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Introduction 6
Belaying 14
Leading 27
Anchors 36
Descending 65
Technique 80
Knots 98
Climb: Julian Heath on The Spider, Cheedale, England. Photographer: Chris Fox (see more here)
Anchors Part 1: What To Do at the Top
Many climbs have bolted anchors at the
top. This is the standard for sport climbs
worldwide, but is also common at many
North American trad climbing venues.
Its important to learn how to do this in the be stranded at the anchor, or even
correct order. If you thread an anchor become completely detached from the
incorrectly, you could drop your rope and bolts.
beeeeeee
Step 1
Clip your rope through a quickdraw on one
of the anchor bolts.
Step 2
Clip another quickdraw into the other
anchor bolt and clip it directly to your belay
loop. Rest your weight on this quickdraw.
Step 4
Tie a figure-8 on the bight (see page 102)
and clip this to your belay loop with a
screwgate carabiner.
Step 5
Untie from the end of the rope.
Step 7
Remove the quickdraw which isnt holding
your weight. Ask your belayer to take you
tight.
Step 8
Rest your weight on the rope, then remove
the other quickdraw. You are now ready to
lower.
Removing Quickdraws
If you have cleaned the anchor, but your
quickdraws are still in the route, youll need
to retrieve them on your way down.
Rope!
Prusik knot
Holding
both ropes Knots
beneath added
belay device to rope
ends
Climb: Patrick Deacon on The Marmolada, Italy. Photographer: James Rushforth (see more here)
Vertical Rock
It is invariably more strenuous on the arms known as back-stepping. It allows you to
to climb a vertical rock than it is to climb a use footholds on either side of your body
slab of the same grade. with either foot.
Its much more efficient to keep the weight Take advantage of any rests. Opposing
off your arms as much as you can. This is your feet against each other across a
done by pushing your hips and chest close corner (stemming) allows you to keep the
to the wall and by using the minimum weight off your arms.
amount of energy to complete each move
as possible. If you cant get a two-hands rest, then
alternately shake out your arms when you
Remember that your feet provide the find a good handhold.
upwards thrust, while your hands primarily
pull you into the rock. Its often better to do a series of small
moves, instead of a long one. Being
Keep your hips perpendicular to the rock stretched out tends to disrupt your balance
by standing on the inside edge of one foot and often makes the next move more
and the outside edge of another. This is strenuous.
kkkkkkk
Climb: Lynne Hempton on Mondviole, Frea, Italy. Photographer: James Rushforth (see more here)
Overhanging Routes
To climb efficiently on overhanging rock, As with other angles of rock, it is more
you need to keep your hips close to the efficient to pull yourself into the rock with
rock and your arms straight whenever your arms and push yourself up with your
possible. Bent arms will tire out much legs.
faster.
This is much more physically demanding
One way to do this is to use the dropknee. on steep routes, but even the poorest
Place the outside edge of your shoe on a footholds will help ease the strain on your
hold and twist your knee downward. Be arms and give you something to push from.
careful though, dropknees put a lot of
tension on the ligaments in your knee.
Climb: Jason Piper on Into the Blue, Mt Ettalong, Australia. Photographer: Chris Fox (see more here)
Technique Part 5: Summary
Climbing is like a dance. The aim is to soon begin to develop your own style and
choreograph these different types of holds move on to more advanced techniques.
and moves into one fluid movement.
After climbing each route, review the
It is much more efficient and enjoyable to techniques that you used. Ask yourself
move up fluidly, methodically and in what worked, what didnt and what you
balance. Frantic, jerky movements are could do to climb the route more efficiently.
clumsy and will tire you out faster.
Practise makes perfect!
Once this becomes second nature, you will
nnnnn
Climb: Martin McKenna on Artemisia, Italy. Photographer: James Rushforth (see more here)
Bolt Quality
Bolts are either adhesive or mechanical. Dont trust bolts that are:
- Rusty or corroded
Adhesive bolts are glued into the hole with - Smaller than 3/8 inch (approx 10mm) in
specially formulated epoxy. diameter
- Loose (e.g: the hanger can spin around)
Mechanical bolts work either by expansion - In bad rock
or compression, though expansion bolts are - Have an obviously homemade hanger
most common on sport routes. The bolt is
placed into a drilled hole and tightened. This The same goes for anchor chains or
expands the rear part of the bolt into the lowering rings. It is your responsibility as a
hole. climber to inspect every bolt and anchor
that you clip.
Both types of bolt are incredibly strong. A
new, well-placed bolt will not break or fall If you come across a badly bolted route or
out in a normal sport climbing situation. a worn out anchor, it is often safer to
However, there are no qualifications needed downclimb to the ground instead of
to bolt a route, and there are no regulations lowering.
on what type of bolt must be used.