English Workbook For SSC & BANK PO

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center
Classes by most Govt. exams cleared faculties in AMRITSAR
ENGLISH
WORKBOOK
BANK PO SSC CDS PUNJAB GOVT. JOBS

SCF-35, KABIR PARK, HELPLINE: 9056703131 Opp. G.N.D.U.,
AMRITSAR
CONTENTS
Vocabulary
Sr. No. Topic Page No.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Confusing words 39
7. Phrasal verbs 46
Understanding of language
Sr. No. Topic Page No.

8. Reading comprehensions 51
9. Para jumbles 93
10. Cloze test 106

A piece of mind
Hello dear reader,
Want to increase your vocab? Yes, means that a herculean task is waiting for you.
But dont worry, although vocab building requires patience, perseverance and curiosity but its very
interesting too. And you will enjoy your journey of vocab building, if you adhere to my words ahead.
We can divide the process of vocab building in three simple and important steps. Each
step is explained beautifully.
Step 1: Source of words
Source means from where you will get the words which are important and sufficient for competitive
exams. Here I strongly forbid you to learn words from any book where these are straightforwardly
presented to by the author. You must try to pick up word from the place where they are being used
naturally for example movies, novels, news, newspapers etc. The best source to pick words for
competitive exams is The Hindu. You can find every word asked in competitive exams in the
editorials of The Hindu. So lets finalize The Hindu as Your major source of words.
Step 2: Knowing the word
Two vital questions which arise here are, i) from where you will find the meaning of the
word and ii) up to what extent you must know the word.
According to me three best sources to know the meaning of difficult words are
vocabulary.com (a website), google and Merriam Webster dictionary. You must read the
meaning of the word from all the three sources to strengthen its impact on your memory
and better understanding. This answers the first question.
Second question is quite important. Dont just know the meaning of the word you are
looking for, but see its all forms like noun, verb, adjective etc. For example, if you are looking for
the meaning of the word BEAUTIFUL also know about beauty, beautify, beautician etc., means
involve yourself with the word. You can never learn vocab without your active involvement. Also
check whether the word id made up of different roots. If yes also check other words made up with
those roots. Also check synonyms of the word. By doing all this you are knowing 10-15 words
instead of just one word. It might seem a slow process, but it is 10-15 times faster and more
efficient than conventional way of just mugging up meanings of words. And you must write down all
the words which are coming in your way during this process. Means you will write down the difficult
word, its all forms, all roots (if any), all words with similar roots, synonyms at the same place. And
at last make a sentence using the words. The sentence should be such, that, if a person who do not
know the meaning of the word, approximately guess its meaning after reading the sentence.
If the word you searched for represent a trait of human beings, then relate it to a
person you know, who has that trait. If it represents a situation for example, word
DILEMMA means when you cannot choose between two decisions, so relate that word to
a period in your life when you have been in that situation. I think you got the idea which I
want to convey. The keyword for step 2 is your INVOLVEMENT, in any way and every way
possible. And maintain a notebook for these words. Write them properly, sometimes you
might feel that it is wastage of time. But at that time remember my word its worth it.
Step 3: Retaining permanently
Memory for long term depends on how you treat the word in short term (just after learning them). If
you have learnt some new words, use them as often as you can. You do not have to say them loudly
just recall them, when you see a situation in which you can use that word. If you stay conscious
whole day, about strengthening your vocab, then you will be able to increase it drastically. For
example, even if you are going to someplace and in the way you encountered a situation which
relates with a word which you have learnt recently, then recall that word.
1
One more point, when you read newspaper or any book then you face many words which
you can recognize, means you have encountered them earlier many times, you do not know their
exact meaning but can guess approximately, generally we ignore checking the exact meaning of
these words. But if you want to increase your vocab then never -ever ignore these words. These
words are easy steps to take your vocab to next level. Involve yourself with these words as told in
step 2. And believe me, these are the words which are asked in exams.
Last but not the least suggestion is that revise your words daily or at least once in
every two days. If you cant do this, you cant learn vocab. REVISION is the key to a
strong vocab. No revision-no vocab. So simple.
So, I think you understood all the steps of vocab building. And if you want to be
benefited by this article then right now read this article once again and note down the
important points in a crisp and structured way. Thanks for your valuable time.
Bhuteshpal Suhag
Director (e1 coaching center)
2
Know your roots
Root Meaning Root Meaning

1. Ego Self, I 7. Anthropos mankind
2. Alter Other 8. Gyne woman
3. Verto Turn 9. Gamos marriage
4. Ambi both 10. Andros male
5. Dexter right hand 11. Phile love
6. Misein hate
EXERCISE 1
Try to guess the meaning of the words yourself, by hiding the meanings with your hand.
Words with Roots Explanation
1. Egoist The man who seeks only or primarily his own moral perfection
2. Egocentric A person who consider itself as a center of universe
3. Egomaniac Ones madness towards his needs, desires and interest etc.
4. Altruist One who lives and works for the welfare of others
5. Alternate Things which occur in turn repeatedly
6. Alternative a choice
7. Alteration Change
8. Altercation Verbally dispute, quarrel or war of words
9. Alter ego Person with mirror image of other. E.g. my best friend Dolly is same as I.
10. Introvert A person who has an aptitude for creative work and is uncomfortable
engaging in activities that require cooperation with other people.
11. Extrovert Person having friendly manner & enjoys talking to and being with other
12. Ambivert people
Mixture of both introvert and extrovert
13. Dexterous Skillful at handling things

14. Ambidexterous Equally skillful with each hand
15. Misanthrope One who hates mankind
16. Misogynist One who hates women
17. Monogamy The custom of having only one marriage (at a time)
18. Bigamy The custom of having two marriages at the same time
19. Polygamy The custom of having more than two spouses at the same time
20. Polyandry The custom of having more than two husbands at the same time
21. Philanthropist One who loves mankind

1. logy Science or study 8. demos people
2. Obstetrix child or midwife 9. derma skin
3. Paidos child 10. ophthalmos eye
4. iateria medical healing 11. oculus eye
5. ician expert 12. opsis, optikos vision, sight
6. agogos leading or leader 13. metron measurement
7. pedis foot
EXERCISE 2
1. Gynaecology Study of Women
2. Obstetrics The branch of medicine and surgery concerned with childbirth and
midwifery
3
3. Paediatrics The branch of medicine that deals with the medical care
of infants, children and adolescents
4. Pedagogy The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic
subject or theoretical concept or leading of children
5. Pedestal The base or support on which a statute, obelisk or column is
6. Pedal mounted A person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle
7. Demogague Leader of people
8. Dermatologist A person who is specialist of skin
9. Hypodermic Relating to the region immediately under
10. Epidermis the skin The outermost layer of skin
11. Taxidermy The skin of animals
12. Dermatitis Skin inflammation, irritation or infection
13. Ophthalmologist Specialist in eyes and vision care and also perform surgery
14. Optometrist One who measure vision, test for glaucoma and prescribe and fit glasses
Root Meaning
1. orthos straight, correct 7. itis inflammation
2. odontos tooth 8. psyche spirit, soul, mind
3. kardia heart 9. iatreia medical healing
4. neuron nerve 10. pathos suffering or disease
5. algos pain 11. soma body
6. osis abnormal or diseased 12. geras old age
condition
EXERCISE 3
1. Orthopaedics Treatment of skeletal deformities
2. Orthodontics Straightening of teeth
3. Cardiologist Specialist of heart
4. Cardiogram Record of heart beat in electrical form
5. Cardiograph Instrument for recording heartbeats
6. Neurology Study of nerve
7. Neurologist A person who studies the nerve system
8. Neuralgia Nerve pain
9. Neuritis Inflammation of nerve
10. Neurosis Emotional disturbance due to abnormality in nerve system
11. Psychology Study of human mind
12. Psychologist A person who studies the human mind
13. Psychosis A full blown mental disorder
14. Psychiatry Treatment of personality disorders
15. Psychosomatic Describing the interaction of mind and body
16. Psychotherapy General term for psychological treatment
17. Psychopath Person lacking in social conscience or inner censor
18. Geriatrist Specialist who deals with medical problems of elderly
Meaning
Root Meaning Root bone
1. peri around, surround 8. osteon
foot
2. endo- inner, within 9. pous, podos
eight
3. ex- out 10. okto
broad, flat
4. metron measurement 11. platys place where
5. therme heat 12. ium
three
6. baros weight 13. tri
hand
7. sphygmos pulse 14. cheir (chiro-)

4
15. mancy prediction
EXERCISE 4
1. Periodontics Speciality of the gums around the tooth
2. Endodontics Dental speciality involving the pulp and root canal
3. Exodontics Speciality of tooth extraction
4. Barometer Instrument that measure atmospheric pressure
5. Sphygmomanometer Instrument that measure blood pressure
6. Thermometer Instrument that measure heat or temperature
7. Osteopathy Speciality arising from the theory that pressure of the bones on
nerves and blood vessels may cause disease
8. Chiropody Treatment of feet and their ailments
9. Octopus Eight armed sea creature
10. Platypus Egg laying mammal with webbed feet
11. Podium Speakers platform
12. Tripod Three legged (or footed)
13. Chirography handwriting
14. Chiromancy Palm reading

1. graphein to write 7. bios life
2. kallos beauty 8. geras old age
3. er one who 9. geron old man
4. kakos bad, harsh 10. senex old
5. photo light 11. escent growing, becoming
6. tele distance
EXERCISE 5
1. Graphology Study of handwriting
2. Calligraphy beautiful handwriting; handwriting as an artistic expression
3. Cacography ugly, bad, illegible handwriting
4. Photograph written by light
5. Phonograph sound writer
6. Telegraph distance writer
7. Biography life writing
8. Gerontology Science of the social, economic, etc. problems of the aged
9. Senility Deteriorated old age
10. Senescence Condition of aging or growing old
11. Senate a council of older

1. astron star 7. autos self
2. nautes sailor 8. ge (geo) earth
3. naus ship 9. graphein to write or mapping
4. dis- against 10. botane plant
5. auto self 11. zoion animal
6. nomos arrangement, law, 12. kosmos universe
order
5
EXERCISE 6
1. Astronomy Science or study of heavenly bodies in universe
2. Astrology Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events
3. Geology Science of the composition of the earth
4. Geometry Mathematical science of figures, shapes etc.
5. Botany Science of plants
6. Zoology Study of animals
7. Geography Science or study of earth mapping
8. Autopsy Dissection and examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death
9. Biopsy Examination of living tissue
10. Astronaut Sailor among the stars
11. Cosmonaut Sailor of the universe
12. Aster Star shaped flower
13. Disaster Great misfortune
14. Autonomy Self-rule or law or Self-government
15. Metronome Instrument to measure musical time

1. en- in 9. lingua tongue
2. tome a cutting 10. philein to love
3. sectus cut 11. Sophos wise
4. kentron(centrum) centre 12. adelphos brother
5. a- not, negative 13. biblion book
6. ana- up 14. anglus English
7. dicha in two 15. socius companion
8. epi on, upon 16. anti against
EXERCISE 7
1. Entomology Science dealing with insects
2. Eccentricity strangeness; oddness; unconventionality
3. Anatomy Physical Structure
4. Dichotomy Condition or State of being split into two parts
5. Epitome summary; representation of the whole
6. Philology linguistics
7. Semantics Science of meanings
8. Sociology Science of social structures and customs
9. Aphrodisiac That which causes sexual arousal
10. Philander To engage in extramarital sex
11. bibliophile book collector
12. Anglophile one fond of English people, customs etc.
13. Asocial withdrawn from contact with people

1. notus known 6. genesis birth, origin
2. summus highest 7. in- negative prefix
3. corrigo to correct, set straight 8. chronos time
4. vetus old 9. con- with, together
5. senex old 10. syn-, sym- with, together
6
11. -ize verb suffix 13. anti- against
12. pathos disease, suffering, 14. en- , em- in
feeling 15. tele- distance
EXERCISE 8
1. Notoriety ill fame
2. To consummate bring to completion
3. Consummacy State of artistic height
4. In corrigibility State of being beyond reform or correction
5. Inveteracy State of being long established in a habit
6. Genetics Science of heredity
7. Genealogy Study of ancestry
8. Genital Refering to reproduction, or to the reproductive or sexual organs
9. Genesis beginning, origin
10. Hereditary referring to characteristics passed on to offspring by parents
11. Gene Particle that transmits hereditary characteristics
12. Chronicity Condition of continual or repeated recurrence
13. Anachronism Something or someone, out of time
14. Incongruity Something or state of being, out of place
15. Chronometry Measurement of time
16. Sympathy A sharing or understanding of anothers feeling
17. Telepathy Communication from a distance

1. grex, gregis herd, flock 7. omnis all
2. ness noun suffix 8. pre before
3. ad- ag- to, toward 9. se- apart
4. un- negative prefix 10. ion noun suffix added to
5. scio to know verbs
6. sciens knowing
EXERCISE 9
1. unconscionability Lack of conscience
2. Omniscience Infinite knowledge
3. Prescience foreknowledge
4. nescience Ignorance
5. glibness suspiciously smooth fluency
6. egregiousness outstanding badness or viciousness
7. gregariousness friendliness; enjoyment of mixing with people
8. congregation religious group; a massing together
9. segregation exclusion from the herd; a setting apart
10. aggregate total; mass; whole
7
One word substitutions
EXERCISE 1
1. A person with long experience of any 15. A short poem or speech addressed to the
occupation spectators after the conclusion of drama
a) Veteran b) Genius a) Prologue b) Dialogue
c) Seasoned d) Ambidexterous c) Epilogue d) Monologue
2. Words written on a tomb 16. Capable of being understood in either of
a) Epithet b) Epigraph two or more possible senses, and therefore
c) Soliloquy d) Epitaph not definite
3. Stealthily done a) Amphibious b) Ambiguous
a) Devious b) Nefarious c) Amorphous d) Confusing
c) Surreptitious d) Villainous 17. A person who is unable to pay his debts
4. Something no longer in use a) Solvent b) Banker
a) Desolate b) Absolute c) Insolvent d) Lender
c) Obsolete d) Primitive 18. Anything which is no longer in use
5. One not concerned with right or wrong a) Obsure b) Obsolete
a) Moral b) Amoral c) Pristine d) Lapsed
c) Immoral d) Immortal 19. A person coming to a foreign land to settle
6. A person who opposes war or use of military there
force a) Immigrant b) Emigrant
a) Fascist b) Pacifist c) Tourist d) Settler
c) Narcissist d) Fatalist 20. Something capable of being done
7. Severely abusive writing in journals a) Probable b) Feasible
a) Imaginary b) Speculative c) Tenable d) Explicable
c) Scurrilous d) Sarcastic 21. Give and receive mutually
8. Call upon god or any other power (like law) a) Present b) Reciprocate
for help or protection c) Compromise d) Approve
a) Invocation b) Involution 22. One who can think about the future with
c) Inundation d) Revocation imagination and wisdom
9. Fear of being enclosed in a small closed space a) Dreamer b) Seer
a) Agoraphobia b) Claustrophobia c) Idealist d) Visionary
c) Xenophobia d) Paranoia 23. A doctor who treats children
10. One who has become dependent on a) Paediatrician b) Pedagogue
something or drugs is c) Pedestrian d) Paedophile
a) Adamant b) Edict 24. One who studies election trends by means
c) Addict d) Derelict of opinion polls
11. Succession of rulers belonging to one family a) Entomologist b) Psephologist
a) Dynasty b) Lineage c) Demogogue d) Eugenist
c) Ancestry d) Progeny 25. One who believes in offering equal
12. To cut something into two pieces opportunities to women in all spheres
a) Severe b) Sever a) Male chauvinist b) Feminist
c) Sewer d) Sow c) Fatalist d) Futurist
13. Flat metal or porcelain plate fixed on a wall 26. Killing of a child
as an ornament or memorial a) Homicide b) Genocide
a) Tabloid b) Poster c) Infanticide d) Suicide
c) Board d) Plaque 27. The art of good eating
14. Act of deceiving somebody in order to make a) Gastronomy b) Astronomy
money c) Vegetarianism d) Gourmet
a) Fraud b) Robbery 28. One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain
c) Pickpocket d) Theft a) Stoic b) Stylist
c) Cynic d) Psychic
8
29. Lasting only for a moment 40. A building where an audience sits
a) Momentous b) Momentary a) Aquarium b) Gymnasium
c) Trivial d) Petty c) Auditorium d) Stadium
30. To seize control of a vehicle in order to force 41. That which lasts for a short time
it to go to a new destination, or demand a) Regular b) Transitory
something c) Rotatory d) Repository
a) Attack b) Contract 42. Ready to believe anything
c) Hijack d) Detour a) Credible b) Incredible
31. One who goes to settle in another country c) Credulous d) Incredulous
a) Immigrant b) Alien 43. A four footed animal
c) Citizen d) Emigrant a) Tetraped b) Quadruped
32. One who hates mankind c) Polyped d) Double-paired
a) Philanthropist b) Terrorist 44. Constant efforts to achieve something
c) Misanthropist d) Misogynist a) Patience b) Vigour
33. Belonging to all parts of the world c) Attempt d) Perseverance
a) Versatile b) Universal 45. One who collects coins
c) Cosmopolitan d) Secular a) Archaelogist b) Numismatist
34. One who walks on ropes c) Philatelist d) Connoisseur
a) Funambulist b) Upholsterer 46. A system of government in which only one
c) Acrobat d) Aviator political party is allowed to function
35. The study of origin and history of words a) Oligarchy b) Dictatorship
a) Linguistics b) Etymology c) Totalitarianism d) Theocracy
c) Verbose d) Anthology 47. Customs and habits of a particular group
36. A person who breaks into a house in order a) Mores b) Traditions
to steal c) Rites d) Rituals
a) Poacher b) Bandit 48. A body of persons appointed to hear
c) Intruder d) Burglar evidence and give their verdict in trials
37. The study of maps a) Association b) Council
a) Cartography b) Geography c) Bar d) Jury
c) Geology d) Atlas 49. Concluding part of a literary work
38. Tough tissues in joints a) Epilogue b) Bibliography
a) Ligaments b) Endoderm c) Soliloquy d) Episode
c) Muscle d) Fibre 50. One who is beyond reform
39. The first model of a new device a) Optimistic b) Incorrigible
a) Prototype b) Sculpture
c) Indefatigable d) Notorious
c) Icon d) Photograph
EXERCISE 2
1. Science of diseases 4. A mild or indirect expression substituted for

a) Philology b) Pathology an offensive or harsh one
c) Psychology d) Virology a) Euphemism b) Truism
2. One who secretly listens to the talks of others c) Favouritism d) Altruism
a) Spy b) detective 5. Murder of parents
c) Emissary d) Eavesdropper a) Patricide b) Parricide
3. One who believes in no government and c) Matricide d) Homicide
therefore incites disorder in a state 6. Animals who live in herds
a) Monarchist b) Anarchist a) Sociable b) Gregarious
c) Autocrat d) Naxalite c) Carnivorous d) Social

9
7. A broad road bordered with trees c) Nepotism d) Formalism
a) Boudoir b) Boulevard 22. Dry weather with no rainfall
c) Avenue d) Facade a) Draught b) Draft
8. Violation of something holy or sacred c) Drought d) Desert
a) Profanity b) Sedition 23. A sly look that is lustful
c) Sacrilege d) Slander a) Leer b) Lore
9. Simple, fast-spreading plant without flowers c) Lark d) Littoral
or leaves, which can often cause disease 24. A jocular person who is full of amusing
a) Bacteria b) Amoeba anecdotes
c) Virus d) Fungus a) Wile b) Yokel
10. One who is greedy c) Wag d) Aeon
a) Voracious b) Avaricious 25. Deep in thought
c) Carnivorous d) Omnivorous a) Meditation b) Pensive
11. An area of land that is controlled by a ruler c) Pesky d) Purloin
a) Colony b) Dominion 26. Without risk of punishment
c) Country d) Municipality a) Impudent b) Impunity
12. A place where Jews worship according to c) Inexorable d) Imperturable
their religion 27. Excessive preoccupation with ones health
a) Cathedral b) Synagogue a) Hypochondria b) Malaise
c) Chapel d) Demagogue c) Disaffected d) Malinger
13. The study of religion and religious ideas and 28. The worship of idols or images
beliefs a) Atheism b) Theism
a) Theocracy b) Theosophy c) Idolatry d) Iconoclasm
c) Theology d) Theism 29. Something that is poisonous or unhealthy
14. Dissection of a dead body to find the cause a) Trivial b) Toxic
of death c) Torpid d) Tragic
a) Biopsy b) Investigation 30. A remedy for all diseases
c) Surgery d) Autopsy a) Amnesia b) Panacea
15. A person without training or experience in a c) Intelligentsia d) Parasol
skill or subject 31. Irresistible craving for alcoholic drinks
a) Chaplin b) Mason a) Megalomania b) Dipsomania
c) Artisan d) Novice c) Kleptomania d) Pyromania
16. One who stays away from school without 32. One who deserts his principles or party
permission a) Apostle b) Proselyte
a) Pedant b) Suplicant c) Renegade d) Critic
c) Mendicant d) Truant 33. One who intervenes between two or more
17. The act of killing a whole group of people, parties to settle differences
especially a whole race a) Neutral b) Intermediary
a) Patricide b) Parricide c) Judge d) Connoisseur
c) Matricide d) Genocide 34. The habit of always admiring oneself
18. A government in which all religions are a) Psychosis b) Neurosis
honoured c) Narcissism d) Paranoia
a) Communist b) Socialist 35. To take back, withdraw or renounce
c) Secular d) Capitalist a) Repent b) Retrace
19. A place where government/public records c) Refuse d) Recant
are kept 36. A pen for small animals
a) Archive b) Museum a) Hutch b) Lair
c) Shelf d) Cellar c) Den d) Cage
20. Living together of a man and woman 37. Having more than one husband at the same
without being married to each other time
a) Marriage b) Equipage a) Polyandry b) Polygamy
c) Lineage d) Concubinage c) Polyphony d) Polygyny
21. Too much official formality 38. Feeding on food made both of plants and
a) Bureaucracy b) Red-Tapism flesh

10
a) Carnivorous b) Omnipotent c) Partisan d) Physician
c) Omnivorous d) Optimist 45. Placing a thing beside another
39. One who destroys images or attach popular a) Impose b) Repose
beliefs c) Juxtapose d) Expose
a) Imagist b) Misanthropist 46. Expert in the scientific study of birds
c) Iconoclast d) Masochist a) Dermatologist b) Zoologist
40. A place where nuns live and work c) Ornithologist d) Astronaut
a) Church b) School 47. Building in which dead bodies are kept for a
c) Abode d) Convent time
41. General view of a persons character a) Mortuary b) Monastery
a) Biography b) Profile c) Sanatorium d) Crematorium
c) Introduction d) Sketch 48. Property handed down after the death of a
42. Wild and noisy disorder person
a) Agitation b) Revolution a) Legacy b) Legend
c) Pandemonium d) Stir c) Patrimony d) Inheritance
43. The first public speech delivered by a person 49. A group of girls
a) Maiden speech b) Inaugural speech a) Bevy b) Covey
c) Trial speech d) Marathon speech c) Troupe d) Coterie
44. One who does not follow the usual rules of 50. Causing or ending in death
social life a) Fatal b) Deadly
a) Bohemian b) Artisan c) Serious d) Dangerous
EXERCISE 3
1. A short poem or speech addressed to the 8. One who walks in sleep

spectators after the conclusion of a drama a) Somniloquist b) Egoist
a) Prologue b) Dialogue c) Somnambulist d) Altruist
c) Epilogue d) Monologue 9. Commencement of adjacent words with the
2. One who has obstinate and narrow religious same letter
views a) Pun
a) Theosophist b) Bigot b) Alliteration
c) Philosopher d) Theologian c) Transferred epithet
3. The sound of the funeral bell d) Oxymoron
a) Knell b) Spell 10. A specialist who tests eyesight
c) Dong d) Ding-dong a) Optician b) Opthalmologist
4. Military waking signal sounded in the c) Ichthyologist d) Neurologist
morning 11. A wall built to prevent sea or a river from
a) Reveille b) Lullaby flooding an area
c) Anthem d) Soprano a) Dam b) Mound
5. Study of insects c) Dyke d) Embankment
a) Ecology b) Embryology 12. To be biased against
c) Entomology d) Biology a) Partial b) Objective
6. A person in his seventies c) Prejudiced d) Predestined
a) Sexagenarian b) Septuagenarian 13. Motion of head, hands etc., as a mode of
c) Centurion d) Patriarch expression indicating attitude
7. A government by officials a) Gesture b) Grin
a) Oligarchy b) Aristocracy c) Gestation d) Grimace
14. Bitter and violent attack in words
c) Plutocracy d) Bureaucracy 11
a) Diaspora b) Diacriticism c) Addict d) Bagpiper
c) Diadem d) Diatribe 31. Belief that god is in everything and that
15. Treatment by means of exercise and everything is god
massage a) Atheism b) Pantheism
a) Chemotherapy b) Hydrotherapy c) Scepticism d) Animism
c) Physiotherapy d) Psychotherapy 32. A picture of a person or a thing drawn in
16. The abandonment of ones country or cause such a highly exaggerated manner as to
a) Defection b) Disloyalty cause laughter
c) Desertion d) Migration a) Cartoon b) Cacography
17. A place where birds are kept c) Cartography d) Caricature
a) Aquarium b) Den 33. The state of being miserable bereft of all
c) Aviary d) Sanctuary possessions
18. A method which never fails a) Dependant b) Complacent
a) Unflinching b) Irreparable c) Destitute d) Omnipresent
c) Irremediable d) Infallible 34. That which cannot be called back
19. Something which cannot be believed a) Irresponsible b) Irrevocable
a) Inevitable b) Ineffable c) Irredeemable d) Incalculable
c) Incredible d) Ineluctable 35. One who journeys from place to place
20. Body of a human being or animal embalmed a) Quack b) Cannibal
for burial c) Itinerant d) Courier
a) Corpse b) Mummy 36. Careful in spending of money, time etc.
c) Morgue d) Mortuary a) Punctual b) Economical
21. Of very bad morals, characterized by c) Miserly d) Calculative
debasement or degeneration 37. Reproducing or memorizing word for word
a) Desultory b) Dilapidated a) Verbatim b) Verbose
c) Depraved d) Dilatory c) Verbiage d) Verbalism
22. Government by a ruler who has unlimited 38. That which cannot be captured
power a) Untakable b) Ungrippable
a) Despotism b) Autocracy c) Impregnable d) Slippery
c) Monarchy d) Anarchy 39. One who breaks the law
23. An occasion of great importance a) Aggressor b) Politician
a) Exemplary b) Momentous c) Transgressor d) Pedestrian
c) Herculean d) Grandiose 40. An underhand device resorted to in order to
24. A person who is always hopeful and looks justify misconduct
upon the brighter side of things a) Subterfuge b) Manoeuvre
a) Florist b) Artist c) Stratagem d) Complicity
c) Theist d) Optimist 41. Impossible to describe
25. Place of burial a) Miraculous b) Ineffable
a) Cave b) Church c) Stupendous d) Appalling
c) Synagogue d) Cemetery 42. Detaining and confining someone
26. To have a very high opinion of oneself a) Interruption b) Interrogation
a) Exaggeration b) Adulations c) Interment d) Internment
c) Abundance d) Conceited 43. Science of the races of the mankind
27. Inability to sleep a) Genealogy b) Epistemology
a) Hysteria b) Insomnia c) Ethnology d) Sociology
c) Aphasia d) Amnesia 44. One who hides away on a ship to obtain a
28. One who is given to pleasures of flesh free passage
a) Terrestrial b) Epicurean a) Compositor b) Stoker
c) Celestial d) Pedestrian c) Stowaway d) Shipwright
29. A tank where fish or water plants are kept 45. Clues available at a scene
a) Aquarium b) Sanatorium a) Circumstantial b) Derivative
c) Nursery d) Aviary c) Inferential d) Suggestive
30. A person who never takes alcoholic drinks 46. An unexpected piece of good fortune
a) Teetotaller b) Alcoholic a) Windfall b) Philanthropy

12
c) Benevolence d) Turnstile 49. An involuntary action under a stimulus
47. An emolument over and above fixed income a) Complex b) Reflex
or salary c) Reflection d) Response
a) Honorarium b) Sinecure 50. A continuous process of change
c) Perquisite d) Prerogative a) Transformation b) Metamorphosis
48. The animals of a particular region
a) Flora b) Museum c) Flux d) Dynamism
c) Zoo d) Fauna
EXERCISE 4
1. The use of many words where only a few are 12. Instrument to measure atmosphere
necessary pressure
a) Circumlocution b) Circumspection a) Metronome b) Compass
c) Circumscription d) Circumvention c) Pedometer d) Barometer
2. Circular building or a hall with a dome 13. Belonging to all parts of the world
a) Edifice b) Palace a) Common b) Universal
c) Rotunda d) Spire c) Worldly d) International
3. To run away with a lover 14. To be known for bad acts
a) Deceive b) Cheat a) Famous b) Notorious
c) Escape d) Elope c) Criminal d) Terrorist
4. Science of heredity 15. Code of diplomatic etiquette and
a) Hereditary b) Genetics precedence
c) Genesis d) Inheritance a) Statesmanship b) Diplomacy
5. Arrangement in order of occurrence c) Hierarchy d) Protocol
a) Timely b) Chronological 16. To renounce a high position of authority or
c) Chronic d) Temporal control
6. Occurring at night a) Abduct b) Abandon
a) Nightly b) Dark c) Abort d) Abdicate
c) Neurotic d) Nocturnal 17. Not to be moved by entreaty
7. Determine the nature of the disease a) Rigorous b) Negligent
a) Investigate b) Determine c) Inexorable d) Despotic
c) Diagnose d) Detect 18. An object or portion serving as a sample
8. Person who insists on adherence to formal a) Specification b) Spectre
rules or literary meaning c) Spectacle d) Specimen
a) Scholar b) Pedant 19. The practice of submitting a proposal to
c) Pedagogue d) Literalist popular vote
9. Calmness and indifference to suffering a) Election b) Reference
a) Stoicism b) Despair c) Popularity d) Referendum
c) Agony d) Materialism 20. Feeling inside you which tells you what is
10. Seeing something which is not actually right and what is wrong
present a) Cleverness b) Conscience
a) Imagination b) Presumption c) Consciousness d) Fear
c) Hallucination d) Supposition 21. Release of a prisoner from jail on a certain
11. With much liveliness and a sense of purpose terms and conditions
a) Lousily b) Jocularly a) Parole b) Parley
c) Pardon d) Acquittal
c) Zealously d) Jauntily 22. Loss of memory
13
a) Ambrosia b) Amnesia c) Diagnosis d) Operation
c) Insomnia d) Forgetting 37. That which cannot be easily read
23. To struggle helplessly a) Illegible b) Incomprehensible
a) Flounder b) Founder c) Unreadable d) Unintelligent
c) Fumble d) Finger 38. One who finds nothing good in anything
24. A post with little work but high salary a) Critic b) Satirist
a) Director b) Trustee c) Cynic d) Slanderer
b) Sinecure d) Ombudsman 39. A person who pretends to be what he is not
25. Something that causes death a) Explorer b) Prompter
a) Dangerous b) Fatal c) Imposter d) Diviner
c) Brutal d) Horrible 40. In a threatening manner
26. A person who writes decoratively a) Ominously b) Sprightly
a) Calligrapher b) Collier c) Ghastly d) Terribly
c) Choreographer d) Cartographer 41. State of anxiety or dismay causing mental
27. Pertaining to cattle confusion
a) Canine b) Feline a) Constriction b) Consternation
c) Bovine d) Verminous c) Concentration d) Contraction
28. To look at someone in an angary or 42. A person who is fluent in two languages
threatening way a) versatile b) Expert
a) Glower b) Gnaw c) Bilingual d) Knowledgeable
c) Gnash d) Grind 43. One who eats human flesh
29. Words uttered impiously about god a) Maneater b) Cannibal
a) Amoral b) Philosophy c) Beast d) Savage
c) Logic d) Blasphemy 44. The quality of being politely firm and
30. Quibble demanding
a) Premeditate b) Prenominate a) Assertive b) Bossy
c) Prevaricate d) Preponderate c) Aggressive d) Lordy
31. One who compiles a dictionary 45. To feel or express disapproval of something
a) Geographer b) Lexicographer or someone
c) Lapidist d) Linguist a) Declare b) Deprive
32. A test in which cells from diseased organs c) Depreciate d) Deprecate
are removed and tested 46. Animals that can live on land and in water
a) Biopsy b) Autopsy a) Anthropoids b) Aquatics
c) Operation d) Amputation c) Amphibians d) Aquarians
33. Speed of an object in one direction 47. Easily duped or fooled
a) Pace b) Tempo a) Insensible b) Perceptible
c) Velodrome d) Velocity c) Gullible d) Indefensible
34. Theft of another persons writings or ideas 48. To agree to something
and passing them off as ones own a) Assure b) Assent
a) Plagiarism b) Burglary c) Adapt d) Adhere
c) Piracy d) Pilferage 49. A person who withdraws from the world to
35. List of issues to be discussed at a meeting live in seclusion and often in solitude
a) Schedule b) Agenda a) Iconoclast b) Recluse
c) Time-table d) Plan c) Sage d) Priest
36. The process of deciding the nature of a 50. A lover of books
disease by examination a) Bibliomaniac b) Bibliophile
a) Test b) Perusal c) Bibliographer d) Bilingualist
14
EXERCISE 5
1. Occuring at irregular intervals in time c) Walkabout d) Walkover

a) Epidemic b) Endemic 16. A cure for all diseases
c) Temporal d) Sporadic a) Laxative b) Panacea
2. To keep a great person or event in peoples c) Antidote d) Purgative
memory 17. To confirm with the help of evidence
a) Communicate b) Commensurate a) Corroborate b) Implicate
c) Commemorate d) Commiserate c) Designate d) Extricate
3. Careful and thorough enquiry 18. The action of looking within or into ones
a) Investigation b) Interview own mind
c) Examination d) Exploration a) Observation b) Examination
4. A violent storm c) Introspection d) Introvert
a) Weather b) Rains 19. One who has narrow and prejudice religious
c) Breeze d) Tempest views
5. A person who dishonestly pretends to be a) Religious b) Fanatic
somebody else c) Bigot d) God-fearing
a) Imperialist b) Impressionist 20. Capable of being interpreted in two ways
c) Implorer d) Imposter a) Confusing b) Unclear
6. A situation that stops an activity from c) Ambiguous d) Ambivert
progressing 21. To be dogmatic in ones opinions
a) Bypass b) Breach a) Plaintive b) Opinionated
c) Bottleneck d) Block head c) Undoubtable d) Secular
7. A body of persons appointed to hear 22. Intense and unreasoned fear or dislike
evidence and give their verdict in trials a) Horror b) Phobia
a) Association b) Council c) Fright d) Scare
c) Bar d) Jury 23. Excessively enthusiastic unreasonably about
8. A child born after the death of its father something
a) An orphan b) A deprived child a) Spirited b) Interested
c) A waif d) A posthumous child c) Fanatical d) Despotic
9. A movement of part of the body to express 24. An agreement between two countries or
an idea or feeling groups to stop fighting
a) Jibe b) Gesture a) Compromise b) Ceasefire
c) Pose d) Mimicry c) Outpost d) Protocol
10. A legal agreement by which a person 25. Full of criticism and mockery
borrows money from a bank usually to buy a) Discrimination b) Ridicule
a house c) Satire d) Contempt
a) Document b) Mortgage 26. To give ones authority to another
c) Lease d) Invoice a) Assign b) Delegate
11. Failing to discharge ones duty c) Represent d) Designate
a) Debacle b) Dereliction 27. One who intervenes between two or more
c) Determination d) Deterrent parties to settle difference
12. Able to use the left hand and right hand a) Neutral b) Intermediary
equally well c) Judge d) Connoisseur
a) Ambivert b) Ambidextrous 28. The absence of law and order
c) Ambivalent d) Ambitious a) Rebellion b) Mutiny
13. One who hates women c) Revolt d) Anarchy
a) Philanthropist b) Ascetic 29. A voice that cannot be heard
c) Misogamist d) Misogynist a) Unheard b) Faint
14. A system of naming things c) Audible d) Inaudible
a) Horticulture b) Miniature 30. High sea waves caused by underwater
c) Genocide d) Nomenclature earthquake
15. A raised passageway in a building a) Tsunami b) Tornado
a) Walkway b) Walkout c) Hurricane d) Cyclone

15
31. A disease which is spread by direct contact a) Genocide b) Germicide
a) Contagious b) Infectious c) Patricide d) Suicide
c) Epidemic d) Endemic 42. The plants and vegetation of a region
32. The study of ancient civilizations a) Fauna b) Flora
a) History b) Anthropology c) Landscape d) Environment
c) Ethnology d) Archaeology 43. That which is without opposition
33. An animal story with a moral a) Unaware b) Verdict
a) Fable b) Tale c) Unanimous d) Spontaneous
c) Anecdote d) Parable 44. Strong dislike between two persons
34. A thing likely to be easily broken a) Aversion b) Antipathy
a) Vulnerable b) Flexible c) Apathy d) Despair
c) Brittle d) Delicate 45. Place where wine is made
35. Body of singers a) Bakery b) Cloakroom
a) Coir b) Quorum c) Tannery d) Brewery
c) Quire d) Choir 46. A paper written by hand
36. Murder of a man a) Handicraft b) Handiwork
a) Regicide b) Fratricide c) Manuscript d) Thesis
c) Homicide d) Genocide 47. The art of preserving skin of animals, birds
37. Use of force or threats to get someone to and fish
agree to something a) Taxonomy b) Taxidermy
a) Coercion b) Conviction c) Topology d) Seismology
c) Confession d) Cajolement 48. Related to moon
38. Animal that feeds on plants a) Solar b) Moony
a) Carnivorous b) Herbivorous c) Lunar d) Honeymoon
c) Insectivorous d) Graminivorous 49. A general pardon of offenders
39. A number of stars grouped together
a) Parley b) Amnesty
a) Orbit b) Constellation
c) Solar system d) Comet c) Parole d) Acquittal
40. Lasting only for a very short while 50. One who practices one of the fine arts
a) Transparent b) Temporal a) Painter b) Artist
c) Temporary d) Temperate
c) Designer d) Architect
41. The killing of whole group of people
EXERCISE 6
1. Scale used for measuring the strength of an c) Hide d) Abroad

earthquake 5. Very dramatic
a) Celsius b) Newtons a) Histrionic b) Hippocratic
c) Richter d) Linear c) Hirsute d) Hoary
2. Something kept as a reminder of an event 6. A figure of speech by which a thing is spoken
a) Trophy b) Souvenir of as being that which it only resembles
c) Prize d) Antique a) Metaphor b) Simile
3. Found all over the world c) Personification d) Alliteration
a) International b) Universal 7. The process by which a person or an
c) Regional d) Provincial organization reduces the amount of money
4. To secretly store more than what is allowed it spends
a) Hoard b) Store
a) Budgeting b) Retrenchment
16
c) Saving d) Closure 21. Something that is difficult to believe
8. An established principle of practical wisdom a) Inevitable b) Incredible
a) Marxism b) Maxim c) Suspicious d) Impossible
c) Neologism d) Platonism 22. Government of the people, by the people
9. A small room in a big house, hotel, ship etc. and for the people
where glasses, dishes, spoons, food etc. are a) Plutocracy b) Aristocracy
kept c) Autocracy d) Democracy
a) Portico b) Pantry 23. A proficient public speaker
c) Mezzanine d) Kitchen a) Curator b) Orator
10. A foreigner who settles in a country c) Narrator d) Arbitrator
a) Immigrant b) Emigrant 24. Unfair advantages for members of ones
c) Alien d) Visitor own family
11. Doing something according to ones own a) Optimism b) Plagiarism
free will c) Nepotism d) Regionalism
a) Wilfully b) Obligingly 25. Fit to be eaten
c) Voluntarily d) Compulsorily a) Legible b) Credible
12. Place that provides refuge c) Audible d) Edible
a) Shelter b) House 26. Always ready to attack or quarrel
c) Country d) Asylum a) Creative b) Impatient
13. A person who gambles or bets c) Aggressive d) Malicious
a) Punter b) Backer 27. Fluent and clear in speech
c) Customer d) Client a) Emotional b) Enthusiastic
14. Art of writing for newspapers and c) Articulate d) Confident
magazines 28. Spoken or done without preparation
a) Literature b) Journalism a) Verbose b) Extempore
c) Biography d) Artistry c) Amateur d) Verbation
15. An abandoned child of unknown parents 29. One who gains benefit from something
found by somebody a) A benefactor b) A miser
a) Foundling b) Sibling c) A hermit d) A beneficiary
c) Urchin d) Orphan 30. One who eats both vegetables and meat
16. Parts of a country behind the coast or a river a) Omnivorous b) Vegevorous
bank c) Herbivorous d) Carnivorous
a) Swamps b) Marshes 31. The first speech made by a person
c) Hinterland d) Isthmuses a) Maiden b) Extempore
17. A written statement about someones c) Debate d) Palaver
character, usually provided by an employer 32. A person who is well-known in an
a) Testimonial b) Memorandum unfavourable way
c) Certificate d) Licence a) Notorious b) Obscure
18. One who does not make mistakes c) Conspicuous d) Ethical
a) Pessimist b) Optimist 33. To write under a different name
c) Infallible d) Hypocrite a) Anonymous b) Biography
19. Group of people living together in the same c) Pseudonym d) Masquerade
locality 34. That through which light cannot pass
a) Neighbourhood b) Crowd a) Lucid b) Transparent
c) Community d) Public c) Hazy d) Opaque
20. The height of an object above sea level 35. To injure ones reputation
a) Altitude b) Certitude a) Defame b) Ridicule
c) Latitude d) Longitude c) Mock d) Agitate

17
36. A geometrical figure with eight sides c) Thin d) Hard
a) Polygon b) Hexagon 44. One who is out to destroy the Government
c) Octagon d) Pentagon a) Anarchist b) Villain
37. A man who wastes his money on luxury c) Criminal d) Enemy
a) Extempore b) Thrifty 45. One who loves all mankind
c) Extravagant d) None of these a) Philologist b) Philosopher
38. A man having no hair on the scalp c) Philanthropist d) Philatelist
a) Hoary b) Gaudy 46. A person who cannot make a mistake
c) Naked d) Bald a) Inexplicable b) Inevitable
39. Rebellion against lawful authority c) Indispensable d) Infallible
a) Mutiny b) Coup 47. A place of good climate for invalids
c) Revolution d) Dissidence a) Hospital b) Asylum
40. Soldiers who fights on horse back c) Sanatorium d) Retreat
a) Infantry b) Artillery 48. To bite like a rat
c) Cavalry d) Armoured a) Chew b) Cut
41. One who speaks for others c) Split d) Gnaw
a) Spokesman b) Leader 49. A style in which a writer makes display of his
c) Supporter d) Naming knowledge
42. A man who doesnt know how to read or a) Ornate b) Pedantic
write c) Artificial d) Showy
a) Uneducated b) Illiterate 50. A list of books available in a library
c) Ignorant d) Oblivious a) Catalogue b) Bibliography
43. Liable to be easily broken
c) Backlist d) Index
a) Weak b) Brittle
EXERCISE 7
1. One who performs daring gymnastic feats 6. Something which is imagined to be real but
a) Athlete b) Juggler actually does not exist
c) Acrobat d) Conjuror a) Figment b) Insight
2. The study or collection of coins c) Mirage d) Shadow
a) Nymphomania b) Numismatics 7. Someone having many skills
c) Numerology d) Numeric a) Versatile b) Projectile
3. One who hates women c) Cyclostyle d) Anglophile
a) Misogynist b) Misanthrope 8. To officially take private property away to
c) Feminist d) Effeminate seize
4. A woman with dark brown hair a) Offer b) Confiscate
a) Blonde b) Philogynist c) Annex d) Hijack
c) Brunette d) Dotard 9. A hater of women
5. Someone who scientifically studies the birds a) Androgynist b) Misogynist
a) Earthologist b) Orthopaedic c) Misanthropist d) Eve-teaser
10. Easy to shape in any desired form
c) Orthodontist d) Ornithologist
a) Ductile b) Malleable
18
c) Flexible d) Plasticine 26. One who loves and supports his or her
11. Amount of money demanded by kidnappers country and is willing to defend it
a) Donation b) Honorarium a) A patriot b) A martyr
c) Ransom d) Salary c) An alien d) An atheist
12. Property inherited from ones father or 27. One who knows everything
ancestors a) Omnipresent b) Omnipotent
a) Alimony b) Patrimony c) Omniscient d) Almighty
c) Voluntary d) Armistice 28. Animals that eat flesh
13. One whose motive is merely to get money a) Herbivorous b) Omnivorous
a) Businesslike b) Mercenary c) Carnivorous d) Aquatic
c) Polyglot d) Fastidious 29. A handwriting which is difficult or
14. A man who is quite like a woman impossible to read
a) Feminine b) Feminist a) Illegitimate b) Illicit
c) Effeminate d) Womanly c) Illegible d) Illusive
15. A co-worker in an office or institution 30. Talking disrespectfully of sacred things
a) Companion b) Ally a) Heresy b) Atheism
c) Accomplice d) Colleague c) Blasphemy d) Apostasy
16. To supply land with water by artificial means 31. Men living in the same age
a) Irrigate b) Mitigate a) Recent b) Modern
c) Watergate d) Postulate c) Contemporary d) Compatriot
17. A large burial ground 32. Someone who is killed fighting for the cause
a) Mercenary b) Emissary of religion or faith
c) Symmetry d) Cemetery a) Prophet b) Martyr
18. Exclusive possession or control of anything c) Seer d) Mystic
a) Monotheism b) Monopoly 33. A list of books and writings of one author or
c) Monoism d) Monomania one subject
19. One who is unable to pay his debt a) Biography b) Lithography
a) Bankrupt b) Bankroll c) Bibliography d) Orthography
c) Extravagant d) Borrower 34. Yearly celebration of a date or an event
20. Instrument that magnifies objects a) Birthday b) Jubilee
a) Periscope b) Stethoscope c) Anniversary d) Centenary
c) Telescope d) Microscope 35. A list of the names of the books
21. Animals which live in water a) Epilogue b) Dialogue
a) Wild b) Domestic c) Catalogue d) Prologue
c) Aquatic d) Barren 36. A person who readily believes others
22. The study of plant life a) Credible b) Credulous
a) Zoology b) Botany c) Sensitive d) Sensible
c) Geography d) Geology 37. Person having an evil reputation
23. One who eats too much a) Notorious b) Malicious
a) Glutton b) Obese c) Magnanimous d) Dubious
c) Overweight d) Greedy 38. A person who helps even a stranger in
24. Existing only in mind difficulty
a) Imaginary b) Fallacy a) Samaritan b) Altruist
c) Gamble d) Missionary c) Philanthropist d) Beneficiary
25. Likely to arouse envy 39. The production of raw silk
a) Enviable b) Economical a) Sericulture b) Seroculture
c) Envious d) Jealous c) Sariculture d) Syrumculture

19
40. Meaningless language with an exaggerated 45. Not allowing the passage of light
style intended to impress a) Oblique b) Opaque
a) Orator b) Public speaking c) Optique d) Opulant
c) Verbalization d) Rhetoric 46. Science regarding principles of classification
a) Taxidermy b) Taxonomy
41. The conference takes place once in three
c) Toxicology d) Classicology
years
47. A political leader appealing to popular
a) Tetraenning b) Triennial desires and prejudices
c) Treennial d) Thriennnial a) Dictator b) Tyrant
42. An apartment building in which each c) Popularist d) Demagogue
apartment is owned separately by the 48. Enclosed in a small closed space.
people living in it, but also containing a) Closophobia b) Clusterophobia
shared areas c) Claustrophobia d) Liftophobia
a) Condominium b) Multiplex 49. A general pardon granted by the
c) Duplex d) Caravan Government to political offenders
a) Excuse b) Honesty
43. A group of three powerful people
c) Amnesty d) Pardon
a) Trio b) Tritium 50. One who hates women
c) Trivet d) Triumvirate a) Misogamist b) Ambivert
44. Operation of the body after death
a) Post-mortem b) Obituary c) Misanthrope d) Misogynist
c) Homage d) Mortuary
EXERCISE 8
1. One who cannot be corrected a) Stealomania b) Kleptomania

a) Incorrigible b) Hardened c) Cleptomania d) keptomania
c) Invulnerable d) Incurable 9. Prohibited by law or treaty from being
2. A school boy who cuts classes frequently is a imported or exported
a) Sycophant b) Truant a) Contraband b) Smuggled
c) Martinet d) Defeatist c) Counterfeit d) Forged
3. Detailed plan of a journey 10. Intentional destruction of racial groups
a) Travel kit b) Schedule a) Regicide b) Genocide
c) Itinerary d) Travelogue c) Homicide d) Fratricide
4. Stealing of ideas or writings of someone else 11. A person in a vehicle or on horseback
a) Scepticism b) mesmerism escorting another vehicle
c) plagiarism d) autism a) Navigator b) Escort
5. A person who consumes human flesh c) Outrider d) security
a) Javage b) Captor 12. A person specially interested in the study of
c) Carnivore d) Cannibal coins and medals
6. One who is unaffected or indifferent to joy, a) Medalist b) Coinist
pain, pleasure or grief c) Numismatist d) Numerist
a) Tolerant b) Resigned 13. An act of violence to take control of a plane
c) Passive d) Stoic a) Hold as hostage b) Abduct
7. A person who is greatly respected because of c) Hijack d) Kidnap
wisdom 14. One who is all powerful
a) Veracious b) Vulnerable a) Omnipotent b) Omniscient
c) Venerable d) Verger c) Absolute d) Almighty
8. An excessively morbid desire to steal 15. That which cannot be believed

20
a) Inaudible b) Incredible a) Thespian b) Sadist
c) Invincible d) Indivisible c) Stoic d) Humanitarian
16. A form of government in which the supreme 31. One who thinks or speak too much for
power rests with people is himself
a) Monarchy b) Oligarchy
a) Imposter b) Enthusiast
c) Democracy d) Bureaucracy
17. Animals that live in a particular region c) Egotist d) Optimist
a) Fauna b) Wildlife 32. An exact-copy of handwriting or a picture
c) Native d) Beast made by a machine
18. Send or bring somebody back to his own a) Original b) Facsimile
country c) Copy d) None of these
a) Asylum b) Refuge 33. Study of sound
c) Repatriate d) Emigrate a) Stylistics b) Linguistics
19. More like a woman than a man in manners
c) Phonetics d) Semantics
and habits
a) Unmanly b) Effeminate 34. To reduce to nothing
c) Womanish d) Delicate a) Lull b) Null
20. Handwriting which is difficult or impossible c) Annul d) Cull
to read 35. An obviously true or hackneyed statement
a) Unintelligible b) Eligible a) Syllogism b) Iconic
c) Illegible d) Illogical c) Imagism d) Truism
21. To play the part of, and function as, some 36. The act of producing beautiful handwriting
other people
using a brush or a special pen
a) Imitate b) Pretend
a) Calligraphy b) Stencilling
c) Impersonate d) Act
22. Not easily pleased by anything c) Graphics d) Hieroglyphics
a) Fastidious b) Maiden 37. A word composed of the first letters of the
c) Medieval d) Precarious words in a phrase
23. To die without having made a will a) Abridgement b) Almanac
a) Intaglio b) Inveterate c) Anachronism d) Acronym
c) Intestate d) Insolvent 38. A person of obscure position who has
24. One who enjoys inflicting pain on himself gained wealth
a) Masochist b) Nihilist
a) Promiscuous b) Parvenu
c) Egoist d) Sadist
c) Sumptuary d) Extravagant
25. Murder of a brother
a) Fratricide b) Patricide 39. A person who attends to the diseases of
eyes is an
c) Regicide d) Homicide
a) Oculist b) Optimist
26. Science of human mind and behavior
c) Obstetrician d) Optician
a) Physiology b) Psychology
40. The study of worms and insects
c) Sociology d) Philology
a) Taxidermy b) Entomology
27. A set of three related words by the same
c) Ornithology d) Paleontology
author
a) Topology b) Trilogy 41. A person who devotes his or her life for the
welfare of others
c) Trichology d) Ecology
a) Altruist b) Hermit
28. The study or practice of dancing or
c) Volunteer d) Martyr
composing ballets
a) Calligraphy b) Cartography 42. A person who shows off his learning
a) Pedant b) Educationist
c) Choreography d) Epigraphy
c) Exhibitor d) Researcher
29. Having juicy or fleshy and thick tissues
a) Succulent b) Translucent 43. Written law of legislative body
a) Statute b) Stature
c) Dissolvent d) Dissident
c) Static d) Statue
30. One who accepts pleasure and pain equally
21
44. A pole or beam used as a temporary support c) Wirepuller d) Whist
a) Scaffold b) Prop 48. A person difficult to please
c) Lean-to d) Rafter a) Fastidious b) Callous
45. One who studies the art of gardening c) Sadist d) Ferocious
a) Agriculturist b) Horticulturist 49. That which cannot be defeated
c) Gardener d) Botanist a) Invincible b) Invulnerable
46. The line where the land and the sky seems c) Infallible d) Indictable
to meet 50. Study of the nature of god
a) Atmosphere b) Milky way a) Philology b) Theology
c) Horizon d) Distant land
47. A list of passengers and luggage c) Humanism d) Philosophy
a) Waybill b) Wagon
EXERCISE 9
1. A short story based on your personal c) Parasite d) Refugee

experience 10. An assembly of worshippers
a) Legend b) Anecdote a) Configuration b) Confrontation
c) Fable d) Parable c) Congregation d) Conflagration
2. A former student of a school, college or 11. A person who lives by himself
university a) Extrovert b) Prophet
a) Genius b) Scholar c) Monk d) Recluse
c) Learner d) Alumnus 12. A medicine to nullify the effect of poison
3. A building in which aircrafts are housed a) Antidote b) Anticlimax
a) Granary b) Dockyard c) Antibody d) Antigen
c) Garage d) Hangar 13. A decorative ring of flowers and leaves
4. One who lends money at a very high interest a) Wreathe b) Wreath
a) Banker b) Usurer c) Wreeth d) Wrath
c) Imposter d) Former 14. A man of evil reputation
5. Incapable of being approached a) Notorious b) Gracious
a) Inaccessible b) Inadmissible c) Laborious d) Mischievous
c) Irresistible d) Illegal 15. A public institution for the care and
6. One who takes care of a building protection of children without parents
a) Janitor b) Manager a) Conservatory b) Orphanage
c) Warden d) Beadle c) Academy d) Asylum
7. One who possesses many talents 16. A heavy continuous fall of rain
a) Versatile b) Unique a) Drizzle b) Blizzard
c) Dexterous d) Attractive c) Downpour d) Avalanche
8. Detailed plan of journey 17. Completing a period of hundred years
a) Travelogue b) Travel-kit a) Centennial b) Centurion
c) Schedule d) Itinerary c) Centaury d) Centenarian
9. One who lives / survives on others / other 18. The art of making maps and charts
lives
a) Calligraphy b) Palaeography
a) Expatriate b) Pesticide
22
c) Metallurgy d) Cartography 33. To take great pleasure
19. A game in which no one wins a) Revel b) Satisfied
a) Draw b) Obsolete c) Uphold d) Overhaul
c) Legal d) Illegal 34. A strong dislike
20. Shaking movement of the ground a) Reciprocity b) Entreaty
a) Tremor b) Shiver c) Animosity d) Malice
c) Vibrate d) Oscillate 35. The Mahabharta is a long poem based on a
21. A room or building for the preservation of noble theme
plants a) Summary b) Story
a) Plantation b) Farmyard c) Narration d) Epic
c) Greenhouse d) Plantain 36. A person who abstains completely from
22. A large number of fish swimming together alcoholic drinks
a) Troupe b) Swarm a) Teetotaller b) Derelict
c) Litter d) Shoal c) Subjunctive d) incriminatory
23. A list of things to be discussed at a meeting 37. Person who files a suit
a) Minutes b) Issues A) Charger b) Suitor
c) Agenda d) Data c) Plaintiff d) Accuser
24. A figure with many angles or sides 38. One who offers his service of his own free
a) Hexagon b) Octagon will
c) Polygon d) Pentagon a) Worker b) Slave
25. An extract from a book of writing c) Volunteer d) Servant
a) Excerpt b) Review 39. One who is always doubting
c) Footnote d) Preface a) Sceptic b) Deist
26. A person who supports or speaks in favour c) Rationalist d) Positivist
of something 40. A collection of slaves
a) Advocate b) Assistance a) Coffle b) Crew
c) Adviser d) Volunteer c) Company d) Cortege
27. One living on vegetables 41. A professional soldier hired to serve in a
a) Vegetarian b) Herbivore foreign army
c) Carnivore d) Barbarian a) Mercenary b) Liquidator
28. The firing of many guns at the same time to c) Venal d) Hireling
mark an occasion 42. A writing or a speech in in praise of
a) Fusillade b) Salvo someone
c) Attack d) Volley a) Tribute b) Eulogy
29. A word that reads the same backwards as c) Accolade d) Oration
forwards 43. A person who repairs broken window
a) Acrostic b) Homophone glasses
c) Acronym d) Palindrome a) Welder b) Sculptor
30. A person who is self-centered c) Glazier c) patisserie
a) Egoist b) Masochist 44. A state where no law and order exist
c) Narcissist d) Eccentric a) Monarchy b) mobocracy
31. A principle or standard by which anything is c) Anarchy d) Democracy
or can be judged 45. Partner in crime
a) Manifesto b) Copyright a) Friend b) Accomplice
c) Epitome d) Criterion c) Neighbour d) Companion
32. The practice of having many wives 46. A short trip or excursion
a) Bigamy b) Calligraphy a) Rambler b) Jaunt
c) Detour d) Stroller
c) Polygamy d) Polyandry 23
47. Motive or incitement to action 49. A person who works for an employer for a
a) Remark b) Contract fixed period of time in order to learn the
c) Proposition d) incentive particular skills needed in their job
48. A speakers platform a) Labourer b) Worker
a) Stage b) Stand c) Employee d) Apprentice
50. A word or practice that has gone out of use
c) Pulpit d) Podium a) Obsolete b) Absolute
c) Outdated d) Old-fashioned
EXERCISE 10
1. A supplement to a will a) Canine b) Bovine
a) Furlough b) Adjunct c) Ovine d) Feline
c) Effusion d) Codicil 12. Hole excavated by an animal as dwelling
2. Estimation of a things worth a) Borrow b) Burrow
a) Pay b) Goodness c) Bore d) Pierce
c) Appraisal d) Beliefs 13. Person believing in free will
3. To free completely from blame a) Guardian b) Tyrant
a) Let go b) Clear c) Humanitarian d) Libertarian
c) Exonerate d) Release 14. Small pieces of metal that fly out from an
4. Passing out of use exploding bomb
a) Adolescent b) Reticent a) Shrapnel b) Splinters
c) Translucent d) Obsolescent c) Filings d) Bullets
5. A drink usually made from a mixture of one 15. All the arts, beliefs and social institutions
or more alcoholic drinks etc. characteristics of a race
a) Cocktail b) Mocktail a) Culture b) Civilization
c) Liquor d) Bisque c) Infrastructure d) Ritual
6. Affecting or relating to cows 16. The act of speaking about ones thoughts
a) Feline b) Bovine when one is alone
c) Ovine d) Vulpine a) Silence b) Monologue
7. Something that might happen in future c) Dialogue d) Soliloquy
a) Contingency b) Insurance 17. Study of caves
c) Emergency d) Prophecy a) Speleology b) Seismology
8. Relating to kinship with the father c) Topology d) Numismatics
a) Patrilineal b) Fratrilineal 18. Government by few
c) Matrilineal d) Familial a) Oligarchy b) Autocracy
9. A part of a word that can be pronounced c) Monarchy d) Anarchy
separately 19. Materials that change naturally by the
a) Particle b) Sibilant action of bacteria
c) Syllable d) Letter a) Inflammable b) Perishable
10. To remove an objectionable part from a c) Biological d) Biodegradable
book 20. Having a stale smell or taste
a) Exterminate b) Expurgate a) Rancid b) Insipid
c) Extirpate d) Destroy c) Savoury d) Tepid
11. Pertaining to sheep

24
21. A wooden object used for connecting 35. Wild imagination
animals that are pulling a vehicle a) Whim b) Fantasy
a) Rein b) Leash c) Fancy d) Memory
c) Whip d) Yoke 36. A poem of fourteen lines
22. A man who knows a lot about things like a) Ballad b) Psalm
food, music and art c) Sonnet d) Carol
a) Priest b) Optimist 37. The secretarys proposal was adopted with
c) Hostage d) Connoisseur the full agreement of all the members
23. A doctor who specializes in diseases of nose a) Ambitiously b) Unanimously
a) Rhinologist b) Otologist c) Equivocally d) Vehemently
c) Pathologist d) Podiatrist 38. That which makes it difficult to recognize
24. Animals which suckle their young the presence or real nature of something
a) Herbivorous b) Mammals a) Camouflage b) Transparent
c) Carnivorous d) Omnivorous c) Infallible d) Image
25. A drug or other substance that induces 39. Code of diplomatic etiquette and
sleep precedence
a) Reviver b) Stimulant a) Formality b) Statesmanship
c) Energic d) Sedative c) Protocol d) Hierarchy
26. A fictitious name especially one assumed by 40. A person who can make himself/herself feel
an author at home in any country
a) Nick name b) Pseudonym a) Cosmocrate b) Cosmesis
c) Sobriquet d) Per name c) Cosmetician d) Cosmopolitan
27. Widespread scarcity of food 41. The Bedouin Arabs are people of no fixed
a) Hunger b) Drought abode
c) Poverty d) Famine a) Barbarians b) Nomads
28. Inflammation of gums c) Vagabonds d) Travellers
a) Gangerene b) Gingivitis 42. A person who drives our motor cars
c) Conjunctivitis d) Orchitis a) Driver b) Chauffeur
29. A book written by an unknown author c) Conductor d) Lift -operator
a) Anonymous b) Acrimonious 43. The headmaster brought back to mind the
c) Audacious d) Assiduous outstanding achievement of the school
30. An event that causes great harm or damage a) Remembered b) Reminded
a) Problem b) Disaster c) Reminisced d) Recalled
c) Pain d) Relief 44. Lack of feeling
31. Beyond correction a) Empathy b) Apathy
a) Inverterate b) Glib c) Sympathy d) Pity
c) Incorrigible d) Incongruous 45. Accidental good fortune
32. Incapable of error a) Serendipity b) Good luck
a) Erroneous b) Incorrigible c) Chance d) Fluke
c) Unbeatable d) Infallible 46. Short speech or poem given at end of a play
33. One who believes everything he or she or a book
hears a) Epilogue b) Epigram
a) Credulous b) Credible c) Epitaph d) Epicure
c) Creditable d) Credential 47. Study of interaction of people with their
34. An allowance made to a wife by her environment
husband, when they are legally separated a) Ecology b) Psychology
a) Alimony b) Parsimony
c) Philosophy d) geography
c) Matrimony d) Honorarium 25
48. A list of explanations of rare, technical or 60. Edible means that which
obsolete words a) Can be edited b) Cannot be deleted
a) Dictionary b) Glossary c) Edifying d) Is worth eating
c) Lexicon d) Catalogue 61. A written declaration of government or a
49. Underground place for storing wine or other political party
provisions a) Manifesto b) Affidavit
a) Garage b) Cellar c) Dossier d) Document
c) Attic d) Hall 62. One who is rather fastidious
50. Free somebody from blame or guilt a) Tempestuous b) Punctual
a) Excuse b) Reprimand c) Meticulous d) Carefree
c) Exonerate d) Acquit 63. Pay attention
51. One who plays for pleasure rather than as a a) Heed b) Glance at
profession c) Overlook d) Repair
a) Player b) Amateur 64. Branch of medicine concerned with children
c) Performer d) Actor a) Cardiology b) Osteopathy
52. One who does something for the first time c) Pediatrics d) Morphology
a) Leader b) Model 65. Government by the wealthy
c) Forerunner d) Pioneer a) Theocracy b) Plutocracy
53. A government run by officials c) Bureaucracy d) Aristocracy
a) Democracy b) Anarchy 66. A person who collects/studies stamps
c) Oligarchy d) Bureaucracy a) Pioneer b) Philatelist
54. That which can be drunk c) Pianist d) Philanthropist
a) Edible b) Palatable 67. Information about the bird species was
c) Potable d) Culpable inaccessible. One has to access rare
55. One who is neither intelligent nor dull websites to access it
a) Ordinary b) Average a) That which cannot be read
c) Fair d) Mediocre b) That which cannot be reached
56. Person leading a life of strict self-discipline c) That which cannot be remembered
a) Hedonist b) Disciplinarian d) That which cannot be stretched
c) Atheist d) Ascetic 68. Guilty of crime
57. A person who loves everybody a) Daring b) Suspicious
a) Egoist b) Fatalist c) Culpable d) Ruthless
c) Humanist d) Altruist 69. Incapable of being tired
58. A small village or a group of houses a) Indefatigable b) Invincible
a) Community b) Settlement c) Untiring d) Tireless
c) Hamlet d) Colony 70. People at a religious gathering
59. A person who wastes his money on luxury a) Rabble b) Mob
a) Luxuriant b) Stingy
c) Congregation d) Crowd
c) Extravagant d) Luxurious
26
Special words
MANIA: means excessive desire about 16. Odontology: teeth

something 17. Ophthalmology: eyes
1. Bibliomania: book collection 18. Ornithology: birds
2. Cynomania: dogs 19. Paedology: children
3. Demonania: crowd 20. Palaeontology: fossils
4. Dipsomania: alcohol 21. Potamology: rivers
5. Dromomania: Travelling 22. Psephology: elections
6. Hedomania: pleasure 23. Seismology: earthquakes
7. Kleptomania: stealing things 24. Speleology: caves
8. Logomania: talking 25. Trichology: hair
9. Nostomania: home 26. Cartography: map making
10. Plutomania: wealth 27. Choreography: dancing
11. Pyromania: set things on fire 28. Demography: population
12. Xenomania: foreigners / foreign 29. Lexicography: dictionary
things 30. Topography: surface features of a
region
PHOBIA: means illogical or irrational fear about
something SPECIALISTS: of different fields or subjects
1. Acrophobia: air 1. Apiarist: bee keeping
2. Androphobia: males 2. Cardiologist: heart diseases
3. Anemophobia: wind 3. Chiropodist: hand diseases
4. Astrophobia: lightning 4. Cosmetologist: beauty problems
5. Chirophobia: hands 5. Dermatologist: skin diseases
6. Chromophobia: colours 6. Entomologist: insects
7. Claustrophobia: closed places 7. Geologists: earths crust
8. Cynophobia: dogs 8. Gerontologist: old age problems
9. Entomophobia: insects 9. Grapholoist: handwriting
10. Potamophobia: rivers 10. Gynaecologist: womens diseases
11. Pyrophobia: fire 11. Horticulturist: gardens
12. Trichophobia: hair 12. Ichthyologist: fishes
13. Xenophobia: strangers 13. Numismatist: coins
14. Opthalmologist: eyes
LOGOS: (in Greek) means study of something, 15. Optometrist: eyes power and glasses
so logy is used as a suffix to denote study of 16. Ornithologist: birds
something 17. Paediatrician: diseases of children
1. Anemology: wind 18. Periodontist: gum
2. Anthropology: mankind 19. Philatelist: stamp collection
3. Cardiology: heart 20. Psephologist: election trends
4. Chronology: dates 21. Psychiatrist: mental disorders
5. Cosmology: universe 22. Psychologist: human mind
6. Cryptology: codes 23. Semanticist: meaning of words
7. Dendrology: trees
8. Dermatology: skin PHILOSOPHIES:
9. Ecology: environment 1. Altruism: selflessness
10. Endocrinology: glands 2. Antitheism: opposition to existence
11. Entomology: insects of god
12. Ethnology: human races 3. Atheism: disbelief in god
13. Gerontology: old age 4. Hedonism: pleasures being the
14. Gynaecology: womens diseases main aim
15. Ichthyology: fish 5. Monotheism: one god
27
6. Narcissism: self-adoration 4. Chiropractic: manipulating spine
7. Nepotism: favouring relatives 5. Herbotherapy: using plants and herbs
8. Pacifism: abolishing war 6. Hydrotherapy: using warm/cold water
9. Plagiarism: using others ideas 7. Hypnotherapy: using hypnosis
without permission 8. Naturopathy: using natural things
10. Stoicism: indifferent to pleasure 9. Osteopathy: manipulating bones
and pain 10. Phototherapy: using light
11. Neologism: coining / using new 11. Physiotherapy: using
Words exercises/massage
12. Zone therapy: using foot massage
TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS:
1. Aristocracy: privileged and wealthy PEOPLE WHO LOVES SOMETHING:
group 1. Bibliophile: books
2. Diarchy: two persons/bodies 2. Cannibal: human meat
3. Gerontocracy: old men 3. Connoisseur: art and artistic
4. Theocracy: clergy class creations
5. Matriarchy: only women 4. Dendrophile: trees
6. Patriarchy: only men 5. Gourmet: good food
7. Meritocracy: meritorious people 6. Globe-trotter: travelling
8. Ochlocracy: mob 7. Hippophile: horses
9. Oligarchy: a small group 8. Megalomaniac: grandeur
10. Pantisocracy: rule by all equally 9. Mercenary: money
11. Plutocracy: rich people 10. Materialist: material things
12. Stratocracy: army 11. Nomad: unsettled life
13. Technocracy: technological experts 12. Narcissist: self
13. Paedophile: children
DIFFERENT WAYS OF CURING: 14. Philologist: words
1. Acupuncture: by puncturing/inserting 15. Pacifist: peace
needles in body 16. Warmonger: war
2. Aromatherapy: fragrant oils 17. Philanthropist: mankind
3. Chemotherapy: using chemicals (spl. in 18. Theist: god
cancer) 19. Zoophile: animals
28
Idioms & Phrases
1. Above board (honest and straightforward) - Gandhi ji was above board and hence
had nothing to hide.
2. Adams ale (pure water) - In the remotest parts of Rajasthan, people walk miles for Adams ale.
3. Add a new feather in ones cap (to acquire a new honour or distinction) - e1
Coaching Centre has added a new feather in its cap by starting Video Lecture.
4. Add insult to injury (to harm as well as humiliate) - She has added insult to injury by
returning the gift and sending a get lost note.
5. After ones own heart (similar to you) - Seeing your inclination towards art and
Literature, I can say that you are clearly a person after my own heart.
6. An eye wash (a pretence) - The whole investigation was just an eye wash as no
one was held guilty.
7. A hair-breadth escape (very narrow escape) - He had a hair-breadth escape when
his bike skid on the oil drenched road.
8. An old flame (long time love) - He met his old flame in the market yesterday
but prudently avoided eye contact.
9. An old head on young shoulders (to be more matured than ones own age) - He is an old
head on young shoulders as he teaches Physics at a university at an young age of 25 .
10. As fit as a fiddle (strong and healthy) - He feigned illness but I knew that he was as fit as a fiddle.
11. Assume airs (to pretend superiority) - After becoming an IAS officer he has assumed airs.
12. At a stones throw (at a little distance) - Lal Quila is at a stones throw from my house.
13. At large (absconding) - Many terrorists are at large and posing serious threat to
the security of India.
14. At logger heads (to be at strife) - Congress is always at logger heads with BJP.
15. At naught (to disregard or treat as of no importance) - Leaders today set
Gandhijis ideals at naught.
16. At odds (in disagreement) - Various political parties are at odds in the
matter of Women Reservation Bill.
17. At sea (to be confused) - He was at sea when he saw the question paper.
18. At ones beck and call (at service) - The servants were always at the beck and
call of the rich merchant.
19. Back stairs influence (improper and private influence) - He tried to get a
government job by back stair influence.
20. Bad egg (a worthless person) - Often a prodigal son of a rich father becomes a
bad egg for the society.
21. Bandy words (to argue) - The two neighbours usually bandy words and create a lot of nuisance.
22. Bank upon (depend on, count on) - You can bank upon us at the time of need.
23. Bated breath (holding your breath, in anxiety) - We waited for the good news
outside the delivery room with bated breath.
24. Caught red-handed (to be caught while committing a crime) - My brother felt
ashamed when he was caught red handed reading my personal diary.
25. Be in bad books of (out of favour) - She is in bad books of her parents as she
went to see a movie without informing them.
26. Be in bad odour of (to be out of favour) A corrupt minister is always in bad odour of the public.
27. Be in good books of (to be in kind favour) She is in good books of her
parents as she is very efficient and hardworking.
28. Be in good odour of (to be in good favour) An honest minister is always in
good odour of the public.
29. Be in the driving seat (to take the whole responsibility) Rajesh is the eldest son
and so he is in the driving seat after his fathers death.
30. Bear the palm (to be victorious) Our school bore the palm in the dance
competition held at the district level.
29
31. Beat the air (to make useless efforts) Trying to reform a hard-core criminal is
like beating the air.
32. Bed of roses (an easy and comfortable situation) The life of Prince was a bed of roses.
33. Bee in ones bonnet (go on talking about something which other people think is
not important) She has a new in her bonnet about recycling of waste material.
34. Behind the scene (secretly) The minister is the mastermind behind the scene
and the police are arresting small fries.
35. Below the belt (to strike unfairly) One must compete with others in a fair
manner and should not hit anyone below the belt.
36. Beside oneself (to feel extremely nervous or worried) Before any exam I am beside myself.
37. Beside the mark (irrelevant) The judge did not hear any argument that was beside the mark.
38. Between Scylla and Charybdis (between two great dangers) She is between
scylla and charybdis: if she obeys her mother-in-law she will lose her job and if
she doesnt she will lose her family.
39. Bid defiance (to defy) The army is bidding defiance by going against the government.
40. Bite the dust (to be defeated) In every match, Pakistan team but the dust.
41. Blaze the trail (to be pioneer and make path for others) Only a man of iron can blaze the trail.
42. Blessings in disguise (something intrinsically good but having a bad appearance) He
missed the train but it was blessing in disguise as the train met with an accident.
43. Blow ones own trumpet (to praise ones own self) Every political party always
blow its own trumpet and denounces the other political parties.
44. Blue stocking (an educated intellectual lady) A blue stocking was rarely
found in Medieval India.
45. Book worm (A bibliophilic person) She is not a book worm but still come first.
46. Break the ice (to break the silence by speaking first) Shyam broke the ice by
talking to me after a long time.
47. Bring down the house (receive great applause) The performance of Lara
Mangeshkar brought the house down.
48. Bring home (to explain) I was unable to bring my views home before my parents.
49. Bring to book (to punish) The guilty should be brought to book.
50. Bring to light (to disclose) The CBI has brought many indiscripancies to
light in many high profile cases.
51. Brow beat (to intimidate) The government must not brow beat the social
reformers if they protest against any unjust law.
52. By and By (gradually) You will learn the norms of this organization by and by.
53. By and large (on the whole) My friend is by and large an honest person.
54. By dint of (by means of) You can succeed by dint of hard work only.
55. By fair or foul means (by anyway right or wrong) He will try to get a job by fair
or foul means but will ultimately lose his peace of mind.
56. By the rule of thumb (according to practical experience) By rule of thumb we
must not allow children to take major decisions.
57. Call a spade and spade (to be frank) He never hesitated in calling a spade a
spade and hence he has few friends.
58. Call names (to abuse) He has a bad habit of calling names.
59. Capital punishment (death penalty) Capital punishment should be
abolished as it is the cruelest form of punishment.
60. Carrot and stick policy (reward and punishment policy) The multinational
companies adopt carrot and stick policy to get maximum output.
61. Carry matters with a high hand (to deal with a person strictly) The police carry
matters with high hand.
62. Cast a slur (to bring disgrace) Taking bribe could cast a slur on the honour of your family.
63. Cave in (yield) One must not cave in under pressure or temptation.
64. Chapter and verse (in full detail) I cant narrate the whole incident in chapter and verse.
65. Cheek by jowl (close together) Many poor people live cheek by jowl in a small room.
30
66. Child's play (A very easy task) It is not a childs play to address a crowd.
67. Clinch the issue (to clear the controversy) The college administration
clinched the issue by accepting the demands of the students.
68. Clip ones wing (to weaken the power) Sonia Gandhi clipped the wings of
some ministers by withdrawing the powers delegated to them.
69. Close shave (A narrow escape) His family had a close shave in the bus accident.
70. Cloven hoof (symbol of disgrace or evil intention) Usually some or other
leader of the BJP shows cloven hoof to the BJP leadership.
71. Cock a snook (to show impudent contempt) He refused to accept the award,
cocking a snook at the Filmfare Award jury.
72. Cock sure (very sure and certain) I am a cock sure, we will win the match.
73. Cold reception (not a hearty welcome) We were very unhappy when we
were given cold reception at his marriage party.
74. Come across (meet by chance) I came across a problem when I was solving the question.
75. Come home to (to understand) At last, it came home and we got the correct answer.
76. Come in handy (to be useful) This opener comes in handy when we need
to open this container.
77. Come to a pass (A difficult situation) The accident came to pass due to the
negligence of the driver.
78. Come true (to prove true) My dreams have come true as I have got selected.
79. Cool ones heels (to be kept waiting) We sat down and cooled our heels for the
minister who didnt turn up.
80. Corporal punishment (bodily punishment) Corporal punishment is banned in schools.
81. Count chickens before they are hatched (to anticipate profit before hand) Dont
dream of profit now as it is futile to count your chickens before they are hatched.
82. Cross ones mind (to occur to oneself) I was resting when suddenly a new
idea crossed my mind.
83. Curry favour (to win favor by flattery) Many developing countries curry favour with America.
84. Curtain lecture (A private scolding by wife to her husband) Dont tell me that
your father has never got any curtain lecture in his wife.
85. Cut both ends (to argue in support of both sides of the issue) Mahesh always
cuts both ends and hence he has neither friends nor does.
86. Cut the Gordian knot (to solve a difficult problem) The national leaders cut the
Gordian knot by making India a secular country.
87. Cut throat (tough) We face cut throat competition in every field.
88. Damp squib (complete failure though earlier thought to be exciting) The
performance of team India turned out to be a damp squib.
89. Dance attendance upon (to be in servile attitude all the time) The mother-in-law
wanted the lady to dance upon her.
90. Dark horse (unexpected winner) An unknown independent candidate came out
as a dark horse after the election.
91. Days of reckoning (A time when the effects of ones past mistakes or misdeed catch up with one)
You have been manipulating the account for a long time. Now days of reckoning have come.
92. Dead broke (penniless) Due to recession he has become a dead broke.
93. Die Hard (intimately resistant to change) he is a diehard fan of Dev Anand.
94. Dig ones own grave (to do something which causes you harm) you are digging
your own grave by writing your password in your diary.
95. Dog's life (very miserable life) due to uncheck inflation, the poor are living a dogs life.
96. Double dealing (deceitful actions) the double meaning of the lawyer was
exposed by a sting operation.
97. Double edged sword (act that will harm oneself as well as others) - corruption is a
double edged sword for the public as well as the government.
98. Down and out (lacking funds, resources or prospects) she was down and out
when her factory was burnt to the ground.
31
99. Down in the mouth (filled with melancholy and despondency) she was down
in the mouth when she saw her husbands dead body.
100.Draconian law (extremely severe law) There are still many draconian laws
under developed countries.
101.Draw the longbow (to tell large stories or to exaggerate) - come to the point.
Dont draw a longbow.
102.Drawn battle/match (A battle or match in which no party wins) the drawn battle
created a lot of excitement till the last ball.
103.Drop in the ocean (very in significant amount) - my knowledge about
archaeology is only a drop in the ocean.
104.Ducks and drakes (to waste money) I cannot allow you to play Ducks and
drakes with my hard earned money.
105.Dutch courage (bravery under alcoholic influence) his Dutch courage will
vanish when he will gain his sense.
106.Easy money (bribe) - many officers make easy money.
107.Eat ones word (to admit that something you said in the past was wrong) those
who said that Amitabh Bachchans charm was over had to eat their word after the
success of Kaun Banega karodpati.
108.Egg on (to urge somebody to do something that is generally wrong) - she and
me on to drive faster.
109.Eke out (to support with difficulty and effort or to add) - he is trying to eke out
an income by doing overtime.
110.Elixir of life (nectar of life) contentment is the elixir of life.
111.Enough and to spare (plentiful) he earns enough and to spare.
112.Ever and anon (now and then) the night was dark and we could hear the
howling of dogs ever and anon.
113.Every dog has his day (good Fortune comes sooner or later) when he
bagged 3 movies in a row, he realized that every dog has his day.
114.Every inch (completely) - she is an honest person by every inch.
115.Eye wash (ineffective remedy which is just for show) - The committee set up to
look into the multiple scams was just an eye wash.
116.See eye to eye (showing agreement / to agree) - the two competitors never see Eye To Eye.
117.Face the music (to face opposition) every leader has to face the music if he
does not fulfill promises made by him.
118.Fan the flame (to aggravate) I dont want to fan the flame of the tension
between the husband and the wife.
119.Few and far between (very rare) The houses in this remote village are few and far away.
120.Fight to the finish (to fight to the end) when she was blamed and sued without
any rhyme or reason, she pledged to fight the case to the finish.
121.Fish in troubled waters (to take advantage of the difficulties of others) Many
lawyers dont hesitate from fishing in troubled waters.
122.Fit to hold a candle to (match for, equal in quality) He is such a miser that he is
not fit to hold a candle of such a lavish reception.
123.Flash in the pan (something or someone that became successful quickly and is unlikely to be repeated)
The success of Kumar Gaurav in his debut movie Love storys was a flash in the pan.
124.Flesh and blood (human nature or physical existence, together with its
weaknesses/substance and depth in artistic portrayal) The movies of late seventies
lacked flesh and blood with their ketchup blood and round the tree romance.
125.Flog a dead horse (to waste ones energy) Trying to reform a terrorist is like
flogging a dead horse.
126.Fly in the face of (to defy/to brave / to withstand) The theory about the
existence of heaven and hell flies in the face of all logic and common sense.
127.Fly into a passion (to be enraged) he flies into a passion within seconds if
someone ignores his instructions.
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128.Fools errand (A fruitless mission or undertaking) many projects of
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq were fool's errand.
129.Foot the bill (bear expenses) you had ordered this tasteless pizzas. Now you
will have to foot the bill.
130.For good (for ever) he educated him and sent him America for good.
131.For the rainy day (precaution for emergency) - I have kept some money in the
bank for the rainy days
132.Foul play (treachery) - foul play destroys the fun of life.
133.French leave (leave without information) if you take French leave, you will be fined.
134.Gain ground (to progress / advance) due to miss governance by the
ruling party, the opposition is gaining ground.
135.Gentleman at large (wealthy man with time on his hands) here he was, talking like a
gentleman at large who was free to come and go and wrong about the world at pleasure.
136.Get down to brass tacks (discuss the basic facts or realities / to deal with the matters
straight) after avoiding the thorny question of tax reforms for months, the ruling party
finally got down to brass tacks last week and drafted preliminary proposal.
137.Get into a scrape (find oneself in a difficult or awkward situation) by signing
the bond he will get into a scrape.
138.Get the better of (to overcome) at last he got the better of his problems and opponents.
139.Get wind of (to know the Secret) the opposition got the wind of the plants of the ruling party.
140.Gird up the loin (to be well prepared for some difficult task) if we all goes up
the loin, we can remove illiteracy.
141.Give a wide berth (to give ample space or distance to avoid and unwanted
consequence) being an understanding father, you should give a wide berth to
your son and wait for the right time to talk to him.
142.Give cold shoulder (pay no attention to) - she went to the police for help but they
gave him cold shoulder.
143.Give somebody enough rope (to hello someone to do what he wants to, knowing
that he will probably fail or get into trouble) dont stop him. Give him enough rope
to hang. He will be rejected for his poor performance and will return home.
144.Give the devil his due (even the wicked person should be given the credit due to him)
in spite of being so rude, he helped me in need. The devil should be given his due.
145.Give up the ghost (to die) - my grandfather give up the ghost last Sunday.
146.Give vent to (to Express one's Thoughts or feelings) - every Indian is free to
give vent to his thoughts.
147.Wool gathering (to engage in fancy full day dreaming) - work hard. Wool
gathering will not help you in any way.
148.Go back on ones word (to change one's mind about / repudiate) she has
decided to do charity and she should not go back on her word.
149.Go broke (become bankrupt) he has gone broke and is unable to make both ends meet.
150.Whole hog (whole way / completely) she went the whole hog and checked the
account of the whole month in one go.
151.Golden opportunity (very favourable opportunity or chance) - she missed
the golden opportunity by declining the offer.
152.Greenhorn (an inexperienced or immature person, especially one who is easily deceived)
he incurred heavy loss because he relied on the green horn who was his own nephew.
153.Hang in balance (have two equal possible results / be uncertain) after the opposition party
won the election, whether or not the new Highway will be built, hangs in the balance.
154.Hang over ones head (to have something bothering or worrying one) he
committed suicide because troubles and Court cases hung over his head.
155.Hard and fast (definite) there is no hard and fast rule for solving these numericals.
156.Harp on the same string (to keep on talking on the same topic) some best
people have the habit of harping on the same string.
33
157.At the nick of time (at the last possible moment) I reached the examination hall
at the nick of time.
158.Heart and soul (with complete faith and dedication) - he has put heart and soul in his work.
159.Heart to heart (very frankly) the two friends had a heart to heart talk as they
met after many years.
160.Henpecked husband (admirer of ones own wife in a servile manner) - every boy
boasts, I will never become a henpecked husband.
161.Himalayan blunder (A serious mistake) he committed a Himalayan blunder by
leaving for work without his bodyguards and was shot dead.
162.Hit the nail on the head (to act in the right way) - you have hit the nail on the
head by making the bid at the right time.
163.Hold good (valid / applicable) rule of triple talaq doesnt hold Good even
in the Islamic countries.
164.Hold ones ground (to stand firm) - The Indian soldiers held their ground to the end.
165.Hold ones jaw (to stop talking) - Please hold your jaw else I shall go away.
166.Hold the fort (to stand firm on ones position) - Our soldiers held the fort and
proved their valour.
167.Hold the scales even (to be impartial) - The Judge must hold the scales even.
168.Hold water (to stand up to critical examination, & Your argument does not hold water.
169.Hot water (trouble) - Your cousin is in hot water due to his controversial speech.
170.In a fix (in a difficult mental state) - He was in a fix when he saw his mother in ICU.
171.In a tight corner (in difficult situation) - I found myself in a tight corner when I
lost my journey ticket.
172. In doldrums (to be depressed) - He was found in doldrum when he could not
succeed even in his third attempt.
173. In embryo (immature/ in the making) - My plan of expanding my business is still in embryo.
174. In no time (in a very short time) - He can solve any mathematical problem in no time.
175. In ones teens (from thirteen to nineteen years of age) - A person in his teen is
spirited, full of dreams and optimistic.
176. In the air (in circulation/ in peoples thoughts) - News of his cold blooded murder
is very much in the air.
177. Down in the dumps (unhappy, depressed) - He is down in the dumps after his fathers death.
178. In the family way (pregnant) - She has applied for leave as she is in the family way.
179. In the good books of (to be in favour with a person) - People usually flatter
their boss to remain in their good books.
180. In the jaws of (in the grip of) - The boy was in the jaws of the kidnappers.
181. In the limelight (at the centre of attention) - Film stars are habitual of
remaining in the lime light.
182. In the lurch (in a difficult and embarrassing position) - when the experiment
failed, the sub-ordinates left the eminent scientist in lurch.
183. Melting pot (a place where immigrants of different cultures or races form an
integrated society) - With immigrants from all over the world getting an easy
passage to India, our country is becoming a melting pot.
184. In the red (in debt) - The company is in the red due to its unfeasible projects.
185. In the teeth of (in opposition to or defiance of/facing danger or threats) - The
tribe was in the teeth of starvation.
186. In the twinkling of an eye (in a moment/in no time) - The house came down in the
twinkling of an eye.
187. To fish in troubled waters (to take advantage of the problems of others) - Many
self-centred lawyers fish in troubled water.
188. For all intents and purposes (for all practical purposes) - This dictionary is
useful for all intents and purposes.
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189. Snake in the grass (a secret enemy) - Politicians playing caste based politics
are snakes in the grass.
190. Keep abreast of (not to fall behind) - We must keep ourselves abreast
of the latest development in technology.
191. Keep an eye on (to watch) - It is very necessary for us to keep an eye on our growing children.
192. Keep an open table (to entertain all) - It is not very difficult to keep an open table in a party.
193. Keep at an arms length (to keep at a distance) - You must keep bad habits at arms length.
194. Keep at bay (To keep someone at a distance) - He held the police at bay with a
gun for several hours.
195. Keep body and soul together (to be able to pay for just those things that you need in
order to live) - They can barely keep body and soul together on what he earns.
196. Keep the pot boiling (to keep going on actively) - One has to keep the pot boiling
inspite of all odds one has to face in life.
197. Keep up appearance (to keep ones prestige/to maintain outward show) -
Inspite of being a bankrupt, he is able to keep up his appearance.
198. Kick ones heels (wait impatiently to be summoned) - The whole day we
kicked our heels outside the court room.
199. Kick the bucket (to die) - He kicked the bucket and left his family in extreme financial difficulty.
200. Kill the fat calf for (to arrange a lavish reception for someone) - India killed the
fat calf for the Common Wealth Games.
201. Kiss the dust (to be humiliated) - In Indo-Pak war our enemies had to kiss the dust.
202. Knock against (to hit against) - I couldnt see the transparent door and knocked against it.
203. Lapped in luxury (brought up in luxury) - Great people are generally not lapped in luxury.
204. Laugh in ones sleeves (to laugh secretly) - Our neighbours laughed in their
sleeves when they saw my grand father wearing a pair of fashionable googles.
205. Lead by the nose (to lead someone by coercion/ to guide someone very
carefully) - I had to lead him by the nose to the meeting. He will never find his
way through the admission form unless you lead him by the nose.
206. Lead to the altar (to marry) - He promised her to lead her to the altar.
207. Leap in the dark (to do something though there is uncertainty about the
outcome) - To play lottery is to leap in the dark.
208. Leave no stone unturned (to make all possible efforts) - He worked very hard to
pass the Civil Services Exams and left no stone unturned.
209. Leave one in the lurch (to leave one in difficulties) - He kicked the bucket and left
his family in the lurch.
210. Let by-gones be by-gones (to forget old things) - India and Pakistan must start
bi-lateral talks and let by-gones be by-gones.
211. Lick the dust (to get defeated) - The team licked the dust in the final match.
212. Lie in wait (wait in hiding to attack) - The policemen were lying in wait for the kidnappers.
213. Live in an Ivory tower (where one can be aloof from the realities of life) - The
queen lived in an ivory tower and did not know the meaning of poverty.
214. Long and short (all that can or need be said) - The long and short of the whole
discussion will be made available to all in black and white.
215. Look down upon (To hate a person) - I hate those people who look down upon the poor.
216. Lose the day (to be defeated) - My favourite football team lost the day.
217. Make a fortune (To grow rich) - He made a fortune by selling smuggled goods.
218. Make after (to pursue or chase)& The people made after the chain snatcher and caught him.
219. Make amends (to compensate) - He had to make amends for his bad behavior.
220. Make head or tail of (to understand) - The doctor could not make the head or tail of his illness.
221. Make ones mark (to achieve distinction) - India has made its mark in the field of technology.
222. Make out (to understand) - I could not make out what he was saying.
223. Make up the leeway (struggle out of a bad position, especially by recovering lost time) -
The Government will have to make up the leeway by taking remedial actions immediately.
224. Make up ones mind (To determine) - She has made up her mind to divorce her
cruel husband. 35
225. Make a clean breast (to confess especially something bad or illegal) - After months of
lying about the money, he decided to make a clean breast of it and tell the truth.
226. Man in the street (common man) - The life of a man in the street has become
very difficult because of rising price.
227. Man of iron (man with strong will-power) - Nothing can deter a man of iron .
228. Meet half-way (to be prepared for compromise) - We were ready to meet the other
party half way and settle all litigation.
229. Milk of human kindness (human compassion) - Milk of human kindness is
necessary for the existence of humanity.
230. Narrow circumstances (hard days/ poverty) - After his fathers death, he is
living in narrow circumstances.
231. Neither chick nor child (no child) - She feels very lonely because she has
neither chick nor child.
232. No love lost (having no love) - There is no love lost between these two
neighbours who are fighting an endless court case.
233. Nook and corner (at every place) - I searched for my book at every nook and
corner of the house.
234. Oil someones hands (to bribe) - We should stop oiling the officials hands.
235. Beauty is only skin deep (physical beauty is not important) - She took a wrong decision
by not marrying this gentleman. She doesn't know that beauty is only skin deep.
236. On and on (to continue) - She went on and on but nobody listened to her.
237. On the horns of a dilemma (to face a difficult situation between two problems) - The
demolition drive has put many shops on the horns of a dilemma because if they do not shut
down, their shops will be sealed and if they do, they lose their means of livelihood.
238. On the wrong side of (ones age being more than) - He is on the wrong side of fifty now.
239. Open secret (known to all) - He is bankrupt and this is an open secret now.
240. Order of the day (some common things of the time) - Following new fashion is the
order of the day.
241. Out of the wood (out of difficulties) - At last India came out of the
wood and got independence.
242. Pay one back in ones own coin (tit for tat) - The person doing wrong should be
paid back in his own coin.
243. Pell mell (very fast and not organised) - Every thing was done pell mell as we
got the order at the eleventh hour.
244. Petticoat-Government ( undue influence of women) - Petticoat-government
may adversaly influence your whole project.
245. Pick holes in (to find fault with) - My boss has the habit of picking holes in our performance.
246. Pin prick (troubles that are for short time) - We should ignore such pin pricks
and get on with the job.
247. Play a double game (to act dubiously) - My friend was playing a double game.
248. Play fast and loose (be unreliable) - How can you trust a man who plays
fast and loose changing his statement every minute?
249. Play one false (to deceive) - He played her false and married again.
250. Play ones cards well (to do the correct things to achieve a desired result) - If
you play your cards well, you will get selected..
251. Play the fool (to act foolishly) - Why do you play the fool when it comes to spending money?
252. Pocket an insult (to bear insult) - Indians had to pocket much insult during
their fight for Independence.
253. Poison ones ears against (to set a person against another) - She has poisoned
the ears of my mother-in-law.
254. Past master (an expert) - He is a past master in cheating others.
255. Pour oil on troubled waters (to pacify the anger of others) - He solved the matter
by pouring oil on troubled waters with his good behaviour.
36
256. Pull the string (to exercise secret influence) - When I saw extreme level of red-
tapism in the organization, I had to pull my strings to get my work done.
257. Pull to pieces (to criticise severely) - The leader of opposition has pulled the
ruling party to pieces.
258. Put an end to (to finish) - She has put an end to her unfeasible ideas.
259. Put pen to paper (to start writing) - In my board examination I put my pen to
paper without wasting a second.
260. Put the saddle on the right horse (to blame the really guilty person) - The court
put the saddle on the right horse and passed the right order.
261. Put to the sword (to kill,) - Nadir Shah put even children to the sword.
262. Put up with (to tolerate) - Maharana Pratap could not put up with insult.
263. Rank and file (lower middle class people) - The extra-ordinary speeches of the
great orators cannot be appreciated by the rank and file.
264. Red rag to a bull (something that will surely produce a violent reaction) - The racial
comments against the Indians proved to be a red rag to a bull and the riot took place.
265. Rise to the occasion (to show that you can deal with a difficult situation) -
Mahatma Gandhi rose to the occasion and dared the British.
266. Roll up ones sleeves (to be prepared for hard work) - We will have to roll up our
sleeves as the time of examination has come.
267. Rub shoulders with (to meet and spend time with) - He claims to have rubbed
shoulders with Salman Khan during his journey to Sydney.
268. Run down (reduced in health/to criticize) - I was worried because she looked run
down. Do not run down your friends in public.
269. Run short/ Hard up (not proving sufficient, shortage of money/ something) - I am
running short of money these days. If you are hard up, you can come to me.
270. Scratch ones head (to be perplexed) - I scratched my head when I saw the
puzzles in the PO exam.
271. Screw up ones courage (to gather courage) - Working women have to screw up
their courage to handle eve teasing incidents at their working places.
272. Seal of love (kiss) - They validated their marriage with a seal of love.
273. See the light (to be born) - Many female babies are aborted before they see the light.
274. Set price on ones head (to offer reward for killing or helping in the arrest of a
criminal) - The government of America had set price on Osamas head.
275. Show a clean pair of heels (to run away) - The chain snatcher showed a clean
pair of heels and the people were unable to catch him.
276. Sink fast (to deteriorate in quality or condition) - The patient was sinking fast.
277. Slip of the pen (a small unintentional mistake in writing) - The slip of the pen
created a lot of confusion.
278. Snake in the grass (some hidden enemy) - Many leaders are snake in the
grass creating disharmony in the society.
279. Sow wild oats (indulgence in youthful follies) - Mothers always keeps an eye on
their daughters to see that they do not sow wild oats.
280. Square meal (full meal) - A poor person does not get even one square meal a day.
281. Stand in good stead (to be of great service) - Your experience will always stand
in good stead when you join a full time job.
282. Storm in a tea cup (much hue and cry over a little matter) - Do not worry about these silly rows.
They are just storm in a tea cup.
283. Strain every nerve (to make every possible effort) - I strained every nerve to
get out of the problem.
284. Sword of Damocles (an imminent danger) - Terrorism is a sword of Damocles
hanging over the whole world.
285. Take a leaf out of another mans book (to imitate another person) - He has no originality
of thought; he only takes a leaf out of another mans book to make quick money.
286. Take an exception to (to be offended by something) - She took an exception to his joke.
37
287. Take into ones head (to suddenly decide to do some thing, often silly or
surprising) - It took into their heads to get married next sunday.
288. Take pains (to work hard) - She took pains to bring up her children after her husband's death.
289. Take the bull by the horns (to face danger with courage) - Bhagat Singh took
the bull by the horns and bravely challenged the British empire.
290. Take to ones heels (to run away) - when the police came, the robber took to his heels.
291. Tall talk (boasting) - One of my friends Rajesh is famous for his tall talks.
292. The Fourth Estate (the press) - Today the fourth estate can influence the court
proceedings of any case.
293. The knock down price (very low price) - I bought every thing at the mega sale at
knock down prices.
294. Sheet anchor (a person or thing to be relied upon in an emergency) - His uncle
proved to be his sheet anchor after his fathers death.
295. Thick-skinned person (not easily offended, insensitive) - He is such a thick-
skinned person that he laughed when people cursed and abused him.
296. Think lightly (not to be serious about a thing) - Dont think of your married life lightly.
297. Throw light on (to make something easier to understand) I wanted to throw
light on the pitiful life of the bar dancers.
298. Throw mud at (try to make a low opinion of someone by saying unpleasant
things about him) - Companies should think carefully before slinging mud at
someone who may respond with a libel action costing it crores of rupees.
299. Tool in the hands of (under the authority of another) The whole legal system
has become a tool in the hands of the politicians.
300. Turn ones coat (to change ones party) - Some people are so ambitious that
they often turn their coat.
301. Turn the tables (to change the situation completely) - The ruling party had an easy victory in
the last Lok sabha election but inflation and corruption have totally turned the table.
302. Under a cloud (under suspicious conditions) - Ever since the rumours of
corruption started, the former chief minister has been under a cloud.
303. Under the rose (secretly) - He is selling confidential documents under the rose.
304. Under the thumb of (completely under ones power or influence) - He is under the
thumb of his mother and does not listen to the problems of his wife.
305. Upto the mark (up to standard) - I have to watch my staff all the time to keep
them up to the mark.
306. Vexed question (much debated and discussed) - 'Mercy killing should be
granted or not' has become a vexed question.
307. Wash dirty linen in public (to expose private affairs in public) - There is
nothing as bad as washing ones dirty linen in public.
308. Wash ones hand of (to be free from) - Police have washed their hands of the kidnapping case.
309. Wear a long face (to look gloomy) - Inspite of losing his job, he did not wear a long face.
310. Wild goose chase (useless efforts) - Pakistans efforts to grab Kashmir have
proved to be a wild goose chase.
311. Win laurels (to win honours) - Sachin won laurels for India.
38
Confusing Words
WORD MEANING IN ENGLISH
1. Accept To receive a thing
Except Leaving apart or excluding
2. Expect To hope
Suspect To apprehend
3. Adopt To accept / to take another persons child legally
Adept Proficient
Adapt To change accordingly
4. Allude Refer to
Elude To escape
5. Alternate One after another
Alternative Available instead / substitute
6. Aural Of ear
Oral Verbal
7. Access Approach
Excess More than due
8. Averse To dislike
Adverse Unfavorable
9. Advice An opinion
Advise To offer an opinion
10. Affect To influence
Effect Result
11. Apposite Proper
Opposite In front of / contrary
12. Amend To improve
Emend To remove the mistakes
13. Amoral Having no moral sense
Immoral Not conforming to moral standards
14. Antics Tricks
Antiques Ancient pieces of art
15. Appraise Asses the quality/value of
Apprise Inform
16. Allusion Indirect reference
Illusion Deception
17. Beside By the side of
Besides Apart from
18. Bridle Headgear of horse
Bridal Related to bride / bridegroom
19. Beneficial Useful
Beneficiary One who receives benefit
20. Boar A pig
Bore To tolerate or to produce
21. Bought V2 and V3 of buy
Brought V2 and V3 of bring
22. Catch To take hold of something when it is moving
Hold To take hold of something when it is static
23. Childish Foolish
Childlike Innocent
24. Continual Happening repeatedly
Continuous Without break

39
25. Credible Believable
Praiseworthy, honourable
26. Creditable
Censure To criticise
27. Censor Official Licensing of films etc.
Canon Rule
A powerful gun fixed to wheels
28. Cannon
Canvas Coarse cloth
29. Canvass Visit house to get political support.
Cemetery A burial place
30. Symmetry Harmony
Casual Not formal, not taking much interest.
31. Causal Relating to cause
Climactic Relating to climax
32. Climatic Relating to climate
Coarse
Rough
33. Course A line of action
34. Confidant A person who is entrusted with secrets.
Contagious A disease that spreads by contact.
Contagious
Near
35. Infectious A disease that spreads by air or water.
Corps A division of army.
Corpse
A dead body of a large animal.
36. Carcass The dead body of a large animal.
Conscious
To know
37. Conscientious
With a sense of duty.
Complain (V)
To say that something is wrong or not satisfactory.
38. Complaint (N)
A report of a problem.
Complacent
Self-satisfied.
39. Complaisant
Obedient and compliant.
Complement
N-a thing that completes or improves.
40. Compliment
A re mark of admiration.
Custom
Social usage.
41. Habit
Personal usage.
Compose
Make up the whole.
42. Comprise
Career Consist of.
Course through life.
43. Carrier
Credible That which carries.
44. Credulous Believable
Discreet Too ready to believe.
Careful not to cause offence by speech or behaviour.
45. Discrete
Disease Separate, distinct.
Ailment or illness.
46. Decease
Decent Death.
Descent Nice, respectable.
47. Dissent Downward motion.
Dual Difference of opinion.
48. Duel With two parts.
Deface A fight between two persons using guns or swords.
49. Efface Disfigure.

Deny Wipe out.
Decline To declare untrue.
Refuse to accept an offer.
40
Refuse Show unwillingness towards.
Refute Prove wrong.
50. Defy To break the law.
Deify To make someone or something a god.
51. Defuse Remove the tension.
52. Diffuse Spread out; not clear or concise.
Desert N- An area where there is little rain.
53. Dessert Sweet dish eaten at the end of a meal.
Depression Hollow/ A mental state of despair.
54. Depreciation Undervalue.
Depression Impartial.
55. Uninterested Not interested.
Delightful Very pleasant.
56. Delicious Pleasing to taste
Deprecate To hate
57. Depreciate To reduce in value.
Defective Having a certain imperfection.
58. Deficient Lacking something.
Decided Clear and definite
59. Decisive Deciding
Effective Producing effect.
Efficacious Able to produce the desired result.
60. Efficient Competent.
Elicit To get or produce something.
61. Illicit Illegal or disapproved of by society
Economical Existing for a long time.
62. Economic Relating to economy.
Enduring Existing for a long time.
63. Endurable Bearable.
Emigrant A person who leaves his country to settle in anther.
64. Immigrant One who comes to another country
Enormity Extreme seriousness.
65. Enormousness Great in size or scale.
Ensure To make sure
Insure To protect against risk.
Assure To make certain of.
66. Envelop To cover or surround something completely.
67. Envelope A flat usually square paper container for
Especially a letter In particular above all
68. Specially For a special purpose
Excite To arouse feelings of happiness or
Incite enthusiasm. To arouse unpleasant or
69. Expendient violent feelings. Helpful or useful in a
70. Expeditious particular situation. Prompt
Extinct No longer existing
71. Instinct Inborn impulse
Flair Natural ability
Flare A burst of flame or light/to become angry
72. Flaunt Display ostentatiously/to show off
73. Flout Disregard a rule or custom
Fortuitous Happening by change
Fortunate Lucky
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74. Felicity A blessing, happiness
Facility Ease or comfort
Ability/departments of college/the people
75. Faculty
Fatal who teach Deadly
Important but with usually negative effect
76. Fateful
Fain Gladly
77. Feign To pretend to feel something
Floor The flat surface of room on which we walk
78. Ground The surface of earth outside the room
Graceful Handsome or attractive
79. Gracious Merciful
Gate An entrance
80. Gait A particular way of walking
Gourmand A glutton
81. Gourmet A food connoisseur
Hear To receive sound
82. Listen To hear carefully
Hoard
To store in a secret place.
83. Horde A large group of people
Humility
The quality of being humble
84. Humiliation Disrespect
Historic Important
Historical
Relating to history
85. Histrionic Dramatic and exaggerated
Human
Relating to man
86. Humane Kind
Illegal
Against the law
87. Illicit Disapproved of by society
Incredible
Unbelievable
88. Incredulous Not ready to believe something / someone
Ingenious
Clever and in volving new ideas
89. Ingenuous Honest and sincere
Invent
Extreme and forceful
90. Intensive
Involving a lot of effort
Invent
To create something which never existed before
91. Discover
To find something for the first time which nobody was
Industrial
aware of Relating to industry
92. Industrious
Hard-working
Imperious
Haughty
93. Imperial
Majestic, relating to empire
Incumbet
To be necessary
94. Recumbet
Lying down
Jealous
When we are afraid of losing the person / thing we love, we feel jealous
95. Envious
Judicial When we wish we had what someone else have, we feel envious.
96. Judicious Relating to a judge or justice.
Light Wise, Prudent
Verb- to start flames in order to spread light/ Noun-
97. Burn radiance/ Adj- not heavy.
Lightening V- to start flames to destroy something/ N- the
Lightning To make bright/ less heavy/ pale/ less/ serious
Lighting A flash of bright light seen in the sky
The arrangement of lights.
42
98. Loath luctant, unwilling
Loathe To hate
99. Loose Not tight
Lose Be defeated
Loss The state of not in possession of something or having it less
100. Luxuriant than before. Strong in growth
Luxurious Very comfortable and expensive
101. Lovely Beautiful
Lovable Worthy of love
102. Metal A chemical element. Eg-gold, iron etc.
Mettle Ability
103. Metre A unit of length.
Meter A device used to measure the amount of something
104. Negligent that is used. Careless
Negligible Very important
105. Momentary Short-lived
Momentous Very little
106. Minor Underage
Miner One who works in mines
107. Militate To hinder
Mitigate Make less severe
108. Naval Relating to a navy
Navel Small round part in the middle of the stomach.
109. Notable Important and deserving attention.
Notorious Known for bad qualities
Famous Well known
Eminent Well known and respected
110. Official Relating to an office
Officious Too eager to tell others what to do
111. Ordinance A law made by the government
Ordnance Military material such as weapons, ammunition etc.
112. Pane A flat piece of glass used in a window/ door.
Pain Feeling of physical suffering
Pains A lot of efforts.
113. Palate The roof of the mouth/ the sense of taste.
Palette An artists mixing board
Pellet A small ball of any substance
114. Pedal A foot-operated laver
Peddle To sell goods by going from one place to
115. Perpetrate another To commit (a crime)
Perpetuate To cause something to continue
116. Personal Private
personnel Staff
117. Pore Small hole
Pour Flow, cause to flow
118. Practice (N) Regular activity
Practise (V) To do something regularly
119. Practicable Able to be done
Practical/Pragmatic Effective or realistic
120. Prescribe To recommend
Proscribe Forbid or condemn
121. Proceed To continue
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To come before/ happen before.
122. Precede
Popular Liked by all
Thickly populated
123. Populous
Pray To offer prayer to God
Prey
124. Hunt and kill/ victim
Principal
One who is in charge of a school / first in order of
importance Most important basic idea/ moral rule.
125. Principle
Quite Completely/ a little/ Note: both meanings are different from
Quiet each other To be silent
Quit
126. To give up
Respectable
Worthy of respect
Respectful
Showing respect
127. Respective Particular
Resource Means
128. Recourse Resort
Refute Prove to be wrong
129. Repudiate Refuse to accept as true or correct
Regrettable Causing regret, undesirable
130. Regretful Feeling sorry
Rise To get up, to progress
Raise To lift
Raze
Rage To demolish
131.
Ride Anger
To sit on an animal or two-wheeler and travel
132. Drive To travel by a four-wheeler
Rout
Route
To defeat completely and easily
133. Root Path
Septic The underground part of a plant
A medical term involving sepsis
134. Sceptic Doubtful of an idea or belief.
See Perceive with eyes
Look
To direct the eyes in order to see
Watch
Stare To look at something for a period of time/ to keep
Peep an eye on To look continuously for a long time
Glance To see secretly or through a hole
Glimpse To give a quick short look
To see someone very briefly
135. Glower To see angrily
Sever
Amputate To break/ to separate
Maim Cut off a body part that is permanently
Severe damaged To damage any body part
permanently Extreme
136. Sewer
Story Drain
Account of any event
137. Storey
Suit Floor
Soot Action in a law court
138. Suite Black substance in smoke
Statue A set of rooms/ furniture.
139. Statute Image
Straight Written law
Strait
Extending without a curve
Narrow passage of water.
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140. Stationary Not moving
Things needed for writing
141. Stationery
Ability to see/ view.
Sight Site
Cite A place of construction
142. To mention
Shear
To cut off-hair, wool etc.
143. Sheer Utter, complete
Toe Any of the five separate parts at the end of the foot.
Tow
144.
Temper To pull a vehicle using a rope or chain tied to
another vehicle Anger, rage
145. Tamper To interfere with
Temporary
Short lived
146. Temporal Earthly or worldly
Titillate Stimulate or excite especially in a sexual
147. Titivate way To make smarter or more pretty
Topical
Related to present time
148. Tropical With hot climate
Vain
Vein Not successful/arrogant
149.
Tube that carries blood to the heart in
Verbal
our body Relating to words
Verbose
Containing more words than necessary
Oral Spoken
Verbiage Use of too many words due to which it becomes difficult
for one to understand the speech or article
150. Virtuous
Having good moral qualities
151. Virtual In effect, though not in fact
Vile
Wile Immoral
152.
Vale Tricks
Veil Valley
Wail Cover of face
153.
Vocation Weep
Profession
154. Vacation Holidays
Violence
Force
155. Violation Infringement of law
Wither To fade
Whither
Weather Where
Atmospheric condition (of a short period)
156. Whether Whether or is a co-relative
Wave Raised mass of water in sea/ to move
Waive To give up
45
Phrasal Verbs
1. Account for (explain the reason, answer for) I cant account for his unusual behaviour in this matter.
2. Ask after (ask about the Welfare, inquire after) I met your brother at the party, he asked after you.
3. Ask for (request for) she asked for a glass of water.
4. Back out (go back on, withdrawal from promise) he agreed to help but back out at the last moment.
5. Be in for (about to take place (unpleasant)) on account of his bad habits he is in for trouble.
6. Bear away (win) Suhani bore away the first price in the dance competition.
7. Bear on / upon (relevant, (bearing on)) your remarks have no bearing on the main problem.
8. Bear out (support the argument, corroborate) I am sure my classmates will be out my statement.
9. Bear with (to show patience, co-operate) in view of the heavy losses suffered by this company, the
10. shareholders were requested to bear with.
11. Blow out (extinguish) the candle blew out as the gust of wind came in.
12. Blow over (pass off without harm, come to an end) dont worry, the crisis are likely to blow over.
Blow up (explode, start suddenly) the plan of the enemy to blow up the flyover was foiled by the
13. police.
Break down (emotional collapse, stop functioning) while giving evidence in the court, she broke
14. down.
15. Break into (enter by force) the robbers broke into his house last night.
16. Break off (come to an end, unsuccessfully) the talks between India and China broke off.
Break out (spread (war, epidemic, fire, riots)) the fear that aids has broken out in India is not
17. unfounded.
Break through (Discover a secret, major achievement) there is a no hope of breakthrough in the
18. murder case.
19. Break up (terminate) the college will break up next week for summer vacation.
20. Break up with (quarrel) after long and fruitful friendship the two friends broken up with each other
21. Bring about (cause to happen) the administration helped to bring about a peaceful settlement. Bring
out (explain the meaning, publish) when asked to explain, she could not bring out the meaning
22. of the poem.
Bring round (to make one agree, bring to senses) I was able to bring my mother round to my views
23. with great difficulty.

24. Bring up (rear, educate) fathers are beginning to play bigger role in bringing up their children.
25. Call at (visit a place to meet) I called at the residence of my boss yesterday.
26. Call for (necessary, require) for the unity of the country discipline among the people is called for.
27. Call in / call out (send for help) the police work called in without delay by the residents.
28. Call off (suspend or abandon) we decided to call off the strike.
29. Call on (go and visit a person) it is a tradition for the prime minister to call on the president.
30. Call out (ask to come for help) the national Guards has been called out.
31. Call up (to telephone, recall) many of my friends called me up to congratulate me.
32. Call upon (appeal, exhort) he was called upon to prove the correctness of the press reports.
33. Carry away by (lose control) on hearing the news of his success he was carried away by Joy.
34. Carry on (continue) now it is difficult to carry on this business in the teeth of stiff competition.
Carry out (implement, obey, execute) it is not likely that your father will carry out the threat of
35. disintegrating you.
36. Cast Away (throw away as useless) we usually give our servants the old clothes which we Cast Away.
Cast down (dejected, downcast) now a days he is cast down as a result of his failure in the
37. examination.
38. Cast off (release, remove) organisation mast cast off old fashioned practices in order to survive.
Catch up with (make up for deficiency, overtake) he remained ill for many days but caught up with
39. the pending work very soon.
Come about (happen) it is not good that such an unfortunate accident
came about. 46
40. Come across (meet by chance) I came across my old friend in the market yesterday.
41. Come by (get) how have you come by such a precious diamond?
42. Come of (belong to) Rita comes of a family of freedom fighters.
43. Come off (take place as arranged, fade, get separated) I was surprised to see that plaster had come
44. off the walls.
45. Come over (get over, overcome) you can come over your problems by honest means.
Come round (agree, recover from illness) my father at first refused to let me continue study but he
46. came round in the end.

47. Come upon (come across, get by chance) my friend came upon the evidence just by chance.
48. Cope with (manage) they coped with all their problems cheerfully.
49. Cut down (curtail, reduce) since you are out of job these days, you must cut down your expenditure.
50. Cut off (discontinue, die, remove) gas supplies have now been cut off.
51. Cut out for (suitable) he is cut out for an administrative career.
52. Cut out (to take a piece from the whole) he cut out a piece of the cake and put it in my plate. Cut up
(distressed, cut into small pieces) she was cut up because she had been scolded by her
53. teacher.
54. Die down (gradually disappear (riots, excitement, storm etc.)) The wind has died down.
55. Die out (become out of use or existence) he thought that the custom had died out a long time ago.
56. Dispose of (Sell off) she has decided to dispose of her old house.
57. Dispose to (willing, inclined favorably) my friend is disposed to discussing the problems thoroughly.
58. Do away with (eradicate) we should do away with social evils.
59. Do for (serve the purpose) this book will do for the SSC examination.
60. Done with (have no relation) I have done with him because of his dishonesty.
61. Do without (dispense with, to manage without) we cannot do without fan in summer.
62. Done for, done in (be ruined) he appears to be done for since he has lost heavily in gambling.
63. Draw up (to write, compose, draft) I was busy drawing up plans for the new course.
64. Draw on or upon (to get money from) he was able to draw on vast reserves of talent.
65. Drop in (to pay a short visit) I thought I would just drop in and see how you were.
Drop out (retire in the midst of doing something) she could not qualify for the selection as she
66. dropped out while the race was in progress.
67. Fall back (retreat) the rioters fell back when the police arrived.
68. Fall back on (depend on) you must save money to fall back on it in old age.
Fall off (decrease in number, get separated) in the wake of roof tragedy the admissions in the school
69. have fallen off.

70. Fall out (quarrel) two friends appear to have fallen out over a minor issue.
71. Fall in with (agree with) instead of challenging the lie, she fell in with their views.
Fall through (to remain incomplete, fail) for want of sufficient funds your new project is likely to fall
72. through.
73. Follow up (pursue after the first attempt) the idea has been followed up by a group of researchers.
74. Get ahead (go forward) you can get ahead of your Rivals only by hard work.
75. Get along (be friendly) we just cant get along together because of temperamental differences.
76. Get at (reach, understand) it is very difficult to get at the truth etc.
77. Get away (escape) they got away on scooter.
Get away with (without being punished or with little punishment) although His fault was serious, he
78. got away with light punishment.

79. Get on (progress) how is your son getting on with your study?
80. Get on with (live together, pull with) both husband and wife are getting on well with each other.
81. Get over (recover from illness or shock, come over) he is still trying to get over the financial crises.
82. Get through (pass through, succeed) it is not possible to get through examination without labor.
83. Get up (rise from bed, dressed) the woman got up from her chair with the baby in her
arms. Give away (distribute) he has given away jewellery worth thousands of rupees.
47
84. Give in (surrender, agree) at first she was adamant but at last she gave into the request of her
85. friend.
86. Give out (announce verbally, emit) it was given out that she had failed.
87. Give up (stop, abstain from) he gave up smoking to save money.
Give way (collapse under pressure, break) the contractor was charged with negligence when the
88. roof of a new building gave away.
89. Given to (accustomed to) he is given to smoking.
90. Go back on (withdrawal, back out) one should not go back on ones promise.
91. Go down (be believed) your excuse will not go down.
92. Go in for (buy, practice, to enter a contest) I thought of going in for teaching.
93. Go off (explode and be discharged) when he was cleaning his gun it went off and killed him.
94. Go on (continue) there is no need to go on arguing about it.
Go over (examine carefully, look over) on going over the balance sheet of the company the auditors
95. have found serious mistakes.
Go through (read hurriedly, endure) he didnt lend me the newspaper because he was going
96. through it.
97. Go up (rise, increase) as a result of a sharp rise in prices the price of washing soap has gone up.
98. Hand out (distribute) hand out the books to the students.
99. Hand over (give charge or authority) he has not handed over charge to the new manager.
100.Hang about (still waiting, roam about) the boys hanging about girls hostel rounded up by the police.
Hold on (carry on, bear difficulties, persist) in spite of financial difficulties he held on and
succeeded in the long run.
101. Hold out (resist) when the robot ran short of ammunition, they could no longer hold out.
102. Hold over (postpone) most of the bills are held over till the next session of the Parliament.
103. Hold up (to stop in order to rob, delay) the terrorist held up the motor car and kept
the ladies as hostages.
104. Jump at (accept happily) he jumped at the offer of his boss to accept the job abroad.
105. Jump to (arrived suddenly [conclusion]) you should never jump to conclusions.
106. Keep from (refrain from, not to mix with) always keep from selfish people because
they can have you any time.
107. Keep off (keep at a distance) there was a notice at the site, keep off the bushes.
108. Keep on (continue) she kept on crying in spite of my assurance of help.
109. Keep up (maintain) always try to keep up the standard of life even in the face of crises.
110. Keep up with (try to move with, not to fall behind) young man should keep up
with the latest development in international field.
111. Lay by (save money) the wise man always lay by money for their old age.
112. Laid up with (confined to bed) she is not going out as she is laid up with the flu.
113. Lay down (establish a rule, sacrifice, surrender) the conditions laid down by the
department of health violated by the nursing homes.
114. Lay off ( to discontinue work , dismiss temporarily) the workers have been laid off for raw material
115. Lay out (play building, garden) A number of gardens were laid out by the Moghuls.
116. Let out (humiliate, to lower down) we should never let down our friends.
117. Let into( allow to enter) after repeated requests he was let into the classroom
118. Let off ( to free from punishment, pardon) she was let off by the principal punishment
119. Let ( somebody) in on ( share a secret) I will not like her in on my plans
120. Let up( cessation, respite) there is no let up in heat during may
121. Live on( depend for food ( staple food) The lion is carnivorous and lives on flesh
122. Live by( means/ manner) you must learn to leave by honest means
123. Live off ( source of income) they were living off rental income
124. Look about ( in search of, on the way) the thirsty crow was looking about what are here and there
125. Look after( take care of) in her old age she has no one to look after her
48
126. Look at( see carefully) The boy are looking at the sky
127. Look back on( to think of the past) People can offer look back and reflect on
happy childhood memories
128. Look for (search for a lost think) She was looking for her lost book
129. Look down upon (hate, despise) it is folly on your part to look down upon the poor student
130. Look into ( investigate the merger) A committee was set up to look into the problem
131. Look on ( to see as a spectator) His parents looked on with a triumphant smile
132. Look over( examine carefully, go over) the examiners has yet to look over practice note books
133. Look out( watch out, carefully, beware) look out, there is a snake under the bush
134. Look out for( in search of , on the watch) he is looking out for a decent job
135. Look to( reply upon ,be careful) the poor look to financial help from the government
136. Look up( consult some book for a word, rise) please look up this world in the dictionary
137. Look up to( respect) his younger brother look up to him and obey his every order
138. Look account( consider, regard) he must look upon social evils as nuisance
139. Make up with/away with( run away, destroy) they made off with the cash and fled
140. Make out( understand the meaning) the police could not make out the coded
message they intercepted
141. Make over (transfer possession, convert) since she had no legal heir, she made
over her house in charity.
142. Make up (to end (quarrel), compose) you should make an effort to make up a
quarrel with your friend.
143. Make up for (compensate for) after her long illness she is trying her best to
make up for her deficiency in study..
144. Pass away (die, expire) on the passing away of his father I sent him message of condolence.
145. Pass for (regarded to be) the TATAs pass for philanthropists in the country.
146. Pass off (take place) the elections are likely to pass off peacefully.
147. Pass oneself off (show off) the hypocrites always pass themselves off as honest persons.
148. Pass through (go through, undergo, endure) he is passing through financial difficulties these days.
149. Pass out (leave after completing education) the cadets will pass out next month
after completing their training.
150. Pull down (demolish a structure) why did they pull the shops down?
151. Pull off (succeed) India pulled off victory in the last stage of the match.
152. Pull up (stop, Scold) the students were pulled up by the principal for their
misbehavior with the class teacher.
153. Pull through (recover from illness) I think she will pull through her serious illness very soon.
154. Pull with (live together, get on with) he is pulling well with his wife these days.
155. Put down (Crush, keep down) the riots were put down by the local police.
156. Put off (postpone, avoid, discourage) the meeting had to be put off because the
president could not come.
157. Put on (wear, pretend) it is difficult to put on the appearance of Innocence for a long time.
158. Put out (extinguish) the fire was put out suddenly.
159. Put up (stays, question) he is putting up at a hostel these days.
160. Put up with (tolerate patiently) for an honorable person it is difficult to put up with
the haughty behavior of the directors.
161. Round up (arrest) the police rounded up antisocial elements last night.
162. Run after (pursue, hanker after) we should not run after money.
163. Run down (criticize, poor health) as a result of long illness she has run down a lot.
164. Run into (come across, meet by chance) while walking along the roadside, I
ran into my old schoolmates.
165. Run out (come to an end) when the rations ran out, the head office was informed.
166. Run over (Crush under) he was Run over by a speeding car.
49
167. Run through (waste money) it is a pity that he has run through his fortune over
gambling and drinking.
168. See off (to escort a guest for his departure) his friends were present at the station to see him off.
169. See through (Discover something hidden, motive) man has grown so clever that it
is difficult to see through his tricks.
170. Send for (summon) she sent for a doctor when her husband fell ill.
171. Set about (start doing) as soon as she reached home, she set about calling up her friends.
172. Set aside (allocate, Strike down, turn down) the High Court set aside the verdict of
the Lower court in this sensitive matter.
173. Set in (begin) as soon as the summer sets in, the reptiles come out of hibernation.
174. Set off (to start a series of events, process, improve) privatization has set off
the process of liberalization in foreign trade.
175. Set up (establish) the factory was set up by his uncle.
176. Set forth (start on a journey, explain) the party will set forth its views on
globalization at a public rally.
177. Set out (start on a journey, set forth) no sooner was the hunter informed of loin's
presence in the forest than he set out.
178. Sit back (relax) he believes that he has the right to sit back while others should work hard.
179. Sit up (stay out of bed, stay up) she sat up till her son returned.
180. Stand by (support, help) although he promised to stand by me in difficulties, he
did not live up to it.
181. Stand for (represent) T.E.C stands for technical education certificate.
182. Stand out (to be conspicuous) she stood out from the ground because of her amiable manners.
183. Stand up for (defend) it is your duty to stand up always for the poor.
184. Strike off (remove from the list) his name has been struck off the admission list.
185. Take after (resemble) she always reminds me of her mother since she takes after her mother.
186. Take down (write) she was busy in taking down the dictation which the teacher was giving.
187. Take off (remove, leave the ground, improve) it is difficult for Indian economy to
take off in the absence of heavy investment.
188. Take over (take up responsibility) the agency tried to take over another company.
189. (Be) Taken to (form a habit) he took to wearing black leather jackets.
190. Take up (start a hobby study, occupy) he has taken up modelling as a career..
191. Tell upon (affect adversely) I have warned him that heavy work will tell upon his health.
192. (Be) taken in (be deceived) for all your intelligence you are likely to be taken in by imposters.
193. Take for (supposed to be, identify) I took the scoundrel for a noble person.
194. Taken aback (be surprised) I was taken aback to hear of the news of his failure.
195. Talk over (discuss a matter) agreed to go home and talk over the matter.
196. Turn down (reject, strike down) I turned down the request of my friend to go to Shimla.
197. Turn off (stop, switch off) please make it a point to turn off water tap before you go out.
198. Turn on (switch on, start) she turned on the shower to take bath.
199. Turn over (change, capsize, upset) the boat turned over and 10 persons were drowned.
200. Turn out (proof, reveal, expel) nothing ever turned out right for me in life.
201. Turn up (arrive, take place) who can say what will turn up next?
202. Watch out (look out, careful) if you do not watch out, he might harm you.
203. Wipe away (cleanse, remove) the marks of blood were wiped away by the accused.
204. Wipe out (destroy completely) we must try to wipe out poverty from the country.
205. Wind up (bring to an end) we were forced to wind up the business on account of heavy loss.
206. Work out (solve the problem) he is very intelligent and can work out any difficult problem.
207. Work up (incite, instigate) the politicians should not try to work up communal Frenzy.
208. Work upon (influence) the leader tried to work upon the mob.
50
Reading Comprehension
Dear student,
This is the topic, in which your understanding of English language is examined. You cannot
develop or improve understanding by mugging up rules or any trick. The process of developing better
understanding of any language needs active involvement of the person i.e. you. You can involve yourself
(means can use a language) in 4 ways i.e. reading, listening, speaking (thinking) and writing. And all or
some of these exercises must be done on a daily basis for improving understanding.
Right now your understanding of English may be Weak, Average or Strong. If it is
average or strong then you must practice previous year passages (obviously after completing
this chapter) for further improvement. But if you are weak in understanding portion, it means
your basics of English language understanding are weak. And best way to strengthen your
basics is to start with English textbooks of NCERT from class I to class X (either download
PDFs from ePathshala app or buy from book shops) and read them regularly. It wont take
much time if you read some chapters daily. And if you are planning to go with this method
then, for more benefit, also note down the difficult words from those books (in the way as I
told for developing vocabulary). Thats all from my side. Best of luck for your future .
Passage-1
All of us have enormous capabilities. In many of us however, our achievements failed to correlate with
our potential, because of lack of Self Discipline- the effort needed to channel your energy for productive
uses. To maximise your effectiveness you must learn to put your nose to the grindstone, work against
boredom and learn to take the long, Hard Way in life rather than the short, easy way. Here are few
suggestions that focus on how to do what you want to do. Take risks. It is important to Reliance that
nothing in life is achieved unless you risk something. Thats how self-confidence develops. Every chance
you take office your valuable spinoffs in terms of learning. Earn a reward. Sometime back I had to face
the rather unenviable task of preparing for two examinations simultaneously. I had to be ruthless Im
driving myself from one goal to another hard-nosed attitude show me sail through the courses. I
recorded myself at the end of it indulging in my favourite past time and taking a short holiday.
1. Why do our achievements fail to correlate c) It helps us to learn
with our potential? d) It shows us our limitation
a) Because of lack of Intelligence 4. How does the author reward him after his
b) Because of lack of discipline success?
c) Because of lack of external help a) By taking a short holiday
d) Because of lack of Self Discipline b) By Doing more work
2. How does ones self confidence develop? c) By visiting friends
a) By taking risks d) By thanking God
b) By always meeting with success 5. What does the author try to convey?
c) By being cautious a) One has to be complacent his present self
d) By being garrulous b) One has to work hard at least from
3. What does every chance in our life teach failures
us? c) Only born genius success in life
a) It helps us to become philosophical d) One has to believe in luck
b) It helps us to become idealistic dacab
Passage-2
For months the old tanker, African queen, lay turned over on her side, stuck fast in the sands off the coast
of Maryland. She had run aground so badly that her owners had decided to leave her to her fate. It was
considered impossible to refloat her and the ship began to rust and sink deeper and deeper into the
Sands. Men frequently came out in small boats and removed any parts that could be sold- until two men
decided to attempt the Impossible: to float the African queen once more. Both men were engineers and
51
had no experience of ships so that few people thought they could succeed. The men began by
studying the exact state of the African queen and came to the conclusion that she would float again
and air were pumped into tanks which were now full of seawater. A diver was sent down to examine
the underside of the ship. In the cold, dark water he found an enormous hole in her side which had
been torn when the ship ran aground. It was plain that nothing could be done until the hole was
repaired. As no single sheet of steel would cover it, the men were obliged to order a great number
of sheets which had to be joined together. For several weeks divers worked continuously to close
the hole. At times, the sea was so love that it was difficult to go down; and on more than one
occasion comma they had to contend with the sharks. At last the hole was covered and the men
began to pump the sea water out of the ship's tanks. It seemed as if they were bound to succeed,
for when the tanks were full of air, the African queen began to stir in the water. The men could not
understand why she still would not float until they discovered that her rudder was embedded in
mud. Huge cranes were brought haul the sunken rudder out and the ship was again afloat. By this
time, the men were almost exhausted. They had worke d ceaselessly for three months to save the
African queen and had succeeded when everyone thought they would fail. Now they stood on the
bridge of the ship, tired but proud, as tugs brought the African queen into the harbour.
1. Men frequently went out to the African Queen because

a) It was a rare site to see a sunken ship
b) The attempted to float the ship once again
c) they wanted to take parts of the ship and sell them
d) It was an interesting exercise
2. How did the two men propose to float the ship again?
a) By sending divers to examine the damage
b) By closing the large hole in her side
c) By joining a large number of steel sheets together
d) By pumping air into the tanks.
3. What was the danger which the divers faced?
a) The rough sea
b) The cold and dark situation under water
c) Having to contend with sharks
d) The cutting edges of the Steel sheets
4. The two man felt proud because
a) They could float the ship in 3 months
b) They had succeeded when everyone thought they would fail
c) The African Queen was coming in to the harbour
5. The part of the ship used for steering is called
a) Rudder
b) Bridge
c) Underside
d) Tank cdcba, bacbd

Passage-3
The Indians as a group are not cohesive. There is a lack of coordination among individuals, groups,
Institutions and States. This lack of coordination may be traced to selfishness, lack of trust and inability
to find joy in working together as a team for a common goal. This leads to divisiveness, asking for
criticism, with the result images are tarnished and the main purpose is defeated. This phenomenon is
visible among the bureaucrats, the politicians, the intellectuals, the business community and the sports
fraternity, all those who matters and who give a poor account of themselves as a group despite
52
individual brilliance. This contrast in human behaviour can perhaps be traced to age old beliefs, religious
tolerance, poverty and the diversity in day-to-day living conditions.
1. Why are the Indians not cohesive as a c) Visible
group? d) Tarnish
a) There is a lack of coordination between 4. To what can the contrast in human
individual behaviour be traced to?
b) There is a lack of coordination among a) Age old beliefs and diversity in day to day
individuals, groups and States living
c) There is a lack of coordination between b) Age-old beliefs and religious tolerance
individuals and States c) Age old beliefs, religious tolerance,
d) There is a lack of coordination among poverty and diversity in day to day living
individuals comma groups, Institutions and d) Nothing in particular
States 5. What does goal' in this passage mean?
2. What does lack of coordination lead to? a) The place where the ball has to pass in
a) divisiveness the football match
b) Divisiveness and asking for criticism b) The object of ambition
c) Asking for criticism c) A point scored by a particular team in a
d) Nothing in particular football match
3. Which word in the passage means loss of d) The poles fitted at the end of a football
brightness or dull? field
a) Brilliance dbdcb
b) Phenomenon
Passage-4
Speech is a great blessing but it can also be a great curse for while it helps us to make our intentions and
desires known to ourselves, it can also if we use it carelessly make our attitude completely
misunderstood. A slip of tongue, the use of an unusual word or of an ambiguous word main create an
anime where we had hoped to win a friend. Again different classes of people use different vocabularies
and the ordinary speech of an educated man may strike an uneducated listener is showing Pride;
unwillingly we may use a word which bears a different meaning to our listeners from what it does to
men of our own class. Thus speech is not a gift to use lightly without thought but one which demands
careful handling, only a fool will express himself alike to all.
1. Speech is a great blessing, 4. The passage reveals that
a) If we use it indiscriminately a) The use of ambiguous and unusual words
b) If we use it carefully brings us friends
c) If we use it to please others b) Careless use of words creates enemies
d) If we use it to play One against the other c) Careful use of words may bring us profit
2. Speech can also be a great curse but not friends
a) If we express ourselves alike to all d) Speech always reflects ones attitude
b) If we adopt different vocabularies to 5. A fool will express himself alike to all kinds
different classes of people and conditions of the men because
c) If we always try to please everyone with it a) He want to play with people
d) If we always try to win friends with it b) He want to deceive everyone
3. A slip of tongue means c) He wants to amuse everyone
a) Biting the tongue while speaking d) Helix the power of discrimination in the
b) Telling lies to defend oneself use of words
c) Using words carefully
d) Incurring loss of profit in hasty bargain bacbd
Passage-5
A small band of biologists share a dream to find species of sea or land animals hitherto
completely unknown or to discover living examples of animals thought to have died out
ages ago. Finds made in this 53

century encourage these dreamers, whose field is aptly named cryptozoology literally, the science of
hidden animals.
Size and habitat are often responsible for an animals having been overlooked. Not surprisingly,
a bumblebee size bat that lives in caves in Thailand eluded detection until 1973. But larger animals in
less remote sites have also remained hidden. Herds of a species of peccary supposedly extinct since the
last ice age, for instance, were found in Paraguay in 1975.
Native people sometimes offer scientists useful clues. An unusual feather in a locals hat sparked
the discovery of a showy African peacock in 1936, and accounts of giant lizards on the Indonesian island
of Komodo proved not to be mere myth when naturalist P.A. Ouweus identified four of the creatures
captured in 1912. As cryptozoologists follow such leads into little-explored areas, they remain optimistic
that it is not too late to uncover sensational surprise.
1.Myths refer to -------- a) 1936
a) love stories b) 1973
b) historical stories c) 1912
c) legends d) 1975
d) traditional stories involving 7.An unusual feather in a locals hat sparked the
supernatural beings or events discovery of a showy African peacock in -----
2.A bumblebee-size bat that lives in caves in -
Thailand was discovered a) 1936
a) 1973 b) 1973
b) 1936 c) 1975
c) 1912 d) 1912
d) 1975 8.Giant lizards on the Indonesian island of
3.---------- still look forward to discovering Komodo were discovered in --------------
sensational surprises. a) 1975
a) P.A. Ouwens b) 1936
b) The natives c) 1912
c) The naturalists d) 1973
d) A small band of biologists 9.It is the ------- of the cryptozoologists that
4.Often the cryptozoologists get a lot of leads keep their dream alive.
from---------------- a) spirit
a) native people b) finding
b) the animals size and habitat. c) love for adventure
c) myths. d) curiosity
d) legends. 10.Often ------- responsible for an animal having
5.The dream of the cryptozoologist is to find----- been overlooked
---------- a) the uniqueness of the animals
a) species of sea or land animals hitherto themselves Is
completely unknown b) the resigning nature of the scientists
b) all of the given options themselves is
c) living examples of animals thought to c) size and habitat are
have died out ages ago. d) unexplored areas remain
d) hidden, supposedly extinct animals
6.Herds of a species of peccary supposedly cadac, dacbc
extinct since the last ice age were
discovered in
Passage-6
One conspicuous question in the modern journals is: How can I develop personality? Ursula Bloom gives
this noteworthy advice to young people: Please do not do as I did, at your age, and waste years copying
other people, Of old, to the same question asked by Greek youth, Socrates replied: Know
yourself! That was excellent advice; but it did not satisfy, because it did not go far enough.
54
When Roman youth questioned Marcus Aurelius, he said: Be yourself! To the
youth of our atomic age, the psychologist says: Develop yourself! That is the answer to
the question; what is personality? Personality is the development of oneself.
1. The development of oneself------the c) A definitive answer
question on, what is personality? d) No answers
a) Gives an unsatisfactory answer to 4. The Greek philosopher Socrates promoted -
b) Does not give a satisfactory answer to ------
c) Satisfactory answers a) tested knowledge
d) Partly answers b) self- knowledge
2. Marcus Aurelius preached to the c) referred knowledge
Roman youth of his day to-------- d) borrowed knowledge
a) Express themselves 5. Ursula Bloom propagated that young
b) Understand themselves people should --------
c) Be themselves a) copy others
d) Know themselves b) not copy others
3. The question on personality c) not waste years
development has-------- d) give adviceccabb
a) No definitive answers
b) Correct answers
Passage-7
My lodge is nothing but a dark, tiny hut made of palm fronds, with a bunch of damp
branches and a swarm of flies through a whole in the wall of leaves. I see a patch of cleared earth in
the rainforest: the stage of Cicinnurus magnificus, the magnificient bird of paradise. The birds loud
call, Kyeng, Kyeng has been ringing since dawn, announcing the males imminent performance.
But his feathered female spectators have not show yet. Perhaps they are out window-shopping,
taking a good look around until they find the most resplendent specimen.
I hear a fluttering and look up. A magnificus is enthroned on a branch about 2m above the
stage: an iridescent-green breast shield, bright orange- red wings and a lemon-yellow cape with a
furry brown collar. The feat and hill are a sparkling sky-blue, which also covers the eyelids and
extends down to the neck. He plucks off a few leaves to let in more light and optimize eye-contact
with his audience. Finally, he drags the freshly fallen leaves away from catwalk.
1.The most resplendent specimen means. d) a piece of twig used by the bird in
a) bright and colourful its performance.
b) beautiful and gentle 4.The cicinnurus magnificus is:
c) appalling and ugly a) the magnificient bird of paradies.
d) extravagant and gaudy b) a patch of cleared earth in the
2.The bird performs for: rainforest
a) no one c) a place where his hut is located
b) the author d) the stage in the rainforest
c) sheer enjoyment 5.The synonym for optimize
d) female birds is a) to make best use of
3.An iridescent-green breast shield means. b) to improve vision
a) a shield worn by the bird to c) to see clearly
protect itself. d) to enlarge
b) the bright, colourful feathers of
the bird. adbaa
c) a description of the surroundings.
Passage-8
The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce
a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of womens
55
assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected.
This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented
toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. The
difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations.
A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending
equality in this direction. Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still
be based on functional equivalence, not identity or even similarity of task. Opportunities seem
certain to arise. The growing emphasis on deterrence is bound to offer increasing scope for
women to become involved in novel types of noncombat military assignments.
1.Which sentence is an incorrect one?
a) the recent change to all voluntary armed forces in US will produce a gradual
increase in the proportion of women.
b) The difficulty is that women are likely to be trained for any direct combat operation.
c) Opportunities seem certain to arise
d) The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct
combat operation 2.A suitable title for the passage might be
a) Current status of women in US military
b) Current status of women in US navy.
c) Current status of women in US airforce.
d) Current status of women in US teaching service.
3.According to the passage, despite the United States armed forces commitment to
occupational equality for women in the military, certain other factors preclude women
a) being assigned all of the military tasks that are assigned to men
b) drawing assignments from a wider range of assignments
than before c) having access to positions of responsibility
d) receiving equal pay for equal
4.The passage implies which of the following is a factor conducive to a more equitable
representation of women in the United States armed forces than has existed in the past?
a) The all-volunteer character of the present armed forces.
b) The past service records of women who had assignments functionally equivalent
to mens assignments.
c) The level of awareness on the part of the larger society of military issues
d) An increased decline in the proportion of deterrence oriented non combat
assignments. 5.The primary purpose of the passage is to
a) Present an overview of the different types of assignments available to women.
b) analyze reforms in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces necessitated
by the increasing number of women in the military
c) present the new United States all-volunteer armed forces as a model case of equal
employment policies in action
d) present a reasoned prognosis of the status of women in the new United States all-
volunteer armed forces
6.Which of the following is closest in sense to the word novel used in the passage?
a) new
b) prosaic
c) dull
d) boring
7.It can be inferred from the passage that after the recent
change a) some join willingly, some are forced
b) everyone joins the military under compulsion
c) men are forced, women join willingly
d) everyone joins the military willingly
8.The word opportunities used in the passage may be replaced
by all except a) openings
b) failures
56
c) scope
d) prospects
9.It can be inferred from the passage that
a) the change to all-volunteer armed forces took place many years ago
b) opportunities for women in military are certain to decline
c) the Government sanctions equal pay for equal work
d) the society encourages increased participation of women in direct combat
10.The dramatic gains for women and change in the attitude of a significant portion of the larger
society are logically related to each other in as much as the author puts forward the latter as
a) the major reason for absence of the former
b) a public response to achievement of the former
c) a reason for some of the former being lost again
d) a pre condition for any prospect of achieving the former baaad, adbcd
Passage-9
Entrepreneurship is the modern-day philosophers stone: a mysterious something
that supposedly holds the secret to boosting growth and creating jobs. The G20 countries
hold an annual youth-entrepreneurship summit. More than 130 countries celebrate Global
Entrepreneurship Week. Business schools offer hugely popular courses on how to
become an entrepreneur. Business gurus produce often contradictory guides to
entrepreneurship: David Gumpert wrote both Burn Your Business Plan!.
But what exactly is entrepreneurship apart from a longer way of saying enterprise. And
how should governments encourage it. The policy makers are as confused as the gurus. They
assume that it must mean new technology; so they try to create new Silicon Valley. Or that it is
about small businesses; so they focus on fostering start-ups. Both assumptions are misleading.
Silicon Valley has certainly been the capital of technology-based entrepreneurship in recent
decades. But you do not need to be a geek to be an entrepreneur. George Mitchell, the Texas oilman
who pioneered fracking, did as much to change the world as anybody in the Valley. Nor do you
need to be a conventional innovator. Miguel Davila and his colleagues built a huge business by
importing the American multiplex cinema into Mexico. Their only innovation, says Mr Davila, was
putting lime juice and chili sauce on the popcorn instead of butter.
Equally, there is a world of difference between the typical small-business owner (who
dreams of opening another shop) and the true entrepreneur (who dreams of changing an entire
industry). Jim McCann, the creator of 1-8 00-flowers. com, is an entrepreneur rather than just a
florist because, when he opened his first shop in 1976, he looked at the business with McDonalds
eyes, as he put it, and labored for years to build the worlds biggest flower-delivery business.
These misconceptions matter because they produce lousy policies. The world is
littered with high-tech enclaves that fail to flourish. Malaysias biotech valley has been
nicknamed Valley of the BioGhosts. The world is also full of small- business department that
fail to produce many jobs. The Kauffman Foundation, which researches such matters, has
shown that the bulk of new jobs come from a tiny sliver of high-growth companies.
Daniel Isenberg has spent 30 years spent in the world of entrepreneurship as a (sometimes failed)
entrepreneur and venture capitalist as well as an academic (he previously taught at Harvard Business
School and is now at nearby Babson college). He has also travelled the world accumulating examples- he
is just as interested in Icelands generic-drug industry as in Silicon Valleys giants. In a new book,
Worthless, Impossible and Stupid, he presents a new definition of entrepreneurship. In essence,
entrepreneurs are contrarian value creators. They see economic value where see heaps of nothing. And
they see business opportunities where others see only dead ends.
57
There are plenty of striking examples of this: Mo Ibrahim, the founder of Celtel, saw the
possibility of bringing mobile phones to Sub-Saharan Africa when telecom giants saw only
penniless peasants and logistical nightmares. On a trip to Tobago Sean Dimin and his father
Michael observed that fishermen were leaving tonnes of fish to rot, so they created a company, Sea
to Table, to get the surplus fish to New York restaurants. As a student at Harward Business School,
Will Dean noticed that social media were irritating a fashion for extreme sports. So he established a
company, Tough Mudder, that charged people to subject themselves to pain and humiliation.
Mr. Isenberg emphasizes that successful contrarians also need the self-confidence to defy
conventional wisdom (Mr. Deans professors told him that he was crazy) and the determination to
overcome obstacles (it took the Dimins two years to get the fishermen to change their habits). Indeed
some of the entrepreneurs are distinguished more by their ability to achieve the impossible than by the
originality of their thinking. TCS is essentially a Pakistani version of FedEx. But to get it going, Khalid
Awanhad had to overcome insuperable problems such as striking deals with the gangs that controls
the haulage industry and sweet-talking the politicians who can shut a new company at the drop of a hat.
Mr. Isenberg has two important bits of advice for policymakers who genuinely want to foster
entrepreneurship. First, they should remove barriers to entry, and growth, for all sorts of business,
rather than seeking to particular types of clusters. Second, they should recognize the importance of
profit motive. There has been much fancy talk of social entrepreneurship-harnessing enterprises
to do good deeds- but in truth the main motivator for entrepreneurs is the chance of making big
money. This is what drives people to take huge risks and endure years of hardship. And this is what
encourages investors to take a punt on business ideas that, at first sight, look half crazy.
Politicians and bureaucrats do not just confuse entrepreneurship with things like -
technology, small business- they also fail to recognize that it entails things that set their teeth on
edge. Entrepreneurs thrive on inequality: the fabulous wealth they generate in America makes the
country more unequal. They also thrive on disruption, which creates losers as well as winners.
Joseph Schumpeter once argued that economic progress takes place in cracks and leaps
rather than infinitesimal small steps because it is driven by rule breaking entrepreneurs. It might
be nice to think that we could have growth and job-creation without a good deal of Schumpeterian
cracking. But, alas, some thoughts really are worthless, impossible and stupid.
1. Miguel Davila and his colleagues built a (d) Both C and A

huge business by importing the American (e) All A, B and C
multiplex cinema into Mexico. Their only 3. What according to Daniel Isenberg is the
innovation was new definition of entrepreneurship.
a) Putting effort with new ideas and goals a) Entrepreneurs are contrarian value
b) Putting lime juice and chili sauce on the creators.
popcorn instead of butter. b) Entrepreneurs are those who makes
c) To imitate the path of successful efforts to earn.
entrepreneurs c) Entrepreneurship is the modern day
d) To be a conventional innovator philosphers stone.
e) None of these d) Entrepreneurship is a mix of optimism
2. Which of the following statement (s) is/are and pessimism.
true in the context of the given passage. 4. As per the contents in the passage, what are
A) The policymakers assume that important bits of advice by Mr. Isenberg for
entrepreneurship must mean new policymakers who genuinely want to foster
technology and hence they try to create entrepreneurship?
new Silicon Valleys. A) Policymakers should remove barriers to
B) David Gurmpert has written How to entry and growth, for all sorts of business.
Really Create a Successful Business Plan. B) Policymakers should recognize the
C) The policymakers assume that importance of profit motive.
entrepreneurship is about small business. C) Policymakers should focus on social
(a) Only A entrepreneurship.
(b) Both A and B a) Only A
(c) Both B and C b) Only C

58
c) Both A and B c) bet
d) Both B and C d) unit of
e) All A, B and C money
5. What in your opinion should be the e)punnet
most appropriate title of this passage? 8. ACCUMULATE
a) Entrepreneurship is the modern a)amass
day philosophers stone. b) ascertain
b) Entrepreneurship is nothing but c) accoutre
innovation. d) make
c) Entrepreneurship and global familiar
approach. d) How to become a C
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e) Sean Dimin a) use
Choose the word/group of words which is b) control
most similar in meaning to the word/group of c) let go in vain
words printed in bold as used in the passage. d) hark
7. PUNT e) harass
a) a shallow boat 10. CONVENTIONAL
b) kick a) traditional
b) unconventional
c) additional Passage -
d) controllable 10
e) modern
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The m o st im por t an tar e plat for m ss er vice st hat h ost star t u ps off er in gs a nd m ar ket th em , a nd the n ther e ist hei nter net ,th em ot her o fall pla tf or m s,wh ich isn ow fas t,u niv er sal an d wir el ess. Star t ups ar e a llt ho ug ht ofa sex per im e nts on to po fs uc hpl atf or m s,te sti ng au tom a ted in b usi ness an d ot her wal ks ofl ife.S om ewill wor k ou t,m an ywill n ot. Thr o ug ht his com bin ati on al i nn ova tio n s tar t -u ps ar e
59
doing what humans hpve always done; apply known techniques to new problems. Technology has
fuelled the entrepreneurial explosion in other ways too. Thanks to the web, information about how
to establish and run startup has become more accessible and more uniform. Global standards are
emerging for all things startup, from programming tools to term sheets for investments, dress
code and vocabulary, making it easy for entrepreneurs and developers to move around the world.
Economic and social shifts have provided added momentum for startups. The prolonged economic
crisis that began in 2008 has caused many millenials- people born since the early 1980- to abandon
hope of finding a conventional sense for them to strike out on their own. According to a survey of
people aged between 18 and 30 in 27 countries, more than two thirds see opportunities in becoming
an entrepreneur, signaling a cultural shift. Start-ups run on hype, things are always awesome and
people overexcited but failure can be devastating. Being an entrepreneur often mean having no
private life, getting little sleep which may be one reason why fewer women are interested. More
ominously, start-ups today offers a preview of how large swathes of the economy was organized
tomorrow. This pattern is already emerging in such sectors as banking telecommunications,
electricity which governments are increasingly supporting.
11. Which of the following is authors main objective in writing the passage.
a) To outline the difficulties in launching start-ups and dissuade entrepreneurship
b) To enumerate the environmental factors which should be fostered to help
entrepreneurship flourish
c)To access the explosive growth of start-ups and their significance for the future.
(1) Only B and C
(2) Only C
(3) Only A and B
(4) All A, B and C
(5) Only A
12. According to the passage, which of the following is an outcome of current
environment regarding start-ups.
a). Conventions regarding operation of start-ups are being devised.
b). Startups are growing too slowly thereby putting the economy at risk.
c). Startups are increasingly falling as they lack government funding.
d). Fierce competition among start -ups has resulted in a drop of prices and quality of digital services.
e). It has resulted in the collapse of political regimes in many countries.
13. Which of the following can be said about combinational innovation.
a). People with entrepreneurial spirit and complementary skills come together to
create innovative products.
b). It is an easy process, requiring little investment and success is guaranteed.
c). It is a system of management techniques to provide feedback to startups and help
these run efficiently.
d). It is a process of identifying needs and using existing means to innovatively address these.
e). It helps nurture startups by identifying appropriate accelerators for entrepreneurs.
14. What do the statistics regarding youth reveal.
a). Unemployment is rampant and youth are increasingly disillusioned with governments.
b). There is a change in mindset towards more unconventional employment opportunities.
c). They are keen to attain the huge benefits of start-ups but reluctant to work towards them.
d). They do not put stock in conventional formal education but are drawn to setting up startups.
e). Other than those given as options.
15. What does the author want to convey through the phrase software is eating the world.
a). Just as evolution wiped out lower species, technology will wipe out human beings
if not deployed judiciously.
b). The focus on technology is too much and will create tremendous job losses.
c). Software is changing existing dynamics from industries to the way we interact.
d). Industries and people have become so dependent on digital power that they are
vulnerable to crimes.
60
e). Software poses a threat as huge amount of personal data and information may be misused.
16. Which of the following can be inferred in the context of the passage?
a) Digital technology has created endless possibilities for new products and businesses.
b) The know-how to set up startups is easily available.
c) The spread of startups is being positively viewed by governments.
d) Accelerators try to equip entrepreneurs with the capabilities to be successful.
e) All the given statements can be inferred in the context of the passage.
17. Choose the word which is most nearly the same in the meaning EVOLVED given in bold as used in the
passage.
a) Nurtured
b) Inclined
c) Advanced
d) Increased
e) Produced
18. Choose the word which is most nearly the opposite in the meaning OMINOUSLY given in bold as
used in the passage.
a) Inauspiciously
b) Favourably
c) Understanding
d) Worryingly
e) Confidently
19. What is the authors view of the future of the startups?
a) He is a wary of startups as these are experimental and not enduring organisations.
b) He is reconciled to startups being the way of the future and to the change that will occur.
c) He feels the startups are too dependent on feedback and hence doomed to fail.
d) He is of the opinion that startups are detrimental to customers personal wellbeing.
e) Infringement of others intellectual property rights will be a huge issue jeopardizing the future of
startups.
20. Which of the following is a reason for the reluctance to take up entrepreneurship?
a) Vulnerability during economic downturn.
b) New difficulty in acquiring mentors.
c) Vast financial investments in infrastructure.
d) Risks involved and sacrifices to be made.
e) Lack of diverse workforce. baaba, ecbba

Passage-11
Gross Domestic S avings (GDS) play a vital role in the growth of a country since it facilitates to
provide requisite financial resources to undertake various developmental and welfare programs. A
high level of savings helps the economy to progress on a continuous growth path as investment is
mainly financed out of the country. GDS is one of the important economic indicators to measure
financial regulation and soundness of the country. Absence of required savings rate may lead to
external dependence which may jeopardize the interests of the Nation.
Saving habit is an in-built culture of the Indian system and it has been growing consistently over
the years. The GDS percentage to GDP has shown considerable improvement from 10% in 1950 to 33.70%
in 2010, which is one of the highest globally. It is interesting to know that while the share of corporate
sector increased from 10% to 24% during 1950 to 2010, the share of public sector has come down to 6%
from 18% during the said period. The buoyancy of corporate sector in post reform era could be one of the
reasons for increased share of corporates in GDS. While there is increasing trend in saving rate, marginal
decline is observed under household sector i.e. 72% to 70%.
Notwithstanding the fact that the share of household savings to GDS is showing decline,
still this segment is significant contributor to GDS with 70% share Indian households are among the
most frugal in the world. However, commensurate capital formation has not been taking place as a
lions share of household savings are being parked in physical assets compared to financial assets.
61
The pattern of disposition of savings is an important factor in determining how the
saved amount is utilized for productive purposes. The proportion of household saving in
financial assets determines the channelization of savings for investment in other sectors
of the economy. However, the volume of investment of saving in physical assets
determines the productivity and generation of income in that sector itself.
Post -Independent era witnessed a significant shift in deployment of household savings
especially the share of financial assets increased from 26.39% in 1950 to 54.05% in 1990may be on the
account of increased bank branch network across the country coupled with improved awareness of
investors on various financial / banking products. However, contrast to common expectations, the share
of financial assets in total household savings has come down from 54.05% to 50.21% especially in post
reform period i.e. 1990 to 2010 despite providing easy access and availability of banking facilities
compared to earlier years, The increased share of physical assets over financial assets (around 4%)
during the last two decades is a cause of concern requires focused attention to arrest the trend.
Traditionally, the Indians are risk-averse and prefer to invest surplus funds in physical assets
such as Gold, Silver and Lands. Nevertheless considerable share of savings also flowing to financial
assets, which includes, Currency, Bank Deposits, Claims on Government, Contractual Savings, Equities.
The composition of household financial savings that the bank deposits (44%)
continue to remain the major contributor along with the rise in the Contractual Savings,
Claims on Government and Currency.
Though there was gradual decline in currency holdings by the households i.e. 13.79% in
1970s to 9.30% in 2007, still the present currency holding level with households appears to be on
high side compared to other countries. The primary reasons for higher currency holdings could be
absence of banking facilities in majority villages (5.70 lakh villages) as well as hoarding of
unaccounted money in the form of cash to circumvent tax laws. Though, cash is treated as financial
assets, in reality, a major portion of currency is blocked and become unproductive.
Bank deposits seemed to be the preferred choice mainly on account of its inbuilt features
such as Safety, Security, and Liquidity. Traditionally, the Household sector has been playing a
leading role in the landscape of bank deposits followed by The Government sector. However, the
last two decades has witnessed significant shift in ownership of Bank Deposits. While there was
improvement in Corporate and Government sectors share by 8.30% and 7.20% respectively during
the period 1999 to 2009, household sector lost a share of 13.30% in the post reform period.
In the post-Independence era, Indian financial system was characterized by poor infrastructure
and low level of financial deepening. Savings in physical assets constituted the largest portion of savings
compared to the financial assets in the initial years of the planning periods. While rural households were
keen on acquiring farm assets constituted consumer durables, gold, jewellery and house property.
Despite the fact that the household savings have been gradually moving from physical
assets to financial assets over the years, still 49.79% of household savings are wrapped in
unproductive physical assets, which is a cause of concern as the share of physical assets to
total savings are very high in the recent years compared to emerging economies, This trend
needs to be arrested as scarece funds are being diverted into unproductive segments.
Of course, investment in Real estate sector can be treated as productive provided
construction activity is commenced within reasonable note that many investors just buy
and hold it for speculation leading to unproductive investment.
India has probably the largest fascination with gold than any other country in the world
with a share of 9.50% of the worlds total gold holdings. The World Gold Council believes that
they are over 18000 tonnes of gold holding in the country. More impressive is the fact that
current demand from India alone consumes 25% of the worlds annual gold output. Large
amount of capital is blocked in gold which resides in bank lockers and remain unproductive.
Indian economy would grow faster if the capital markets could attract more of the
nations savings and channel them into more productive areas, especially infrastructure, If the
Indian market can develop and evolve into a more mature financial system, which persuades
the middle class to put more of its money into equities, the potential is mind-boggling.
62
1. Which of the following is/are true in
the context of the passage? 4. Which of the following are the primary
a) The GDS percentage to GDP has reasons, cited in the passages, for higher
shown considerable improvement currency holdings?
from 10% in 1950 to 33.7% in 2010, a) It is due to large banking network that
which is one of the highest globally. stashes money.
b) The saving rate however shows an b) It is due to absence of banking facilities in
increasing trend, marginal decline is majority of villages and tendency to
observed under household sector. circumvent tax laws for unaccounted
c) The share of financial assets in money.
total household savings have come c) People dont believe in banks and fear
down from 54.05% to 50.21% that government may take their money.
especially in post reform era. d) There is lack of awareness among people
a) Only a about savings in banks.
b) Only a and b e) None of these
c)Only c and b 5. Despite the fact that the household savings
d) All a, b and c have been gradually moving from physical
e) None of these assets to financial assets over the years.
What percentage of household savings is
2. Post -Independence era has witnessed a wrapped in unproductive physical assets?
significant shift in deploying of household a) 45% b) 46.79% c) 58%
savings especially the share of financial d) 49.79% e) None of these
assets increased to 50.05% in 1990. 6. Which of the following should be a suitable
Which of the following is/are supposed to title of the passages?
be prime cause of this shift? a) Importance of Gross Domestic savings
a) It is due to bank branch network b) Growth of Indian Economy
across the country. c) Fascination for Gold
b) Government has made d) Physical assets versus financial assets
arrangements to aware the people. e) None of these
c) It is due to increase in bank branch Choose the word/group of words which is most
network and awareness among nearly the same in meaning to the word/group
investors on various banking products. of words printed in bold
d) Indian economy is growing at 8% 7. Contractual
and people are saving more than earlier a) promising
e) None of these b) agreeing
c) promissory
3. India has probably the largest fascination d) agreeable
with gold than any other country in the e) concord
world. Which of the following is incorrect 8. Commensurate
in regard to this fascination as mentioned a) matching
in the passages? b) commensal
a) India share 9.50% of the total gold c) commemorative
holdings d) unmatching
b) According to the World Gold e) comfortable
Council estimates, there are over Choose the word/group of words which is most
18000 tonnes of gold holding in India. opposite in meaning to the word/group of
c) The current demand from India words printed in bold
alone consumes 25% of the worlds 9. Jeopardize
annual gold output. a) severe
d) A small amount of capital is blocked in b) endanger
gold in banks but is however productive. c) saddle
e) None of these d) safeguard
e) saturate
10. Mind-boggling
a) conscious
63
b) inclined e) unsurprising
c) very difficult dcdbd, acade
d) surprising
Passage-12
For more than three years, Anna Feng didnt tell her husband that they had sunk nearly half of their
savings into the Shanghai stock market. While he thought all their money was safely sitting in bank, the
value of the stocks plunged by almost 75%. But over the past couple of months market has shown signs
of life, and Feng, a 56 -year old retiree, has recoupled half her losses. Shes quality hopeful that maybe
shell make it all back. Everyone seems to be so optimistic about the markets now, she says.
Around the world, stocks have been on a tear. In Asia, for example, The Tokyo TOPIX stock index
hit a 14-year hot last week as a bull run in once-dormant Japan gathered momentum; Mumbai main
equity index hit an all time high in trading early Friday amid Indias continuing economic boom; and
Hong Kong shares reached five- year high while indices in Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney set new
records. And though stocks in Asia, in particular are on fire, they are not alone. From Germany to
Venezuela to South Africa, equity markets in both mature and emerging markets have moved up sharply
this year-and show little sign of slowing.
The underpinning for stocks strong performance, global bulls say, is straightforward. Economic
growth continues to be strong in places where it has been buoyant for several years (the US, China and
India) and is finally picking up in place where it had been notably absent- Japan and parts of old
Europe. Moreover, earnings and corporate balance sheets around the world are as healthy as they have
been in years. In Japan, corporate profits have climbed for four straight years and consumer spending is
rising briskly on the back of declining unemployment. Economists say that Japan is now in a golden cycle.
So, for now, is much of the world. It comes down to very simple macroeconomics, says Subir Gokam,
an economist at CRISIL, Indias largest credit-rating firm. The global economy is growing without much
inflationary pressure.
Is anything wrong with this picture. One very big thing, warn the sceptics. Interest rates are
rising nearly everywhere, and if there is one simple adage that many investment advisers live by, its this:
When rates are high, stocks will die. Indeed, one of the most impressive-or scariest aspects of the
current global bull run is that it has come in the teeth of central-bank tightening, most importantly by
the US Federal reserve, which could slow growth in the worlds key economic locomotive. The Fed has
increased a key short term interest rate -the so called Fed funds rate-15times dating back to June 2004,
and is widely expected to raise it once or twice over the next few months. A brief-recession and the
September 11 terrorist attack in 2001 spurred a prolonged period of very low interest rates. That
boosted US consumption-in Particular the rate-sensitive housing market-and kept the global economy
humming. Not long term rates are now beginning to tick upward: last week the US 30year treasury bond
reached 5.04%, its highest level since late 2004, and the housing market is cooling off- potentially
triggering an economic slowdown as homeowners cut their spending.
1. According to the passage, what makes A) Demand in housing market is gradually
people hopeful about the markets. diminishing.
a) The descent in the value of stocks. B) Retardation in economic growth.
b) The trend of substantial increase in the C) Restrictions imposed by central bank.
value of stocks. (a) A only
c) Safety provided by banks to their (b) B only
deposits. (c) C only
d) Optimism of the stock market players. (d) A and C only
e) The interest rates are going up. (e) All A, B and C
2. What is the impact of increasing long-term 3. Which of the following is TRUE about the
interest rates? comparison between market indices of
64
Mumbai and Hong Kong on one hand and d) Dependent upon the investors
Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney on the other. e) None of the given options is true
a) The indices in the former case are 7. Which of the following is most nearly the
increasing while those in the latter are opposite in meaning to the word BRISKLY
decreasing. given in bold as used in the passage.
b) There is no remarkable trend visible a) Vigorously
between the two sets of indices. b) Efficiently
c) Indices in both the groups have been c) Hurriedly
stable over a period of last five years. d) Insignificantly
d) The market in both the groups of e) Slowly
countries have shown upward trend. 8. Which of the following is most nearly the
e) None of the given options is true. same in meaning to the word skeptic given
4. Which of the following statements is/are in bold as used in the passage.
False in the context of the passage? a) Disbeliever
A) Economic growth in US, China, India, b) Orthodox
Japan and Old European countries started c) Theist
to show a downward trend. d) Philosopher
B) Higher interest rates help boost stock e) Analyst
value. 9. In what way did the terrorist attacks in the
C) Skeptics believe that economic growth is US influence the markets.
a boom from all the angles. a) It led to a brief recession.
(a) All A, B and C b) It increased long-term need for housing.
(b) A and B only c) It helped increased the growth rates on
(c) B and C only housing.
(d) A and C only d) It prolonged the low interest rate regime
(e) None of the given options is true e) None of the given options is true
5. According to the context of the passage, the 10. How do the stock values in Asian countries
spurt in stock markets appears to be compare with that in the other countries of
a) A healthy sign or growing world peace the globe?
b) An indication of eradication of global a) It cannot be inferred on the basis of the
poverty content of the passage.
c) A proof of a negligible number of people b) There is a general decline in the market
below poverty line indices all over the globe.
d) A transition from under development to c) Markets show a general rise in the indices
enrichment. all over the globe.
e) None of the given options is true d) Markets only in Asian countries have
6. How are the interest rates associated with shown upward trend.
the stocks? e) None of the given options is true.
a) In direct proportion
b) In inverse proportion dedee, ceaac
c) No relation Passage-13
There are various sectors in India that are to be assessed for their strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats.
The total population is over 1 billion which will increase to 1.46 billion by 2035 to
cross China. The huge population will result in higher unemployment and deterioration of
quality. Literacy, in India is yet another factor to be discussed. According to 1991 census,
64.8% of population was illiterate. The major downtrend of education is due to child
labour which has spread all over India and this should be totally eradicated by way of
surveillance and a good educational system implemented properly by the Government.
Pollution is one more threat to the environment and for the countrys prospects. This has been
experienced more in urban areas mainly in metropolitan cities. The water pollution by the sewage
seepage into the ground water and improper maintenance will lead to various diseases which in turn will
65
affect the next generation. In most of the cities there is no proper sewage disposal. The Government has
to take effective steps to control population which, in turn, will minimize the pollution.
Poverty questions the entire strength of Indias political view and minimize the energetic way of
approach. The shortfall of rains, enormous floods, unexpected famine, drought, earthquake and the
recent tsunami hit the country in a negative way. The proactive approach through effective research and
analytical study helps us to determine the effects in advance. Proper allocation of funds is a
prerequisite. In developed countries like U.S., Japan precautionary methods are adopted to overcome
this, but it has to be improved a lot in our systems.
Increased population is one of the major reasons for poverty and the government is unable to
allocate funds for basic needs to the society. India has nearly 400 million people living below poverty line
and 90% of active population is in informal economy. The children are forced to work due to their
poverty and differential caste system. They work in match industry for daily wages, as servants,
mechanic, stone breakers, agricultural workers etc. To prevent child labour, existing laws which favour
the Anti Child Labour Act should be implemented by Government vigorously.
Most population results in cheap cost by virtue of the demand supply concept. Most of the
foreign countries try to utilize this factor by outsourcing their businesses in India with a very low capital.
According to U.S., India is a knowledge pool with cheap labour. The major advantage is our
communication and technical skill which is adaptable to any environment. The cutting edge skill in IT of
our professionals helps the outsourcing companies to commensurate with the needs of the customers in
a short span. The major competition for India are China and Philippines and by the way of an effective
communication and expert technical ability, Indians are ahead of the race. The major metropolitan
states are targeting the outsourcing field vigorously by giving various amenities to the outsourcing
companies like tax concession, allotting land etc., to start their business in its cities without any hurdles.
Thereby most of the MNCs prefer India as their destination and capitalize the resources to maximize
their assets. Infrastructure is another key factor for an outsourcing company to start a business in a
particular city. It includes road, rail, ports, power and water. The increased input in infrastructure in
India is very limited where Chinas record is excellent.
India in earlier days gave more importance to the development of industry and less importance
to other departments. But the scenario has quite changed now-a-days by allocating a special budget of
funds for security. This is because of the frightening increase in terrorism all around the world especially
emerging after the 9/11 terror attack in U.S. In the last ten years, budget towards the development of
military forces is higher when compared to others. It shows that the threat from our neighbouring
countries is escalating. India has to concentrate more on this security factor to wipe out the problem in
the way of cross-border terrorism.
Making India a developed country in 2020 is not an easy task. India has to keep I check a variety
of factors in order to progress rapidly. To quote China as an example is that they demolished an old
building to construct a very big port to meet future demands, but India is still waiting for things to
happen. The profits gained by India through various sectors are to be spent for the development and
welfare of the country. Indias vision for a brighter path will come true not only by mere words or
speech, but extra effort is needed at all levels to overcome the pitfalls.
1. Which of the following according to the a) To improve security in order to counter
author, is/are a result(s) of increased increasing terrorism
population in India? b) As the security in India over the past ten
A) Pollution years was grossly inadequate
B) Poverty c) As the U.S. too has strengthened its
C) Unemployment military forces after the 9/11 attack
a) Only A d) As the industry is developed enough and
b) Only A and B is not in needs of any more funds
c) Only B e) None of these
d) Only A and C 3. What is the authors main objective in
e) All A, B and C writing this passage?
2. Why, according to the author, has the a) To exhort the Government to garner
Indian Government allotted more funds to support from its neighbouring countries
strengthen the military forces?

66
b) To suggest to the Government to
follow Chinas example blindly thereby c) Only a and b
bringing about rapid development d) Only a and c
c) To highlight the plight of the poor e) None of these
d) To discuss the problems of child 7. Which of the following, according to the
labour and suggest suitable remedies author, is a result of poverty in India?
e) To bring forth the problems associated a) Lack of a robust security system
with the Indias development and to b) Child labour and the resulting dearth of
suggest measures to counter them educated youth
4. Why according to author, is India one of c) Floods, famines and other calamities
the favourite destinations for d) Rapid increase in population
investment by outsourcing companies? e) None of these
a) Shorter response time for 8. How according to the author can the effects
clients b) Better technical skills of floods, famines, drought, etc be
c) Availability of cheap labour minimized?
a) Only c a) By limiting pollution thereby reducing the
b) All a, b and c chances of such events taking place
c) Only b and c b) By educating the children about the ill
d) Only a and b effect of such calamities who in turn will
e) Only a help during the time of need
5. Which of the following is/are true in c) By following the U.S system of providing
the context of the passage? relief to its citizens
a) India leads the way in the amount d) By allocating proper funds for research
invested in the development of which can predict the outcome of such
infrastructure calamities and thus design relief measures
b) Political system in India is not e) None of these
influenced by poverty Choose the word/group of words which is most
c) Indian population would increase similar in meaning to the word/group of words
by approximately 50 percent in the printed in bold as used in the passage.
next twenty five years 9. SURVEILLANCE
a) Only a and b a) Spying
b) Only b b) Cameras
c) Only c c) Security
d) Only b and c d) Observation
e) All a, b and c e) Alertness
6. Which of the following is/are the facility(ies) 10. PREREGUISITE
available to MNCs investing in India? a) Result
a) Easy availability of land b) Association
b) Better infrastructure than c) Necessity
China c) Tax Concessions d) Factor
a) Only c
b) All a, b and c e) mystery
eaebc, dbddc
Passage-14
The past quarter of a century has seen several bursts of selling by the worlds governments,
mostly but not always in benign market conditions. Those in the OECD, a rich country club, divested
plenty of stuff in the 20 years before the global financial crisis. The first privatization wave, which built up
from the mid-1980s and peaked in 2000, was largely European. The drive to cut state intervention under
Margaret Thatcher in Britain soon spread to the continent. The movement gathered pace after 1991, when
Eastern Europe put thousands of rusting state- owned enterprises (SOEs) on the block. A second wave
came in the mid-2000s, as European economies sought to cash in on buoyant markets.
But activity in OECD countries slowed sharply as the financial crisis began. In fact, it reversed.
Bail-outs of failing banks and companies have contributed to a dramatic increase in government
purchases of corporate equity during the past five years. A more lasting feature is the expansion of the
67
state capitalism practiced by China and other emerging economic powers. Governments have actually
bought more equity than they have sold in most years since 2007, though sales far exceeded purchases
in 2013. Today privatization is once again alive and well, says William Megginson of the Price College
of Business at the University of Oklahoma. According to a global tally he recently completed, 2012 was
the third- best year ever, and preliminary evidence suggests that 2013 may have been better. However, the
geography of sell-offs has changed, with emerging markets now to the fore. China, for instance, has been
selling minority stakes in banking, energy, engineering and broadcasting. Brazil is selling airports to help
finance a $20 billion investment programme. Eleven of the 20 largest IPOs between 2005 and 2013 were
sales of minority stakes by SOEs, mostly in developing countries. By contrast, state-owned assets are
now the forgotten side of the balance-sheet in many advanced partner of whetstone Solutions, an
adviser to governments on assets restructuring.
They shouldnt be. Governments of OECD countries still oversee vast piles of
assets, from banks and utilities to buildings, lands and the riches beneath. Selling some
of these holdings could work wonders: reduce debt, finance infrastructure, boost
economic efficiency. But government often barely grasps the value locked up in them.
The picture is clearest for companies or company like entities held by central government.
According to data compiled by the OECD and published on its website, its 34 member countries had
2,111 fully or majority -owned SOEs, with 5.9m employees, at the end of 2012. Their combined value
(allowing for some but not all pension-fund liabilities) is estimated at $2.2 trillion, roughly by same
size as the global hedge - fund industry. Most are in network industries such as telecom, electricity
and transport. In addition, many countries have large minority stakes in listed firms. Those in which
they hold a stake of between 10% and 50% have a combined market value of $890 billion and
people .
employ 2.9m The data are far from perfect. The quality of reporting varies widely, as do
definitions of what counts as a state -owned company: most include only central government
holdings. If all assets held at sub-national level, such as local water companies, were included, the
total value could be more than $4 trillion, reckons Hans Christiansen, an OECD economist.
Moreover, his team has had to extrapolate because some OECD members, including America and
Japan, provide patchy data. America is apparently so queasy about discussions of public ownership of
commercial assets that the Treasury takes no part in the OECDs working group on the issue, even
though it has vast holdings, from Amtrak and the 520,000 employee Postal Service to power generators
and airports. The clubs efforts to calculate the value that SOEs add to, or subtract from, economies were
abandoned after several countries, including America, refused to co-operate.
Privatisation has begun picking up again recently in the OECD for a variety of reasons. Britains
Conservative led coalition is focused on (some would say obsessed with) reducing the public debt-to-
GDP ratio. Having recently sold the Royal Mail through a public offering, it is hoping to offload other
assets, including its stake in URENCO, a uranium enricher and its student -loan portfolio. From January
8th, under a new Treasury scheme, members of the public and businesses will be allowed to buy
government land and buildings on the open market. A website will shortly be set up to help potential
buyers see which bits of the governments $337 billion worth of holdings ($ 527 billion todays rate,
accounting for 40% of developable sites round Britain) might be surplus. The government said the chief
treasury secretary, Danny Alexander, should not act as some kind of compulsive hoarder.
Japan has different reasons to revive sell -offs, such as to finance reconstruction after
its devastating earthquakes and tsunami in 2011. Eyes are once again turning to Japan Post, a
giant postal-to-financial-services conglomerate whose oft-postponed partial sale could at last
happen in 2015 and raise{Yen} 4 trillion ($40 billion) or more. Australia wants to sell financial,
postal and aviation assets to offset the fall in revenues caused by the commodities slowdown.
In almost all the countries of Europe, privatization is likely to surprise on the upside as long as
markets continue to mend, reckons Mr. Megginson. Mr. Christiansen expects to three main areas of
activity in coming years. First will be the resumption of partial sell-offs in industries such as telecoms,
transport and utilities. Many residual stakes in partly privatized firms could be sold down further. France
for instance, still has hefty stakes in GDF SUEZ, Renault, Thales and Orange. The government of Francois
68
Hollande may be ideologically opposed to privatization, but it is hoping to reduce industrial stakes to
raise funds for livelier sectors, such as broadband and health.
The second area of growth should be in Eastern Europe, where hundreds of large firms, including
manufacturers, remain in state hands. Poland will sell down its stakes in listed firms to make up for an
expected reduction in EU structural funds. And the third area is the reprivatisation of financial
institutions rescued during the crisis. This process is under way: the largest privatization in 2012 was the
$18 billion offering of Americas residual stake in AIG, an insurance company.
1. Which of the following statement is not true 4. Which of the following statement is not true
in the context of the given passages? in the context of the given passages?
a) The first privatization way which built up a) Japan has to revive sell-offs such as to
from the mid-1980s was largely European. finance reconstruction after tsunami in
b) Governments have actually bought more 2011
equity than they sold in most years since b) China has been selling minority stakes in
2007, though sales far exceeded purchases banking, energy, engineering and
in 2013. broadcasting
c) Today privatization is once again alive c) A second-wave of privatization came in
and well, says Dag Detter. the mid-2000s on OECD, as European
d) Brazil is selling airports to help finance a economies sought to cash on buoyant
$ 20 billion investment programme. markets.
e) None of these d) Australia is to sell financial postal and
2. Which of the following statement is true in aviation assets to offset the fall in revenues
regard to the data compiled by the OECD? caused by the commodities slow down
a) The 34 member countries of OECD had e) All are correct
2111 fully or majority owned state-owned 5. What should be the most appropriate title
enterprises (SOEs) of the passage?
b) In these SOEs there were 5.9 million a) Dawn of Re-privatization in OECD
employees at the end of 2012. b) Gloomy Face of World Economy
c) The combined value of these SOEs is c) Growing Economy of China
estimated at $ 2.2 trillion, roughly the same d) Global Economy slowdown
size as the global hedge-fund industry. e) None of these
a) Only a 6. In almost all the countries of Europe,
b) Both b and c privatization is to surprise, As expected by
c) Both b and a Mr. Christiansen, Which of the following
d) Both a and c is/are to be main areas of activity?
e) All three a, b and c a) Resumption of partial sell-offs in
3. Privatisation has begun picking up again industries such as telecoms, transport and
recently in the OECD for a variety of utilities.
reasons, which of the following statement b) The other area of growth should be in
does not support the above mentioned Eastern Europe
view? c) The other area is the reprivatisation of
a) Britains conservative-led coalition is financial institutions rescued during the
focused on reducing the public debt to GDP crisis
ratio. a) Both a and b
b) Britain is to off-load other assets such as b) Both b and c
its stake in URENCO, uranium enricher and c) Only a
its student-loan portfolio. d) Only c
c) A website will shortly be set to help e) All three a, b and c
potential buyers.
d) Under a new Treasury scheme, members Choose the word/group of words which is most
of the public and businesses will be allowed similar in meaning to the word/group of words
to buy government land and buildings on printed in bold as used in the passages
the open market. 7. Buoyant
e) None of these a) Increasing b) floating

69
c) sinking d) buzzing e) erratic 9. Benign
a) Kind b) gentle
8. Revive c) malevolent d) makeover
a) Review b) make e) bequeathed
c) start again d) revile
e) rewind 10. Offload
Choose the word/group of words which is most a) Get rid of b) online
c) offering d) conserve
opposite in meaning to the word/group of words
e) deserve
printed in bold as used in the passages cacbd
Passage-15
The Wright brothers did not have to look far for ideas when building their airplane, they studied
birds. The act of copying from nature to address a design problem is not new, but over the last decade
the practice has moved from obscure scientific journals to the mainstream. The term biomimicry,
popularized by American natural-sciences writer Janine Benyus in the late 1990s, refers to innovation
that take their inspiration from flora and fauna. Biomimicry advocates argue that with 3.8 billion years of
research and development, evolution has already solved many of the challenges humans now
encounter. Although we often see nature as something we mine for resources, biomimicry views nature
as a mentor. From all around the globe, there are countless instances where natural sources have serve
as inspiration for inventions that promise to transform every sector of society. One such instance
occurred in 1941 when Swiss engineer, George de Mestral was out hunting with his dog one day when
he noticed sticky burrs, with their hundreds tiny hooks, had attached themselves to his pants and his
dogs fur. These were his inspiration for Velcro.
1.The airplane was inspired by 4.What has helped solve many of the challenges
a) animals encountered by man?
b) plants a) biomimicry
c) birds b) evolution
d) flies c) innovation
2.Biomimicry refers to designs that d) invention
a) are inspired by natural things 5.The two instances of biomimicry mentioned in
b) transformed society the passage are
c) are based on scientific engineering a) flora and fauna
d) arise out of mans creativity b) birds and burrs
3.Biomimicry views the natural world as a c) copying and innovating
a) mine for resources d) airplane and Velcro
b) mine field of ideas
c) mentor cacbd
d) source of inspiration
Passage-16
The worlds largest living organism is not the blue whale-which still is the worlds largest living
animal-but Australias prime living animals and prime tourist attraction. Sadly, size notwithstanding, it is
slowly succumbing to the Killer white syndrome, a bleaching disease which has invaded 33 of its 48
reefs. Otherwise brilliantly multicoloured and teeming with a Kaleidoscope of life, the affected reefs have
acquired a deathly white pallor, the result of dying tissues. The bleaching of the reef happened following
the recording of the warmest ever sea water temperature in the area here. Scientists fear that the naturally
gorgeous reef-are endangered and the as yet undiscovered animal and plant species would soon suffer
irreplaceable damage. This is only because of the rising of water temperature.
70
1.Which of the following statements is not true? 2) kaleidoscopic hues facing
a) The Great Barrier Reef is not the worlds 3) brilliant blue colour like the round
largest living mammal whale recede
b) The Blue whale is dying of white 4) sickly white pallor came i
syndrome 4. Scientists main worry is was co
c) The white syndrome is a new that
1)
invitin
ther e will be a fa ll i n t our ism w it h t he r ee fs go ne
bleaching disease chimn

d) The Great Barrier Reef is the 2)
1.
the ble ac hin g wi ll m ak e t he w ater w ar m er
worlds largest living organism 2.Acco

2.33 out of Australias 48 reefs have re
3) oth er en da ng er ed an d u n disc ov er ed flor a an d f au na w ill a lso be dam a ge d
succumbed to 4) a)
fut ur e r es ear ch o n w hit e sy ndr om e wil l s to p
1) the impact of the Blue whale b)

2) the impact of tourism c)
5. The meaning of succumbing is
3) the destructive impact of white 1) giving way to an
d)
syndrome underground passage
4) the bleaching disease affecting 2) giving way to something 2. One
the whales powerful a)
3.The dying reefs acquired a 3) following order b)
1) brilliant and multicolour 4) coming in the way of c)
d)
bcdcb 3. It w
ex
a)
b)
c)
Russian Arctic and asked the locals. And it gets worse: the Eskimo-Inuit do not live in
igloos. They do not even rub their noses together Hearing this I began wondering what
other myths surround the worlds far flung places.
Shelters made out of snow are indeed constructed and fashioned from snowy
bricks, just as we like to imagine. Except the Eskimo -Inuit rarely lived in them for long
periods and disappointingly, the elders that I met had never heard of them. In truth, these
are coastal peoples who traditionally foraged for driftwood, whalebones, stones and turf
to construct their camps, saving snow-houses for hunting excursions or migrations.
Chameleons also attract numerous myths. While many of them change colour, this is often
less to do with camouflage and more to do with their mood and temperature. A chameleon might, if
too cold, turn a darker shade to absorb more heat. Or it might turn a lighter colour to reflect the sun
and so cool down. Moreover, chameleons often change colour as a signaling device-some such as
the panther chameleon, transform into a vivid orange to scare off predators, while others flash
bright colours to attract a mate. The brighter the colour a mate is able to display, the more
dominant. The brighter the colour a mate is able to display, the more dominant. Thus the act of
standing out can be more important than that of blending in.
1. The author was surprised by the fact that d) protection
a) Eskimos have 500 words for snow 4. A chameleon warms itself by
b) the ingenuity of humans a) residing in bright areas
c) the Eskimo-Inuit do not live in igloos b) turning a darker colour to absorb
d) the Eskimo-Inuit rub their noses together more heat
2. The author discovered that c) matching its colour with the environment
a) igloos are not fashioned from d) adjusting its body temperature with
snowy bricks that of the environment
b) only the Eskimo-Inuit elders live in igloos 5. A male chameleon is believed to be
c) snow houses are reserved for more dominant if
hunting migrations a) he has the colours of the panther
d) the coastal people foraged for fire-wood b) he exhibits vivid orange colour
3. The changing colour of a chameleon c) if he can blend in with the others
is more to do with d) if he displays flashing bright colour
a) camouflage
b) mood and temperature ccbbd
c) transformation
Passage-19
As my train was not due to leave for another hour, I had plenty of time to spare. After buying
some magazines to read on the journey, I made my way to the luggage office to collect the heavy
suitcase I had left there three days before. There were only a few people waiting, and I took out my
wallet to find the receipt for my case. The receipt did not seem to be where I had left it. I emptied the
contents of the wallet, and the railway tickets, money, scraps of paper, and photographs tumbled
out of it; but no matter how hard I searched, the receipt was nowhere to be found.
I explained the situation sorrowfully to the assistant. The man looked at me
suspiciously as if to say he had heard this type of story many times and asked me to describe
the case. I told him that it was an old, brown looking object no different from the many
suitcases I could see on the shelves. The assistant then gave me form and told me to make a
list of the contents of the case. If they were correct, he said, I could take the case away. I tried
to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed and wrote them down.
After I had done this, I went to look among the shelves. There were hundreds of cases there and
for one dreadful moment, it occurred to me that if someone had picked the receipt up, he could easily
have claimed the case already. Fortunately this had not happened, for after a time, I found the case lying
on its side high up in the corner. After examining the articles inside, the assistant gave me the case.
72
I took out my wallet to pay him. I pulled out a ten shilling note and out slipped my
lost receipt with it! I could not help blushing. The assistant nodded his head knowingly,
as if to say that he had often seen this happen too!!
1. The writer had plenty of time to spare c) nestled with the money in his wallet
because d) trapped between the photographs
a) he had arrived three days before in his wallet
b) he had arrived an hour earlier 7. The writer took out his wallet the first
c)he had to collect his luggage time to
d) he needed to buy magazines a) buy some magazines
2. The writer needed the receipt b) look for the receipt
a) to claim his suitcase c) fill out the form given by the assistant
b) to pay at the luggage office d) pay the assistant
c) to prove that he had paid at the 8. The assistant asked the writer to
luggage office make a list of the contents to
d) to prove that he had bought the suitcase a) ascertain his ownership of the case
3. The writer felt foolish because b) test his memory
a) he could not find his receipt c) charge him extra money
b) he hadnt really lost his receipt at all d) embarrass the writer
c)he had to fill in a form 9. I explained the situation sorrowfully
d) the assistant eyed him suspiciously to the assistant means
4. There werent____________ people a) the writer found the situation tragic
waiting at the luggage office b) he explained the situation to the
a) very much assistant who was very sorrowful
b) a great deal of c) with great distress the writer explained
c)lots of his unfortunate situation to the assistant
d) very many d) the assistant found the situation tragic
5. wrote them down means 10. In this passage situation means
a) copied them a) place
b) signed them b) event
c) made a note of them c) condition
d) pointed at them d) position
6. The writer found the receipt
a) on the high shelf near the cases babdc, cbacd
b) among the contents of his suitcase
Passage-20
Two or three days and nights went by: I reckon I might say they swum by, they slid along so quiet
and smooth and lovely. Here is the way we put it in the time. It was a monstrous big river down there
sometimes a mile and a half wide: we ran nights, and laid up and hid daytimes: soon as night was most
gone we stopped navigating and tied up nearly always in the dead water under a towhead: and then cut
young cottonwoods and willows, and hid the raft with them. Then we set out the lines. Next we slid into
the river and had a swim, so as to freshen up and cool off; then we set down on the sandy bottom where
the water was about knee deep and watched the daylight come. Not a sound anywhere perfectly still just
like the whole world was asleep only sometimes the bullfrogs a cluttering maybe. The first thing to see,
looking away over the water was a king of dull line that was the woods on t other side; you couldnt
make nothing else out; then a pale place in the sky; then more paleness spreading around; then the river
softened up away off, and wasnt black any more, but gray; you could see little dark spots drifting along
ever so far away trading scows and such things and long black streaks rafts; sometimes you could
hear a sweep creaking or jumbled up voices, it was so still and sounds come so far and by and by you
could see a streak on the water which you know by the look of the streak that theres a snag there in a
swift current which breaks on it and makes that streak look that way.
73
1. They stopped navigating 4. The streak on the water looks as it
a) at night does because
b) at dusk a) the swift current has broken the streak
c) at daytime b) the streak has been swept by the
d) at dawn swift current to the shore
2. After a swim in the moor they c) of a snag there in the swift current
a) set down on the sandy bottom where which breaks on it
the water was about ankle deep and d) the streak has been swept by the
watched the daylight come. swift current
b) set down on the sandy bottom where 5. How did the days and nights go by,
the water was about knee deep and according to the writer?
watched the daylight come. a) They slid along so quiet and
c) set down on the sandy shore and smooth and lovely
watched the daylight come b) They slid along so smooth and quietly
d) set down on the sandy bottom and c) They slid along so smooth and
watched the daylight come. soft and quietly
3. In the stillness of the night d) They slid along so quietly and
a) sounds come so far
smooth and softly
b) the bullfrogs also were asleep
c) the whole world was asleep abcca
d) a sweep creaking or jumbled up
voices could be heard
Passage-21
The wisdom of learning from failure is incontrovertible. Yet organisations that do it well
are extraordinarily rare. This gap is not due to a lack of commitment to learning. Managers in
the vast majority of enterprises that I have studied over the past 20years pharmaceutical,
financial services, product design, telecommunications, and construction companies;
hospitals; and NASAs space shuttle program, among others-genuinely wanted to help their
organisations learn from failures to improve future performance. In some cases they and their
teams had devoted many hours to after time I saw that these painstaking efforts led to no
real change. The reason: Those managers were thinking about failure the wrong way.
Most executives Ive talked to believe that failure is bad (of course!). They also believe
that learning from it is pretty straightforward: Ask people to reflect on what they did wrong and
exhort them to avoid similar mistakes in the future or, better yet, assign a team to review and
write a report on what happened and then distribute it throughout the organization.
These widely held beliefs are misguided. First, failure is not always bad. In organizational life it is
sometimes bad, sometimes inevitable, and sometimes even good. Second, learning from organizational
failures is anything but straightforward. The attitudes and activities required to effectively detect and
analyze failures are in short supply in most companies, and the need for context- specific learning
strategies is underappreciated. Organisations need new and better ways to go beyond lessons that are
superficial (Procedures werent followed) or self-serving (The market just wasnt ready for our great
new product). That means jettisoning old cultural beliefs and stereotypical notions of success and
embracing failures lessons. Leaders can begin by understanding how the blame game gets in the way.
The Blame Game
Failure and fault are virtually inseparable in most households, organisations, and
cultures. Every child learns at some point that admitting failure means taking the blame.
That is why so few organisations have shifted to a culture of psychological safety in
which the rewards of learning from failure can be fully realized.
Executuves Ive interviewed in organisations as different as hospitals and
investment banks admit to being torn: How can they respond constructively to failures
without giving rise to an anything-goes attitude? If people arent blamed for failures, what
will ensure that they try as hard as possible to do their best work?
74
This concern is based on a false dichotomy. In actuality, a culture that makes it safe to
admit and report on failure can-and in some organizational contexts must-coexist with high
standards for performance. To understand why, look at the exhibit A Spectrum of Reasons for
Failure, which lists causes ranging from deliberate deviation to thoughtful experimentation.
Which of these causes involve blameworthy actions? Deliberate deviance, first on the
list, obviously warrants blame, But inattention might not. If it results from a lack of effort,
perhaps its blameworthy. But if it results from fatigue near the end of an overly long shift, the
manager who assigned the shift is more at fault than the employee. As we go down the list, it
gets more and more difficult to find blameworthy acts. In fact, a failure resulting from
thoughtful experimentation that generates valuable information may actually be praiseworthy.
When I ask excutives to consider this spectrum and then to estimate how many of the failures in
their organisations are truly blameworthy, their answers are usually in single digits -perhaps 2% to 5%.
But when I ask how many are treated as blameworthy, they say (after a pause or a laugh) 70% to 90%. The
unfortunate consequence is that many failures go unreported and their lessons are lost.
A sophisticated understanding of failures causes and contexts will help to avoid
the blame game and institute an effective strategy for learning from failure. Although an
infinite number of things can go wrong in organisations, mistakes fall into three broad
categories: preventable, complexity-related, and intelligent.
1. Which of the following statement(S) is /are true in the context of the given passage?
I) Most executives believe that failure is bad and learning from it is pretty straightforward.
II) The wisdom of learning from failure is disputable.
III) Deliberate deviance, first on the list of the exhibit, A Spectrum of Reasons for
Failure obviously warrants blame.
a) Only I
b) Both I and II
c) Both II and III
d) Both I and III
e) All three I, II and III
2. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the given passage?
a) Organizations need new and better ways to go beyond lessons that are superficial
or self-serving.
b) Leaders can begin by understanding how the blame game gets in the way.
c) The writer of this article has studied managers in the vast majority of enterprises
over the past 30 years.
d) Failure and fault are truly inseparable in most households, organisations and cultures.
3. As opinioned by the writer of this article, although an infinite number of things can go wrong in
organisations, mistakes fall into three broad categories. What are these categories?
a) Forgetable, preventable and intelligent
b) Superficial, preventable and complex
c) Precaution related, complexity related and intelligent d)
Preventive, complexity-related and intelligent
e) None of these
4. Why have so few organisations shifted to a culture of psychological safety in which
the rewards of learning from failure can be fully realized?
a) Because every child does not learn at some point that admitting failure means taking the blame. b)
Because failure and fault are virtually inseparable in most cultures and every child learns at some
point that admitting failure means taking the blame.
c) Because culture is an important aspect os our life.
d) It is easy for executives to blame others and save their heads.
e) None of these
5. What in your opinion should be the most appropriate title of this passage?
a) Learning from failures
b) Failures discourage an executive
75
c) Success is nothing but
working hard d) The Blame Game
e) None of these
d) uniformity
Choose the word/group of words which is most e) diaeresis
similar in meaning to the word/group of words
printed in bold as used in the passage.
6. Exhort Choose the word/group of words which is most
a) urge opposite in meaning to the word/group of
b) discourage words printed in bold as used in the passage.
c) exclaim 9. Incontrovertible
d) exhume a) indisputable
e) expect b) disputable
c) separable
7. Jettison d) convertible
a) regard
e) dynamic
b) discard
c) forgive 10. Overly
d) collect a) excessively
e) jumble b) abundantly
c) overriding
8. Dichotomy d) meagerly
a) separation e) substantially
b) diagram bcdba, ababd
c) harmony
Passage-22
No leader is perfect. The best ones dont try to be. They concentrate on honing their
strengths and find others who can make up for their limitations. We expect lot of our leaders will be
Top executives, the thinking goes, should have the intellectual capacity to make sense of
unfathomably complex issues, the imaginative powers to paint a vision of the future that generates
everyones enthusiasm, the operational know how to translate strategy into concrete plans, and
the interpersonal skills to foster commitment to undertakings that could cost peoples jobs should
they fail. Unfortunately, no single person can possibly live up to those standards.
Its time to end the myth of the complete leader: the flawless person at the top whos got it
all figured out. In fact, the sooner leaders stop trying to be all things to all people, the better off their
organizations will be. In todays world, the executives job is no longer to command and control but
to cultivate and coor dinate the actions of other at all leaves of the organization. Only when leaders
come to see themselves as incomplete-as having both strengths and weaknesses-will they be able
to make up for their missing skills by relying on others.
Corporations have been becoming less hierarchical and more collaborative for decades, of
course, as globalization and the growing importance of knowledge work have required that
responsibility and initiative be distributed more widely. Moreover, it is now possible for large
groups of people to coordinate their actions, not just by bringing lots of information to a few
centralized places but also by bringing lots of places through ever-growing networks within and
beyond the firm. The sheer complexity and ambiguity of problems is humbling. More and more
decisions are made in the context of global markets and rapidly sometimes radically changing
financial, social, political, technological and environmental forces. Stakeholders such as activities,
regulators, and employees all have claims on organization.
No one person could possibly stay on top of everything. But the myth of the complete leader (and
the attendant fear of appearing incompetent) makes many executives try to do just that, exhausting
themselves and damaging their organisations in the process. The incomplete leader, by contrast, knows
when to let go: when to let those who know the local market do the advertising plan or when to let the
engineering team run with its idea of what the customer needs. The incomplete leader
76
also knows that leadership exists throughout the organizational hierarchy whenever
expertise, vision new ideas, and commitment are found.
Weve worked with hundreds of people who have struggled under the weight of the
myth of the complete leader. Over the past six years, our work at the MIT leadership Centre
has included studying leadership in many organisations and teaching the topic to senior
executives, middle managers, and MBA students. In our practice based programs, we have
analyzed numerous accounts of organizational change and watched leaders struggle to meld
top down strategic initiatives with vibrant ideas from the rest of the organization.
All this work has led us to develop a model distributed leadership. This frame work which
synthesizes our own research with the ideas from other leadership scholars, views leadership as a set of
four capabilities sense making (understanding the context in which a company and its people operate).
Relating (building relationships within and across organisations), visioning (creating a
compelling picture of future), and inventing (developing new ways to achieve the vision).
While somewhat simplified, these capabilities span the intellectual and
interpersonal, the rational and intuitive, and the conceptual and creative capacities
required in todays business environment. Rarely, if ever, will someone be equally skilled
in all four do mains. Thus, incomplete leaders differ from incompetent leaders in that they
understand what theyre good at and what theyre not and have good judgment about how
they can work with others to build on their strengths and offset their limitations.
Sometimes, leaders need to further develop the capabilities they are weakest in. The
exhibits throughout this article provide some suggestions for when and how to do that. Other
times, however, its more important for leaders to find and work with others to compensate for
their weaknesses. Teams and oganisations not just individuals can use this framework to
diagnose their strengths and weak nesses and find ways to balance their skill sets.
1. As mentioned in the passage, a lot of qualities are expected from our leaders. Which
of the following statement(s) is/are true in this context?
a) Leaders should have the intellectual capacity to make sense of complex issues.
b) Leaders should have operational know how to translate strategy into concrete plans.
c) Leaders should have the imaginative powers to paint a vision of the future.
d) Leaders should have interpersonal skill to foster commitment.
2. Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the given passage?
a) No leader is perfect.
b) Corporations have been becoming more hierarchical and less collaborative for decades.
c) In todays world, the executives job is no longer to command and control.
d) The researchers worked at the MIT leadership centre over the past six years.
e) None of these.
3. What should be the most appropriate title of the given passage in your opinion?
a) An incomplete leader
b) Challenges before a leader
c) Role of a chief executive
d) None of these
4. Some opinions have been made about an incomplete leader that serves the organisations
affirmatively. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true in this regard?
I) An incomplete leader knows when to let go: when to let those who know the local
market do the advertising plan.
II) An incomplete leader knows when to let the engineering team run with its idea of
what the customer needs.
III) An incomplete leader also knows that leadership exists throughout the
organizational hierarchy. a) Only I
b) Both I and II
c) Both II and III
d) Both III and I
e) All I, II and III
77
5. The researchers with the idea from other leadership scholars view leadership as a set
of four capabilities. Which of the following alternatives mentions them correctly?
a) Sense making, relating, visioning and inventing
b) Sense making, disciplining, visioning and inventing
c) Sense making, unrelating, visioning and inventing
d) Decision making, unrelating, visioning and inventing
e) None of these
Choose the word/group of words which is most d) relieving

similar in meaning to the word/group of words e) relocating
printed in bold as used in the passage. Choose the word/group of words which is
6. MELD most/opposite in meaning to the word/group
a) Blend of words printed in bold as used in the passage.
b) Mend 9. HUMBLE
c) Mellow a) make weaker
d) Menace b) defeat
e) mesh c) subside
d) strengthen
7. UNFATHOMABLY e) founder
a) understandably 10. FOSTER
b) uncomprehensibly a) encourage
c) unfortunately b) promote
d) merely c) foul
e) unfavourably d) focus
8. RELYING e) discourage
a) trusting
b) needed ebaea, abade
c) remaining
Passage-23
In general, before the financial crisis of 2008, the financial sector the world over had been
steadily liberalizing. Limits on foreign ownership of banks and on the kinds of transactions they
were able to engage in were being lifted. Rich countries were deregulating faster than others. Banks
were given greater leeway on how much capital they should hold and how much risk they should
take on. But banks the world over, did not maintain adequate capital cushions and balance sheets
showed inflated profits. In 1999, America also repealed the Glass Staegall Act - a 1930s Depression
era law separating investment and commercial banking-without bothering about the threat to the
economy. Restrictions are a sign of backwardness- But the resulting crisis of 2008 put an end to
this belief. Banking supervisors in many developing countries said that tight regulations saved
them from getting into trouble. Under the old rules supervisors were simply referees trying to
ensure that the game was played fairly. Now regulators have gone from saying tell me that all your
payment systems work to saying show me how your payment systems work. Regulators are now
tentatively stepping over a long over a long standing divide between enforcing basic rules and
playing a part in business decisions. This shift is particularly marked in Britain which once
championed light touch regulation. This pre-crisis behavior is being criticized as surrender to
banks or as a self servicing device for attracting financial activity to Britain. In truth it was neither. It
was the simple belief that markets are better than governments at allocating services. In America,
too, regulators were reluctant to suppress innovation because they felt that the self interest of
lending institutions will be enough to ensure they did not all leap from the same tall building.
In rich countries, enthusiasm for prescriptive supervision depends on the degree of harm
suffered during the banking crisis or to the threat from the failing banks to bring down their governments
with them. But it is not easy to stop banks from making bad decisions. In the past, regulators left it to the
market to judge the health of the banks. But clever, well-paid analysts failed to see the crisis coming. Now
central bankers are expected to do a better job. One problem is that the rules
78
and the laws are written with the benefit of hind -sight. The good ideas that may have prevented the
last crisis however can make regulators dangerously overconfident about being able to predict and
prevent the next one. Also, if regulators underwrite certain strategies that seem safe such as
lending to small businesses, they may encourage banks to crowd into those lines of business. If
enough banks pile into these markets, downturns in them can affect not just a few banks but the
whole system. On the other hand prescriptive supervision can stifle financial innovation and
squeeze all appetite for risk out of the banking system. In Japan, a banking crisis that started more
than two decades ago still liners on, in part because the countrys bankers have become gun shy
and lend to buy government bonds rather than lend money or make foreign investments.
Regulators are doing all they can to strike a balance and mitigate these risks.
a) These are unnecessary and
1. Choose the word which is most nearly the
harmful to banks.
SAME in meaning to the word LAST given in b) These are faulty as they encourage
bold as used in the passage. risky financial innovations.
a) Final c) To succeed these should be co-
b) Continue ordinated and uniform across countries.
c) First
d) The measures they prescribe have
d) Recent
no loopholes
e) subsequent
e) They have done their best to
2. Which of the following is the central idea of effectively regulate.
the passage? 6. Which of the following can be said about
a) Regulators are lazy and shirk their duty light touch regulation adopted by Britain?
of protecting financial systems.
a) It gave Britains financial
b) Banks should go back to traditional institutions very little autonomy.
banking and abandon riskier options.
b) It forced banks to invest in
c) Banks in developed countries have
government bonds.
destroyed developing economies. c) It resulted in banks holding too
d) Today the task of financial regulation is much capital
tricky
d) It encouraged financial activity in
e) Financial systems have been damaged
the country
beyond repair. e) It stifled banks appetite for risk.
3. Choose the word which is most nearly the 7. Choose the word which is most nearly the
SAME in meaning to the word CROWD SAME in meaning to the word LIMITS
given in bold as used in the passage. given in bold as used in the passage.
a) Multitude a) Caps
b) Flock b) Rims
c) Party c) Frames
d) Crew d) Frontiers
e) None of these e) skirts
4. Which of the following is/are the possible 8. Which of the following is TRUE in the
impact(s) of prescriptive supervision? context of the passage?
A) Governments are likely to collapse as a) The financial crisis of 2008 did not
people are opposed to such measures. impact developing countries.
B) Many executives are likely to exploit the b) Markets can easily regulate themselves.
system. c) Developing economies should not
C) These measures could unintentionally allow foreign investment at present,
prolong a crisis. d) After the crisis, Americas central bank
a) Only C has imposed unnecessary regulations.
b) Only B and C e) None of the given statements is
c) Only A and B true in the context of the passage.
d) All A,B and C 9. Why has the author cited the reference
e) Only B
5. What is the authors view of central banks
of repealing the Gass-Steagall Act?
present efforts at regulation?
79
a) To indicate that regulations were
relaxed without appreciating the e) tenuously
impact on the economy. 13. Which of the following is/are the
b) To criticize the backward consequence(s) of the crisis of 2008?
restrictions that rich countries A) Banks have become overconfident in
imposed on developing countries. their abilities to regulate themselves.
c) To show that the economy had not B) Regulators have increased vigilance of
progressed much since the Depression. financial systems.
d) To illustrate that only America C) Economies are careful about foreign
could foresee the financial crisis. investment
e) To indicate the soundness of Americas a) Only A
financial system prior to depression. b) Only B and C
10. Which of the following difficulties is c) Only A and B
faced by regulators at present? d) All A, B and C
a) Banks lack the expertise to e) Only A and C
comply with norms. 14. Choose the word which is most nearly the
b) Tremendous competition between OPPOSITE in meanin g to the word FAILING
local and foreign banks. given in bold as used in the passage.
c) Striking a balance between a) Increasing
protecting and stifling the economy b) Passing
d) Unwillingness of government to c) Successful
bail out failing banks d) Depleting
e) Lack of adequate manpower e) important
11. Which of the following approaches was 15. What does the author want to convey
adopted by the financial sector of rich through the phrase Under the old rules,
world economies prior to the crisis? supervisors were simply referees trying to
a) Banks strictly adhere to out-dated laws. ensure that the game was played fairly?
b) Banks maintained very large a) Regulators did not make mistakes while
capital cushions regulating financial markets.
c) They were innovative and took a b) Regulators were passive and did not
lot of risks intervene in the working of financial
d) They withdrew investment from organisations in the past.
traditional banking. c) Regulators were concerned about the
e) Not clearly mentioned in the passage. health of financial organizations.
12. Choose the word which is most d) Regulators used to cross the lone and
nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning to interfere in financial markets in the
the word TENTATIVELY given in bold past.
as used in the passage. e) Regulators devised many strict rules
a) Certainly without taking into account the needs
b) Permanent of financial systems.
c) Termly ddbaa, daaac, cabcb
d) Slightly
Passage-24
The international definition of water stress is 1000 cubic meters of usable water of usable water
per person per year. The average northern Chinese has less than a fifth of that amount. China has 20
percent of the population but only 7 percent of its fresh water. China has built as many large dams as the
rest of the world put together. But, while the South of China is a lush, lake-filled region, the north-which
has half the population and most of the farm-land is more like a desert and the shortage is worsening. In
the 1950s the country had 50000 rivers with catchment areas of 100 square kilometres or more. Today,
China has only 23000 as a result of over-exploitation by farm or factories. China was hoping for a shale
gas revolution but does not have enough water for it since most of the gas reserves are in the driest parts
of the country. The World Bank puts the cost of Chinas water problems-mostly damage to health-at 2.3
percent of the years GDP. China clearly needs to do something to remedy the situation in the
80
North and has initiated one of the biggest engineering projects the world has never seen-a
diversion to move water along 2000 miles of water canals. Aside from the massive cost, the
two rivers involved have very different ecosystems and taking water from one to another could
do irreparable environmental harm. The parts of the project completed have already killed
many organisms. Such projects could also hurt Chinas neighbours and all these projects
would increase the amount of water in china by only a few percentage points.
The Government would do better to focus on demand, reducing consumption of water in
order to make better use of limited supplies. Water is too cheap in most cities and such mispricing
results in extravagance. Industry recycles too little water, agriculture wastes too much. Higher
water prices would raise costs for farms and factories but would be better than spending millions
on shipping water around the country. Development plans such as building cities of a million
people in the Gobi desert should be rewritten. China should also fine polluters stiffly. Chinas
engineers have performed amazing feats in the past but the current water problem in the North
should also involve economists and environmental regulators in the solution.
1. Which of the following is the central b) China is willing to implement
idea of the story? novel solutions to the water crisis
a) China needs to devote its resources despite uprisings.
to expanding infrastructure. c) China has an abundance of fresh
b) Northern China is experiencing a water resources for its population
water crisis and suggested but these are mismanaged.
remedies need to be rethought. d) The finances generated from shale
c) Chinas efforts to solve its water gas reserves have been used to
crisis are praiseworthy and are an remedy Chinas water problems.
example to the world. e) None of the given statements is
d) The Chinese government is true in the context of the passage.
obvious to sharing water 4. Which of the following is an
resources with its neighbours. appropriate title for the passage?
e) Chinas politicians were ill -equipped a) China Divided : River Disputes
to handle the countrys water b) Mighty Rivers : A Conflict Among
problems which are beyond remedy. Neighbours
2. According to the passage, which of c) Rivers in China : A Sustainable Marvel
the following is/are the consequences d) Free Water : A Necessity
of the Chinas efforts to remedy its e) Northern China : A Future Drying Up
water problems? 5. According to the author, what
A) Many aquatic organisms have approach should China adopt to
been sacrificed. handle its water crisis?
B) Water has become unaffordable in a) Approach neighbouring countries to
China. rework water sharing agreements.
C) The Governments has put on hold its b) Penalise industries for polluting
ambitious plans for urban housing. excessively and provide water to
a) Only (B) farmers at discounted rates.
b) Only (C) c) Implement a multi-pronged approach-
c) Only (A) keeping in mind economic and
d) All (A), (B) and (C) environmental conditions.
e) Only (A) and (C) d) Adopt the recommendations of the
3. Which of the following is true in the World Bank to resolve the issue.
context of the passage? e) Other than those given as options. bcaec
a) China is over exploiting its water
resources which is detrimental.
Passage-25
A couple of weeks ago I was asked what I thought the future of technology in education was. It is
a really interesting question and one that I am required to think about all the time. By its very nature,
81
technology changes at a fast pace and making it accessible to pupils, teachers and other
stakeholders is and ongoing challenge.
So what is the future? Is it the iPad?
No, I dont think it is. For me, the future is not about one specific device. Dont get me
wrong, I love the iPad. In fact, I have just finished a trial to see if using them really does
support teaching and learning and they have proved effective. Ive written about the trial in
more detail on my blog. iPads and other mobile technology are the now. Although, they will
play a part in the future, some years ago the iPad didnt even exist. We dont know what will be
the current technology in other four years. Perhaps it will be wearable devices such as Google
Glass, although I suspect that tablets will still be used in education.
The future is about access, anywhere learning and collaboration, both locally and
globally. Teaching and learning is going to be social. Schools of the future could have a
traditional cohort of students, as well as online only students who live across the country or
even the world. Things are already starting to move this way with the emergence of massive
open line courses (MOOCs). For me, the future of technology in education is the cloud.
Technology can often be a barrier to teaching and learning. I think the cloud will go a
long way to removing this barrier. Why? By removing the number of things that can go wrong.
Schools, will only need one major thing to be prepared for the future. They will not
need software installed, servers or local file storage. Schools will need a fast robust
internet connection. Infrastructure is paramount to the future of technology in education.
We dont know what the new in device will be in the future. What we do know, is
that it will need the cloud. Schools and other educational institutions will need to future
proof their infrastructure the best they can.
This should be happening now. If you want to start to use mobile technology in
your school, whether it is an iPad program or a bring your own device (BODY) program
your connectivity must be fast and reliable. Student and teacher buy in, is so important. If
the network is slow and things are not working properly students and teachers will not
want to use the devices. Make sure the infrastructure is there before the devices.
Teachers can use cloud to set, collect and grade work online. Students will have instant
access to grades, comments and work via a computer, smartphone or tablet. Many schools are
already doing this. Plus, services such as the educational social network Edmodo offer this for free.
This is where devices come in. All devices not matter which ones we will use in the
future will need to access the cloud. Either a device specified by the school or one they
have chosen to bring in themselves.
School classrooms are going to change. Thanks to the cloud and mobile devices, technology will
be integrated into every part of school. In fact, it wont just be the classrooms that will change. Games
fields, gyms and school trips will all change. Whether offsite or on site the school, teachers, students and
support staff will all be connected. In my ideal world, all classrooms will be paperless.
With the cloud, the world will be our classroom. E-learning will change teaching and learning.
Students can learn from anywhere and teachers can teach from anywhere.
The cloud can also encourage independent learning. Teachers could adopt a flipped classroom
approach more often. Students will take ownership of their own learning. Teachers can put resources for
students online for students to use. These could be videos, documents, audio podcasts or interactive
images. All of these resources can be accessed via a students computer, smartphone or tablet. As long
as they have an internet connection either via Wifi, 3G or 4G they are good to go.
Rather than being taught students can learn independently and in their own way. There is
also a massive amount of resources online that students can find and use themselves, without the
teacher.
help of the This of course means the role of the teacher will change.
Shared applications and documents on the cloud, such as Google Apps will allow for more social
lessons. How often do students get an opportunity to collaborate productively using technology in the
classroom? It isnt always easy. However, students working on documents together using Google Apps
are easy. They could be in the same room or in different countries. These are all good skills for students
to have. Of course, these collaborative tools are also very useful for teachers. I for one have worked on
82
several projects where these tools have let me work with people across the country.
Some of which I have never met.
What we must remember is that when schools adopt new technology and services, they
must be evaluated. This way, as a school, you know if they are successful and what improvements
are needed. Staff will also need training, you cant expect staff to use new technology if they are not
confident users or creators. Any initiative is doomed to failure without well trained, confident staff
who can see how technology can support and benefit teaching and learning.
Plenty of schools have already embraced this, but theres still a way to go to ensure all
schools are ready for the future of technology. It is time for all schools to embrace the cloud.
1. What do you think should be the most appropriate title of the given passage?
a) Future of Technology in Education
b) Technology-Barrier to Education
c) Massive Open Online Courses
d) Hypothetical Approach to Education
e) None of these
2. Which of the following statements is not correct as per the context of the given article?
a) According to the writer of this article, future of technology in education is cloud
b) The writer sees ipad as the only future in education
c) Schools will need a fast robust internet connection for getting advantage of technology
d) The writer opines that ipads and other mobile technology are the now andplay a
part in the future
e) None of these
3. The writer advocates about the use of cloud. Which of the following statement(s)
is/are true in this regard?
I) Teachers can use the cloud to set, collect and grade work online.
II) Students will have instant access to grades, comments and work via computer etc.
III) Services such as the educational social network Edmodo offer facilities to students for free.
a) Only I
b) Only II
c) Both II and III
d) All three I,II and III
e) Both I and II
4. The writer opines that with the use of cloud, schoolrooms will change and many facilities
will be available. Which of the following changes will be perceived in education?
a) With the cloud, the world will be our classroom.
b) Students can learn from anywhere and teachers can teach from anywhere.
c) Students will take ownership of their own learning.
d) Teachers can put resources for students online to use
e) All the above
5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT true in the context of the given passage?
I) Shared applications and documents on the cloud, such as Google Apps will allow
for more social lesson
II) Teachers could adopt a flipped classroom approach more often after
cloud. III) A few schools have already embraced new cloud technology.
a) Only I
b) Only II
c) Only III
d) Both I and III
e) None
Choose the word/group of words which is most 6. Robust

similar in meaning to the word/group of words a) Sturdy
printed in bold as used in the passage. b) Roguish

83
c) Roasting
d) Rusting Choose the word/group of words which is most
e) Dazed opposite in meaning to the word/group of
7. Emergence words printed in bold as used in the passage.
a) Transpiration 9. Paramount
b) Empire a) Very important
c) Emplacement b) Less important
d) Empathy c) Morally high
e) eminence d) Paranoid
8. Collaborate e) parched
a) work together 10. Embrace
b) collect a) hug
c) collide b) accept
d) corroborate c) reject
e) colonize d) include
e) embroil
abdec, aaabc
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d) The desire to achieve conditions conducive to global consensus on trade regulations and tariffs
e) Widespread panic in Europe and Asia as Asian economies are yet to recover from the recession
3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?
A) Political and economic rivalries between Asian countries are non-existent today
B) Asian countries hold America responsible for the recession and have imposed
economic sanctions against the U.S.
C) America has adopted a protectionist stratey after the recession.
a) Only (A)
b) Only (B) and (C)
c) Only (A) and (B)
d) Only (C)
e) None of these
4. Which of the following describes expert predictions about trade pacts between Asian
countries? a) These will be beneficial and likely to give rise to a common Asian currency
b) Tariffs will be lowered and bureaucratic regulations will become transparent
c) Widening of differences between participant and nonparticipant countries will
hamper global stability
d) Regional conflicts will increase as competition and inequities between Asian
nations will intensify.
e) They are likely to be short-lived as it will be difficult to get participating nations to
arrive at a consensus
5. Which of the following has/have not been (an) impact (s) of the recession?
A) Various trade agreements signed between developed and Asian countries have not
been honoured
B) The U.S. government has restructured the automobile industry.
C) Regional conflicts in Asia have substantially reduced.
a) Only (C)
b) Only (A)
c) Only (A) and (B)
d) All (A), (B) and (C)
e) None of these
6. According to the author what danger does creating an Asian trading bloc pose?
a) Political instability in Asia will rise as some countries are wealthier than others
b) American consumers have ceased their demand for Asian goods
c) Unemployment in Asian countries will rise as many plants will be forced to close down
d) It will alter the balance of power in the World with small Asian countries becoming
most dominate
e) None of these
7. What is the author trying to convey through the phrase In the past Asia produced for
American and Europe, now Asia is producing for Asia?
a) The number of wealthy consumers in Asia outnumber those in America and Europe together
b) Asian countries do not support free trade and continue to trade among themselves
despite the recession
c) Goods manufactured in Asian countries often fail to meet the standards set by
developed countries
d) Asian countries no longer export to Western markets alone and now cater to Asian
markets as well
e) Interregional trade barriers between Europe and Asia have weakened considerably
8. Which of the following is most opposite in meaning to the word CRITICAL as used
in the passage? a) Unimportant
b) Complimentary
c) Approval
d) Sale
e) steady
85
9. Which of the following is most similar in meaning to the word FRESH as used
in the passage? a) Additional
b) Renewed
c) Original
d) Healthy
e) modern
10. Which of the following can be said about the American economy in the context of the passage?
A) Most American companies have opted to withdraw from Asia
B) Americas stand on free trade has altered because of the recession
C) The American economy is far too dependent on Asia for trade.
a) Only (A)
b) Only (B)
c) Only (C)
d) All (A), (B) and
(C) e) None of these edccd, ddaeb
Passage-27
A pioneering new book, Gender and Green Governance, explores a central question: If
women had adequate representation in forestry institutions, would it make a difference to
them, their communities, and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.
Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue?
This is not surprising. Forests constitute no just community and national wealth, but
global wealth. But for millions, forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives.
Yes first book, Cold Hearths and Barren Slopes (1986), was about forests, Is there
an evolution of argument here?
Yes indeed: In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes, I had argued that social forestry,
with its top down implementation and focus on commercial species, was neither social
nor for estry, and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer, I
argued, lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally, in 1990, India
launched the joint forest management programme and Nepal also started community
forestry. So I decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.
Between 1995 and 1999, I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox:
Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and
in many cases had become more acute. Also, despite their high stakes in forests, women continued
to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to
describe this. However, the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask: What if women
were present in forest governance? What difference would that make?
But has this question not been raised before?
Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention
to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focusing on gender and governance have been
concerned mainly with womens near absence form governance institutions. The
presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we
assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex.
On the one hand, their everyday dependence on forests for firewood, fodder, etc.,
creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other, the same dependence can compel
them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me: Of course, it hurts
me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic
position, I decided to test varied propositions, controlling for other factors.
What did you find?
First, womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a
critical mass effect: If forests management groups have 25 -33 per cent female members in their executive
committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings, speaking up and
holding office. However, the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When
86
present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns
than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women, but more poor women.
Second, and unexpectedly, groups with more women typically make stricter forest
use rules. Why is this the case? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the
forest department. To regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs.
Women from households with some land have some fallback. But remarkably even in
groups with more landless women, although extraction is higher, they still balance self
interest with conservation goals, when placed in decision making positions.
Third, groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest
conditions, despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves
protection and conflict resolution, helps the use of their knowledge of local biodiversity,
and raises childrens awareness about conservation.
1. What was authors view on Social Forestry d) Top down approach to Community
Scheme? forestry
a) A great success e) Participatory exclusion to Greener
b) Beneficial for villagers slopes
c) Neither good nor bad 6. Why does author say, Rural womens
d) Should have been implemented as top- relationship with forests is complex?
down a) Dependence forces them to extract and
e) None of these also have concern for conservation
2. Which of the following is one of the reasons b) If they protect forests, their livelihood is
of forests being a conflict -ridden issue? severely affected
a) Some countries have larger forest cover c) Poor women have been excluded from
b) There is less awareness about global forest management
warming d) They cannot be asked to restore forests
c) High dependence of many on forests which are critical for them
d) Less representation of women e) Greener forests do not meet the
e) Less representation of local women requirement of firewood
3. The author is advocating inclusion of 7. Landless women, when in decision making
a) More landless women role
b) More landed women a) Extract much more from forest
c) More women irrespective of their b) Improve their own financial status
financial status c) Do not care for forest
d) Local people d) Are able to meet conservation
e) Younger women in the age group of 25- objectives as well as their own interest
33 years e) Fulfill their own interest at the cost of
4. Which of the following best describes conservation goals
participatory exclusion, as used in the Choose the word/group of words which is most
interview? nearly the same in meaning to the word/group
a) Outside support of words printed in bold.
b) Overdependence 8. CONTROLLING
c) Benefitting without self interest a) Holding in check
d) Contributing with profits b) Increasing
e) None of these c) Decreasing
5. In the second question, the interviewer d) Passing
asked Is there an evolution of argument e) ignoring
here? Which of the following best describes 9. PARADOX
that? a) similarity
a) From Barren to Greener slopes b) position
b) From local groups to local groups with c) anomaly
more women d) difference
c) A fine balance between conservation e) excuse
and commercial forestry 10. ACUTE

87
a) accurate e) refined
b) severe
c) dull ecacd, adacb
d) focused
Passage-28
Following the end of the Second World War, the United Kingdom enjoyed a long
period without a major recession (from 1945 to 1973) and a rapid growth in prosperity in
the 1950s and 1960s. According to the OECD, the annual rate of growth (percentage
change) between 1960 and 1973 averaged 2.9%, although this figure was far behind the
rates of other European countries such as France, West Germany and Italy.
However, following the 1973 off crisis and the 1973-1974 stock market crash, the
British economy fell into recession and the government of Edward Heath was ousted by
the Labour Party under Harold Wilson. Wilson formed a minority government on 4 March
1974 after the general election on 28 February ended in a hung parliament. Wilson
subsequently secured a three seat majority in a s econd election in October that year.
The UK recorded weaker growth than many other European nations in the 1970s;
even after the early 1970s recession ended, the economy was still blighted by rising
unemployment and double digit inflation.
In 1976, the UK was forced to request a loan of $2.3 billion from the International Monetary Fund.
The then Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey was required to implement public spending cuts and
other economic reforms in order to secure the loan. Following the Winter of Discontent, the government
of James Callaghan lost a vote of no confidence. This triggered the May 1979 General election which
resulted in Margaret Thatchers Conservative Party forming a few government.
A new period of neo-liberal economics began in 1979 with the election of Margaret
Thatcher who won the general election on 3 May that year to return the Conservative
Party to government after five years of Labour government.
During the 1980s most stateowned enterprises were privatized, taxes cut and
markets deregulated. GDP fell 5.9% initially but growth subsequently returned and rose to
5% at its peak in 1988, one of the highest rates of any European nation.
The UK economy had been one of the strongest economies in terms of inflation, interest rates
and unemployment, all of which remained relatively low until the 2008-09 recession. Unemployment has
since reached a peak of just under 2.5 million (7.8%), the highest level since the early 1990s, although still
far lower than some other European nations. However, interest rates have reduced to 0.5% pa. During
August 2008 the IMF warned that the UK economic outlook had worsened due to a twin shock: financial
turmoil and rising commodity prices. Both developments harm the UK more than most developed
countries, as the UK obtains revenue from exporting financial services while recording deficits in finished
goods and comm odities, including food. In 2007, the UK government to broaden the scope of fiscal
policy to promote external balance. Although the UKs labour productivity per person employed has
been progressing well over the last two decades and has overtaken productivity in Germany, it still lags
around 20% behind France, where workers have a 35-hour working week. The UKs labour productivity
per hour worked is currently on a par with the average for the old EU (15 countries). In 2010, the United
Kingdom ranked 26th on the Human Development Index.
The UK entered a recession in 2 of 2008, according to the Office for National Statistics and exited
in 4 of 2009. The subsequently revised ONS figures show that the UK suffered six consecutive quarters of
negative growth, making it the longest recession since records began. As of the end of 4 2009, revised
statistics from the Office for National Statistics demonstrate that the UK economy shrank by 7.2% from
peak to trough. The Blue Book 2013 confirms that UK growth in 2 of 2013 was 0.7%, and that the volume
of output of GDP remains 3.2% below its pre -recession peak; The UK economys recovery has thus been
more lackluster than previously thought. Furthermore, The Blue Book 2013 demonstrates that the UK
experienced a deeper initial downturn than all of the G7 economies save for Japan, and has experienced a
slower recovery than all but Italy.
A report released by the Office of National Statistics on 14 May 2013 revealed that over the six-
year period between 2005 and 2011, the UK dropped from 5th place to 12th place in terms of household
88
income on an international scale the drop was partially attributed to the devaluation of sterling over this
time frame. However, the report also concluded that, during this period, inflation was relatively less
volatile, the UK labour market was more resilient in comparison to other recessions, and household
spending and wealth in the UK remained relatively strong in comparison with other OECD countries.
Accoring to a report by Moodys Corporation, Britains debt -to-GDP ratio continues to increase in 2013
and is expected to reach 93% at the end of the year. The UK has lost its triple-A credit rating on the basis
of poor economic outlook. 2013 Economic Growth has surprised many Economists, Ministers and the
OBR in the 2013 budget projected annual growth of just 0.6%, In 2013 1 the economy grew by 0.7% and 3
the economy is predicted to have grown at 0.8%.
1. A new period of neo-liberal economics b) 80 %

began in United Kingdom with the election c) 87.3 %
of Margaret Thatcher after five years of d) 93 %
Labour government. Margaret Thatcher e) None of these
came in power in 6. In 2007, the United Kingdom had the
a) 1980 worlds third largest current account deficit
b) 1976 due mainly to large deficit in
c) 1979 a) Manufactured goods
d) 1982 b) High inflation
e) None of these c) Agricultural produces
2. According to the OECD, the annual rate of d) Exports
growth of United Kingdoms economy e) imports
between 1960 and 1973 averaged In the following questions, choose the
a) 2.9 % word/group of words which is MOST SIMILAR in
b) 2.34 % meaning to the word/group of words printed
c) 2.87 % bold as used in the passage.
d) 5.9 % 7. Broaden
e) None of these a) narrow
3. During August 2008, International Monetary b) widen
Fund warned that the United Kingdom c) scatter
economic outlook had worsened due to a d) brittle
twin shock. What were the twin shocks? e) broadcast
a) Financial turmoil and commodity prices 8. on a par
b) Financial turmoil and rising commodity a) up to a scratch
prices b) of same value
c) Increasing exports and decreasing c) equal to
imports d) in contrast
d) Low industrial growth and increasing e) on the contrary
imports In the following questions, choose the
e) None of these word/group of words which is MOST OPPOSITE
4. A report of Office on National Statistics in meaning to the word/group of words printed
revealed that between 2005 and 2011, the in bold as used in the passage.
UK dropped from 5th place to 12th place in 9. Volatile
terms of a) stable
a) Exports on an international scale b) unstable
b) Imports on an international scale c) sincere
c) Household income on an international d) voracious
scale e) buxom
d) Agricultural productivity 10. Reveal
e) None of these a) Bring out
5. According to a report by Moodys, Britains b) Concentrate
debt to GDP ratio is expected to c) Concede
reach____ at the end of 2013. d) Conceal
a) 90 % e) Confer
89
cabcd, abbad
Passage-29
Indeed the western recession is really the beginning of good news for India! But to understand
that we will have to move away for a while from the topic of western recession . To the Japanese
style of management has been admired. However, over the last decade or so, one key
question has sprung up if Japanese management style is as wonderful as described then
why has Japan been in a recession for more than a decade?
The answer to this question is very simple. Culture plays a very important part in shaping
up economies. What succeeds in one culture fails in another. Japanese are basically non
materialistic. And however rich they become, unlike others, they cannot just keep throwing and
buying endlessly. And once they have everything they need; there is a saturation point. It was only
when companies like Toyota realized that they cannot keep selling cars endlessly to their home
market that they went really aggressive in the western markets and the rest is history. Japanese
companies grew bigger by catering to the world markets when their home markets shrunk.
And the markets have to shrink finally after attaining a level of affluence! And thats great for the
world because earth needs sustainable development. It does not need monstrous consumers who keep
consuming at the cost of the environment and the earth. There should be limits to growth so that
consumers are not converted into material dustbins for the profit of a handful of corporations.
Owing to the materialistic culture elsewhere, it was possible to keep selling newer products to the
consumers despite having existing ones which served equally well. They were lured through advertising
and marketing techniques of dustbinisation of the customer; and then finally, once they became ready
customers, they were given loans and credits to help them buy more and more. When all the creditworthy
people were given loans to a logical limit, they ceased to be a part of the market. Even this would have
been understandable if it could work as an eye opener. Instead of taking the Right Step as Toyota did,
they preferred to take a shortcut. Now banks went to the non-creditworthy people and gave them loans.
The people expectedly defaulted and the entire system collapsed.
Now like Toyota western companies will learn to find new markets. They will now lean towards
India because of its common man! The billion plus population in the next 25 years will become, a
consuming middleclass. Finally, the worlds attention will shift to the developing world. Finally, there will
be a real surge in income of these people and in the next fifty odd years, one can really hope to see an
equal world in terms of material plenty, with poverty being almost nonexistent! And this will happen not
by selling more cars to Americans and Europeans. It will happen by creating markets in India, China, Latin
America and Africa, by giving their people purchasing power and by making products for them.
The recession has made us realize that it is not because of worse management techniques,
but because of limits to growth. And they will realize that it is great for planet earth. After all, how
man cars and houses must the rich own before calling it enough? Its time for them to look at others
as well. Many years back, to increase his own profits, Henry Ford had started paying his workers
more, so that they could buy his cars. In similar fashion, now the developed world will pay they
developing world people so that they can buy their cars and washing machines.
The recession will kick start the process of making the entire world more prosperous,
and lay the foundation of limits to growth in the west and the foundation of real globalization
in the world of the globalization of prosperity. And one of its first beneficiaries will be India.
1. What does the author mean by the Right Step in the passage?
a) Giving loans to creditworthy people only
b) Considering market growth along with environment protection
c) Restricting people to buy only such products which are needed by them.
d) To start looking at newer avenues and markets.
e) None of these
2. Although admire since years, why did the skepticism over the Japanese management
style start since the last decade?
a) Japanese companies have been moving out of their home markets since the last decade
90
b) Japanese banks have provided loans indiscriminately to the creditworthy as well
as non-creditworthy people.
c) Because Japanese markets have been going through a period of continuous
recession since the last decade.
d) The unlimited growth of the Japanese markets has come at the cost of the
western market. e) None of these
3. Why does the author foresee the markets being created in the developing countries
instead of America and Europe?
a) All developing countries have materialistic culture
b) Developing countries are willing to make an effort to achieve globalization.
c) American and European markets have had a large number of credit defaulters.
d) Recession has not hit the markets of developing countries yet.
e) None of these
4. According to the author, what is the main cause of Japanese recession?
a) Only a handful of corporations earned profits and not the people in general.
b) Non creditworthy people defaulted which led to a collapse of the entire system
c) Consumers were solid newer products which were similar in quality to the existing ones
d) Japanese do not purchase endlessly and thus when products had been sold to
every customer, the markets slowed down.
e) None of these
5. How does the author foresee the future globalization as an analogy to Henry Fords
example? A) Car companies would start selling cars in developing countries as well.
B) By paying the developing world the developed world would increase its own profit,
in turn bringing affluence to developing world as well
C) To earn profit, the companies in developing countries would move to
foreign land a) Only A
b) Only B
c) Only C
d) Only A and C
e) None of these
6. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT an effect of providing loans
and credits to the customers?
A) The non-creditworthy people defaulted
B) People bought new products which were not
needed C) Poverty became non existent
a) Only A
b) Only B
c) Only A and B
d) Only B and C
e) Only C
7. Why is recession the beginning of good news for India in the authors view?
A) India can provide an attractive market to the western companies
B) India has remained largely unaffected by recession owing to its huge population
C) Indians keep purchasing products despite owning equally good products
a) Only C
b) Only B
c) Only A
d) Only B and C
e) None of these
8. What does the author mean by Dustbinisation of the customer?
a) Convincing the customer to buy products he does not need b)
Denying the non-creditworthy people of any loans
c) Denying more loans to people who have already taken loans to a logical
limit d) Moving from old customers at the home market to foreign markets
91
e) None of these
9. Why according to the author is the current recession great for Planet Earth?
A) It will make people non materialistic like the Japanese
B) The unlimited market growth which caused hazards to the environment would be
checked to a certain extent
C) Banks will now provide loans only to the creditworthy
people D) Developing countries will also be benefited by
shifted markets. a) Only A
b) Only B and D
c) Only A and B
d) Only B
e) None of these
dcedb, eccb
92
Para Jumble
Direction (1-5): Rearrange the following six sentences A, B, C, D, E and F in the proper sequence so as to
form a meaningful paragraph, and then answer the questions given below them.
A) It was further revived by a Boston publishing firm, and from that time mother Goose continued and
grew in fame and interested till date.
B) The first collection of verses under her name was publishing in London in book from by John Newbery.
C) There were known long before they were designated as Mother Goose rhymes.
D) Some rhymes can be traced to popular ballads, folk songs and games, political satire, ancient
proverbs, cries of street vendors, real or legendary events.
E) About twenty five years later the book was reprinted in the Unite state in Worcester, Massachusetts.
F) In fact unit the eighteenth century Mother Goose did not have a name in print in English literature.
1. Which of the following will be the last sentence?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
2. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
3. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
4. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
5. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
Directions (6-10): Rearrange the following five sentence (A),(B),(C),(D) and (E) in the proper sequence so
as to form a meaningful paragraph : then answer the question given below them.
(A) The basic justification of this scrutiny is to divest unrestricted investments from certain low priority
area.
(B) The Govt. has decided in principle to throw open to private sector which is reserved for the
unrestricted sector.
(C) Only those industries are proposed to be reserved for the unrestricted sector, which fall in the high
priority areas.
(D) In addition the government is also occupied in an analysis of the existing range of unrestricted
investment.
(E) This will enable the government to abolish the monopoly of any sector in the field of publish services
except these priority sectors.
6. Which sentence should come LAST in the paragraph?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
7. Which sentence should come THIRD in the paragraph?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
8. Which sentence should come FOURTH in the paragraph?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
9. Which sentence should come FIRST in the paragraph?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
10. Which sentence should come SECOND in the paragraph? (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Directions (11-15): Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) and (F) in the proper sequence
to form a meaningful paragraph : then answer the question given below them.
(A) To propose the idea of becoming perfected is not the same as saying that we human
beings can be perfect.
(B) It only means that we are capable of learning, changing and growing throughout the
span of our earthly life.
(C) Learning is the process that begins at birth and lasts till death.
(E) Given that we are here to continually learn on the journey of life, it seems that the
ultimate goal of learning is the perfection of our souls.
(F) Nor that we should be perfect in everything.
93
11. Which of the following should be the SECOND statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
12. Which of the following should be the FIRST statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
13. Which of the following should be the FIFTH statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
14. Which of the following should be the SIXTH statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
15. Which of the following should be the THIRD statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) In this early period a good memory was a prerequisite for success and poets like Homer memorized
their work before it was even written down.
(B) If we have to remember everything will it not increase the feeling of stress?
(C) Today memory is widely regarded as a useful aid to survival.
(D) However it is not what we grasp but what we fall to forgetting a file, key points at an interview-which
causes stress.
(E) Some people however are of the view that having an exceptional memory in a world of high pressure
working is a disadvantage.
(F) To our ancestors thought, in the absence of the printing press it was much more it was the slate on
which history was recording.
16. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
17. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
18. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
19. Which of the following will be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
20. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
Directions (21-25): Rearrange the following sentence (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence
to form a meaningful paragraph: then answer the question given below them.
(A) In fact he believed that customers are the origin the source of the money we have
(B) The customer thus has the power to fire everybody in the company from the chairman to down.
(C) Management can ensure this doesnt happen by motivating employees to cultivate
meaningful relationships with customers.
(D) Sam Walton built his Walmart Business Empire knowing there was only one boss the customer,
(E) So it is not the company which pays us but the customer.
(F) He can achieve this by simply spending his money elsewhere.
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
22. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
23. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
24. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
94
(A) Irrespective of hierarchical level, he would give undivided attention to those who voiced ideas.
(B) He would then ask him risk some probing questions and turn to his senior most manager to get there
impletnented.
(C) What set him apart from other industrialists was that he was not interested in demonstrating his
power over his employees.
(D) This is a prime example of how he fostered the participation of everyone pf in the organisation.
(E) For example he would typically look intently at a young engineer presenting his ideas.
(F) Instead he thought of himself as one of them.
26. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
27. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
28. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
29. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
30. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
Directions (31-35):Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) and (F) in the proper sequence
(A) Assuming that all these reasons are true, the fact remains that there is an urgent need to check the
accelerated costs and initiate suitable measures.
(B) Some people attribute it to the increasing greediness among the medicos.
(C) The Impact of these measures will be visible only after a considerable passage of time.
(D) Health care costs have been sky-rocketing our country.
(E) The measures include yoga classes with emphasis on physical and mental exercises and also change
in food habits.
(F) Certain others feel that it is because of drastic changes in people lifestyle and eating habit.
31. Which of the following would be the FIRST statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
32. Which of the following would be the SECOND statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
33. Which of the following would be the FOURTH statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
34. Which of the following would be the FIFTH statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
35. Which of the following would be the SIXTH (LAST) statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) As a result the nonstop tensions and anxieties at work often result in health relate problems.
(B) The truth is we cannot change the word of work.
(C) We spend at least half our working hours at work.
(D) We have there form to take charge and transform the way in which we respond our work
environment.
(E) So how can we control these problems at work?
(F) However we can change the way we feel and deal with various situations.
36. Which of the following should be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
37. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
38. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after the rearrangement?
95
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
39. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
40. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) Expansion of retail banking especially has a lot of scope, since retail assets are just 22 percent of the
total banking assets.
(B) Where they do not find it viable to open branches they may open satellite offices in these areas.
(C) There is tremendous scope for the expansion of banking in in-dia.
(D) Banks can also diversify beyond cities to semi urban and rural areas.
(E) In these ways a transition from class banking to mass banking can take place.
(F) They can also collaborate with local stakeholders in order to extend microcredit services to those
living there.
41. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
42. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
43. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
44. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
45. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after the rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) In all varieties of homour, especially the subtle once it is therefore what the reader thinks which
given extra meaning to these verses.
(B) But such a verse may also be enjoyed at the surface level.
(C) Nonsense verse is not of the most sophisticated form of literature.
(D) This fulfills the authors main intention in such a verse which is to give pleasure.
(E) However the reader who understands the broad of implications of the content and allusion finds
greater pleasure.
(F) The reason being it requires the reader to supply a meaning be yond the surface meaning.
46. Which of the following is the FIFTH sentence?
(1) D (2) E (3) B (4) C (5) A
47. Which of the following is the SNIXTH (LAST) sentence?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) A (5) C
48. Which of the following is the FIRST sentence?
(1) E (2) A (3) F (4) D (5) C
49. Which of the following is the SECOND sentence?
(1) A (2) E (3) F (4) B (5) C
50. Which of the following is the THIRD sentence?
(1) A (2) B (3) F (4) C (5) D
Directions (51-55 )Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) and (F) in the proper sequence
(A) What appears to be emerging is a new kind of warfare.
(B) This does not mean the advocacy of isolation or going back to concept of a nut and
bolt from of self-reliance.
(C) Issue of national security is no longer simple consideration of defense but is closely
intertwined with many other aspects.
(D) We need to address newer and more sophisticated concepts of protecting our
strategic interests. 96
(E) Trade, commerce, investment creation of knowledge base and its application are
depends on national security.
(F) If country does not learn to master these new realities of life, all our aspiration to
ensure the prosperity of our people may come to naught.
51. Which of the following should be the THIRD statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
52. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
53. Which of the following should be the FOURTH statement after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) D (3) E (4) A (5) B
54. Which of the following should be the FIRST statement after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
55. Which of the following should be the SECOND statement after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
(A) For instance, if we measure the room temperature continuously and plot its graph with time as X-
axis, we get a continuous were from, which is an analog signal Analog is always continuous.
(B) The absence or presence of something can be used to plot a digital signal.
(C) An analog signal is a continuously varying signal, similar to a nusoidal, waveform.
(D) Any signal can be classified into one of the two types analog and digital.
(E) In contrast, a digital signal take the form of pulse, where we have something or nothing.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
57. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
Directions (61-65): Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) and (F) in the proper
sequence to form a meaningful paragraph: then answer the question given below them.
(A) However while reading they would not know when to pause and what to emphasize.
(B) Since then there use has been followed by all.
(C) In earlier days people learnt reading out loud.
(D) But not everybody used the same punctuations for the same think.
(E)To address this problem, various sings depicting various punctuation were introduced.
(F) Thus firmer guidelines regarding punctuation were framed so that everyone used them in similar
way.
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) E (3) D (4) F (5) C
63. Which of the following should be the FIFTGH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) A (4) E (5) F
(1) C (2) E (3) D (4) B (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
97
(A) Had it been not for them, Indian banks would have had their hands tied down too.
(B) Today almost all the countries are facing the heart of recession.
(C) One of there is the strict RBI and SEBI rules which regulated banking sector very efficiently.
(E) However there are a few things which help India in bouncing bank from the state of recession.
(F) Like others India too has not remained immune to the epidemic.
(1) A (2) E (3) D (4) F (5) C
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) C (2) E (3) D (4) B (5) F
(1) A (2) E (3) D (4) F (5) C
(A) The blame for lacking creativity is however, put on the present generation by the modern
educationists.
(B) The concept of home work began so that the pupils could revise that was being taught in the class.
(C) By doing so, most of the schools took away the leisure time of the children.
(D) Instead, these educationists should suggest lowering of burden of handwork to the commission for
educational reforms.
(E) The purpose of this concept was however, defeated when the school started with so called
homework.
(F) Lack such leisure time does not allow the children to develop creative pursuits.
(1) A (2) E (3) D (4) F (5) C
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) E (3) D (4) F (5) C
(A) With all the bid information being available and tracked online, corruption has been considerably
reduced.
(B) Today most i.e. over ninety-five per cent householder in the city enjoy a broadband connection.
(C) All city contracts are now bid for online.
(D) Over twenty years ago the city government, central government and the private sector made a
concerted effort to shift the economy in include IT.
(E) As our cities continue to expand and become more complex, such a system will make governance
more manageable.
(F) This level of connectedness has changed not only the citys economy but also how it is governed and
how business is conducted.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
98
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(A) As a result the nonstop tensions and anxieties at work often result in health related problems.
(B) The truth is we cannot change the word work.
(C) We spend at least half our working hours at work.
(D) We have therefore to take change and transform the way in which we respond to our work
environment.
(E) So how can we control these problems and perform at work?
(F) However we can change the way we feel and deal with various situations.
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) With all the bid information being available and tracked online corruption has considerably reduced.
(B) Today most i.e. over ninety-five percent householder in the city enjoy broad band connection.
(C) All city contracts are now bid online.
(D) Over twenty year ago the city government, central government and private sector made effort to
shift the economy to include IT.
(E) As our cities to expand and become more complex such a system will make governance more
manageable.
(F) This level of connectedness has changed not only the city economy but also how it is governed and
how business is conducted.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
90. Which of the following should be the SIXTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(A) In fact according to mainstream economists it is inevitable and a necessary evil in any economy.
(B) It is thus important foe every nation to maintain this reserve of labour force to
maintain an optimal level of unemployment.
99
(C) Unemployment is popularly believed to be an index which measures the economic
condition of a nation.
(D) This is because it help avert inflation by providing a reserve army of labour which
keeps wages in check.
(E) The problem, however only emerges when governments indirectly facilitate
unemployment in order to curb inflation through various policies and frameworks,
depriving a large population of its fundamental rights.
(F) But contrary to popular belief unemployment is not always disadvantageous to the
economy of a state
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) E (3) D (4) F (5) C
Directions (96-100):Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) and (F) in the proper
(A) However, many people may not be aware of the numerous other areas where it has been applied.
(B) Today, even those who have little knowledge about the production of virtual reality are
now most likely aware of its use in video game.
(C) Similarly, medical student have substituted a cadaver for a fiberglass could of a body
and headset when training to perform surgery.
(D) Virtual reality was an unfamiliar concept to many people till the early 90s.
(E) Introducing virtual reality to the real world thus, has already proven to be beneficial for
every industry it encounters.
(F) For example: astronaut trainees have recently used virtual reality to simulate a trip to space.
(1) E (2) F (3) A (4) D (5) B
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
98. Which of the following should be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
Directions (101-105):Rearrange the following seven sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E),(F) and (G)in the
proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph: then answer the question given below them.
(A) But seriously, how much would you pay to know what thoughts are swimming around
in someone elses head?
(B) In most fictional movies thus the idea of reading minds of seeing the private intentions of
another, and the possibility of intervening in those plans has always been highly attractive
(C) Such fantastical questions have long been the bread and butter of fiction.
(D) Today, more than four centuries since the phrase, A penny for your thought?, was
first recorded, inflationary accounting makes that ancient penny worth more than $ 40.
(E) The going rate for a thought- a probe into the thinking of another- was once quite a baragain.
(F) And if you could really know their truthfulness how much more would you pay?
100
(G) Even with the sliding value of the dollar, this still seems quite a bargain.
(1) F (2) D (3) C (4) G (5) A
(1) A (2) B (3) G (4) D (5) F
(1) E (2) G (3) C (4) B (5) A
104. Which of the following should be the SEVENTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) F (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
Directions (106-110): Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D) and (E) in the proper sequence
(A) Our baseline study in couple of districts with lower sex selection than the national average revealed
that community members have no regard for womens rights like right to education, reproduction rights.
(B) Breakthrough commenced work in the state on gender biased sex selection in 2012 and in
that year census had pointed that there were 879 girls to 1000 in the state.
(C) Eventually, we would like to reduce discrimination against the girl child.
(D) The initiative is against gender biased sex selection, which is discriminatory and part
of social and economic issues.
(E) At these destinations, the locals who have been fighting discrimination against women within
their families communities and villages and cities, will be turning up and supporting our initiative.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
109. Which of the following should be the FOURTH after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
110. Which of the following should be the LAST sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) Speculations on future events in the epidemiology, evolution and biological expression of
dengue are presented.
(B) At the root of the emergence of dengue as a major health problem are changes in
human demography and behavior, leading to unchecked populations of and increased
exposure to the principal domestic mosquito vector, Aedes aegypati. Virus-specified
factors also influence the epidemiology of dengue.
(C) The risk of sequential infections and consequently the incidence of DHF, has risen
dramatically, first in Asia and now in the Americas.
(D) A severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), is an immunopathologic disease
occurring in persons who experience sequential dengue infections
(E) In the last 20 years the in dence of dengue fever epidemics has increased and hyper-
endemic transmission has been established over a geographically expanding area.
(F) Dengue viruses are members of the flaviviridae, transmitted principally in a cycle
involving humans and mosquito vectors.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) F
101
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
114. Which of the following should be the FOUETH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) Faced with a choice between the crown and his love, Edward VIII chose to step down.
(B) The kings marriage to Simpson also raised the possibility of an American queen, a sacrilegious idea in
the eyes of this subjects.
(C) Simpsons first divorce proved even more problematic it was granted based on emotion in
compatibility, and may not have been recognized under both Church and English law.
(D) As the head of the Church of England, Edward could not marry a divorced woman whose former
husband (let alone husbands) remained alive.
(F) Seventy-seven years ago, in a move unprecedented since the glorious Revolution of 1688, King
emperor Edward VIII abdicated the throne.
116. Which of the following should be the FARST sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) F
118. Which of the following should be the FORTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
119. Which of the following should be the FIFTH senten ce after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) But the conventional wisdom is wrong.
(B) The assumption is that planting trees and avoiding further deforestation provides a carbon capture
and storage facility on the land.
(C) Considering all the interactions, large scale increases in forest cover can actually make global
warming worse.
(D) Deforestation accounts for about 20 percent of global emissions of carbon dioxide.
(E) That is the conventional wisdom.
(F) In reality, the cycling of carbon energy and water between the land and atmosphere is much more
complex.
121. Which of the following should be SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
122. Which of the following should be THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
123. Which of the following should be FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) D
124. Which of the following should be FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
125. Which of the following should be LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) F
102
Directions (126-130): Rearrange the following seven sentence A, B, C, D, E, F and G in the
proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.
(A) In the other words, floor and droughts are built into the countries monsoonal ecology.
(B) It pours cats and dogs they said.
(C) In the remaining 8,660 hours there is hardly any precipitation.
(D) If the rain is not caught and stored, it will be impossible to live in this country.
(E) But most of it pours down in a mere hundred hours.
(F) India gets more rain annually 1,100 mm, on an average than any other part of the world.
(G) When the British came to India they were struck by the amount it rained here.
126. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence?

(1) G (2) A (3) C (4) D (5) F
127. Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence?
(1) C (2) D (3) F (4) G (5) B
128. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence?
(1) F (2) C (3) E (4) F (5) D
129. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence?
(1) A (2) C (3) D (4) F (5) G
130. Which of the following will be the LAST sentence?
(1) G (2) A (3) C (4) D (5) F
Directions (121-125): Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) and (F),(G) in the proper
(A) The history of that system is however, a warning than a stimulus to reorganize a similar scheme.
(B) However, we cant resign our -selves merely because there are no data.
(C) One of the commonest risk which agricultural life is exposed to in this country is famine or failure of
crops.
(E) A kind of famine Insurance system was attempted by the British government of India in the last
century.
(F) Still, the need for such a scheme to cover the losses due to famine, cattle plague crop pests, etc,
Cannot be undermined.
(G) It is obviously because of failure of rain and the consequence is starvation.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(1) E (2) D (3) B (4) C (5) A
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) E (5) F
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) E
(1) B (2) G (3) D (4) E (5) F
(A) The group of Egyptians provide answer to all his question as they were impressed by
the visitors keen observation and intellectual curiosity.
(B) From time to time he glanced at the map in his guide book to make sure that he was following.
(C) All the effects were directed toward his goal to write a book on the people he met.
(D) On one bright day, famous traveler and writer from the west was listening to a group
of Egyptians who described to him the wonders of their country.
(E) Back in his room he industriously set down his facts and his impressions in an elaborate file of notes.
(F) Repeatedly he interrupted with pertinent question about Egyptian antiquities or local
customs or the latest crisis in the Middle East.
136. Which of the following would be the FIRST sentence after
rearrangement? 103
(1) A (2) F (3) C (4) D (5) E
137. Which of the following would be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
138. Which of the following would be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
139. Which of the following would be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) F (4) D (5) E
140. Which of the following would be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) E
(A) The application of economic, environmental and consumer pressures have been on an increase in
recent years.
(B) As a result, our agro-food production and technology are amongst the most advanced in the world.
(C) They are thus able to provide expertise and technology to satisfy the need of agro-food production.
(D) In turn the support industries have developed to an equally advanced state.
(E) They have also equipped them-selves with the necessary expertise to satisfy the most exacting
requirements of the overseas markets.
(F) These have greatly influenced the development of the agriculture and food industries in our country.
141. Which of the following he should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
142. Which of the following he should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
143. Which of the following he should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
144. Which of the following he should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
145. Which of the following he should be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement?
(1) F (2) E (3) D (4) C (5) B
Directions (136-140): Rearrange the following six sentence (A),(B),(C),(D),(E) (F)and (G),(H) in the proper
(A) But I always felt somewhere in my mind that I loved acting.
(B) He never wanted me to be an actor as he did not look upon theatre or acting as respectable in my
family.
(C) Firstly there was no tradition of theatre in my family.
(D) I am talking specifically of acting not theatre in general.
(E) My parents were old fashioned.
(F) I will answer all your que ries a little elaborately.
(G) Let alone theatre arts in general had no place or respect in my family.
(H) My father was a government servant.
146. Which of the following will be the LAST sentence..?
(1) G (2) C (3) H (4) D (5) E
147. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence..?
(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) F
148. Which of the following will be the SIXTH sentence..?
(1) B (2) C (3) A (4) D (5) E
149. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence..?
(1) D (2) E (3) A (4) B (5) G
150. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence..?
(1) H (2) E (3) G (4) C (5) A
104
ANSWER
105
Cloze Test
Directions (1 -10): In following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been
numbered. Against each, five words have suggested, one of which fits the blank
appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
Agriculture is a (1) sector of our economy and credit plays an important role in increasing
agriculture production. Availability and access to adequate, timely and lost cost credit from institutional
of great (2) especially to small and marginal farmers. Along with other outputs, credit is essential for
establishing sustainable and (3) farming systems. Most farmers are small producers engaged in
agricultural activities in areas of widely (4) potential. Experience has shown that easy access to financial
services at affordable cost (5) affects productivity, asset formation and income and food security of the
rural poor. The major concern of the government therefore, is to bring the entire farmers household
within banking (6) and promote complete financial inclusion. Government has initiated several policy
measures to improve the accessibility of farmers to institutional sources of credit. The (7) of these
policies has been progressive institutionalization for providing timely and adequate credit support to all
farmers in order to (8) them to adopt modern technology and improved agricultural practices for
increasing agricultural production and productivity. The policy (9) emphasis on (10) credit flow at ground
level.
1. a) integral b) Centre c) dominant d) proven e) highest
2. a) view b) importance c) urgency d) source e) choice
3. a) isolated b) apportioned c) abject d) continuous e) profitable
4. a) justified b) true c) most d) varying e) catering
5. a) not b) seriously c) must d) positively e) patiently
6. a) loans b) fold c) premises d) area e) branch
7. a) truth b) aim c) goals d) founder e) course
8. a) make b) supply c) enable d) reach e) focus
9. a) gives b) keeps c) set d) always e) lays
10.a) augmenting b) sending c) submitting d) receiving e) limiting
DIRECTIONS (11-20): In following passage, there are blanks, each of which has
been numbered. Against each, five words have suggested, one of which fits the blank
Visual experiences can(11) children , teenagers, and even adults learn and absorb more due to
its highly stimulating and(12) engaging impact, it is for this reason that we are seeing an increase in
schools across the globe (13) content providing programmes into their class curriculum to (14) lessons
through videos. Visual excursions and school collaborations are (15) by advances in high definition video,
high fidelity audio and content sharing, allowing students to experience a richer and more stimulating
learning experience.
Schools that have previously transported students to excursions in (16), now face increased
transportation costs, higher insurance premium, attendance costs for families and strict duty of care
policies for students while (17) school property. Virtual excursions (18) students to improve their
presentation, research, learning, speaking skills while they engage in live learning session. Students also
now have the ability to meet peers from many cultures, speak to subject-matter (19) like authors
practice a foreign language with students from another country, and learn about global issues from the
(20) of their own classrooms.
11. a) help b) aiding c) prescribe d) feature e) present
12. a) plus b) lonely c) ably d) many e) deeply
13. a) incorporating b) pressing c) following d) parting e) leaving
14. a) make b) demand c) impart d) vision e) need
15. a) dissolved b) enhanced c) measured d) failed e) blasted
16. a) deed b) parent c) total d)person e) lieu
17. a) involving b) saving c) away d) off e) vacating
106
18. a) let b) enable c) present d) pressure e) collect
19. a) clauses b) dictionaries c) books d) experts e) partners
20. a) vacancy b) availability c) safety d) comfortable e) gap
DIRECTIONS (21-30): In following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been
numbered. Against each, five words have suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find
out the appropriate word in each case.
Economic development of country is (21) to their individual growth. In a developing country like
India, small scale industries play a significant role. In economic development of the country. They are a
(22) segment Indian economy in terms of their contributions towards countrys industrial production,
exports, employment and creation of an entrepreneurial base.
These industries by and large represent a stage in economic (23) from traditional to modern
technology. Small industry plays a very important role in widening the base of entrepreneurship. The
development of small industries (24) an easy and effective means of achieving broad based ownership of
industry, the diffusion of enterprise and initiative in the industrial field.
Given their importance, the government policy framework right from the First plan has (25) need for the
development of SSI sector keeping in view its (26) importance in overall all economic development of
India. Accordingly, the policy support from the Government support from the Government towards
Small scale industries has tended to be (27) and favorable to the development of small entrepreneurial
class. Government accords the (28) preference to development of SSI by framing and implementing (29)
policies and promotional schemes.
The most important promotional policy of the Government for the SSIs is fiscal (30) in the form of tax
concession and exemptions direct or indirect taxes leviable on production or profits.
21. a) related b) relating c) concentrated d) resembled e) assimilated
22. a) mean b) vital c) insignificance d) visual e) insignificant
23. a) translation b) transferring c) translation d) transition e) transitional
24. a) offer b) offers c) differ d) differs e) encourage
25. a) highlighting b) highlighted c) heighten d) demeaning e) demeaned
26. a) strategy b) less c) complex d) strategic e) meager
27. a) conductive b) congruence c) unsuitable d) unfit e) unfair
28. a) high b) higher c) highest d) measurable e) lowest
29. a) unsuitable b) suitable c) suitably d) strategy e) unmatched
30. a) incentives b) imperatives c) needs d) improvement e) help
DIRECTIONS (31-40): In following passage, there are blanks, each of which has
been numbered. Against each, five words have suggested, one of which fits the blank
There is already an extensive empirical literature often using growth accounts that (31)
these and other aspects of Indias economic growth. Many of studies (32) one or more of the
following topics. First, a number of analyses (33) focused on characterizing Indias economic
performance at the most aggregate level. While there is agreement that growth did indeed improve
during the past quarter century, researchers have reached varying conclusions on some issues
such as the timing and precise magnitude of this acceleration, and the relative importance of
changes in domestic policy. There are on-going discussions over the extent in which the current
growth can be maintained and various means by (34) it might be creased.
Second, analysts have examined the behavior of particular outputs sectors. A number
of authors have studied productivity in manufacturing reaching wide a range of conflicting
conclusions. However, as explained in detail by Golder and Mira (2002),differences in foreign
in the findings can be (35) to a variety of measurement issues, such as the use of single
versus double deflation to construct estimates of real growth in manufacturing value added.
Golder (2004) provides a careful recent updates showing that TFP growth in manufacturing
(36) to have slowed in the post reform period- raising additional puzzles discussed below.
107
However, (37) difficulties in measuring employment within individual industries, our analysis
focuses (38) on the broader industrial sector. The 2 studies that focus on Indias services sector (many of
which discuss the issue of sustainability), and those that discuss agriculture, are discussed in the body of
the paper.
Given the large body of prior research, many of the results to be discussed below (39) already in
well to those field. None-the-less, this paper seeks to make a contribution to that literature in a variety
of ways. In particular, the growth accounting framework, combined with our emphasis on data issues,
pulls together concerns have typically been treated separately, and some cases, raise implications that
do not appear to have been (40) recognized. Our updated growth accounts incorporate recent data
revisions, some of which are quite large. They also provide new estimates for contributions to overall
growth within the major economic sectors versus the gains from the real location of labor and capital
among factors.
Furthermore, we have examined a variety of additional data in our analysis of the role of capital
accumulation providing estimates of the returns to schooling for human capital, and reporting on
trends in sectoral saving and investment, for physical capital. Thus, this paper is comprised of four
remaining sections. The next section details the construction of growth accounts for India, with
considerable attention paid to the quality of underlying data.
31. a) examine b) examines c) forecast d) forecasts e) augur
32. a) address b) denote c) addresses d) facilitate e) evolve
33. a) has b) will c) should have d) have e) had
34. a) which b) that c) if d) whether e) whose
35. a) devote b) attributes c) attributed d) decided e) developed
36. a) appeared b) appears c) looked d) seemed e) forecast
37. a) due to b) because c) for want of d) than e) that
38. a) primary b) primarily c) chief d) prime e)elementary
39. a) is b) was c) shall d) will e) are
40. a) consistent b) consistency c) haphazardly d) irregular e)turbulently
Directions (41-50): In following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been
numbered. Against each, five words have suggested, one of which fits the blank
The (41) of losing your job is getting smaller and smaller. As company has improved and
employers have (42) confidence, companies have been steadily shedding fewer workers. The trend
means greater job security and suggests a critical turning point in the economic recovery. It (43) the
hope that workers pay will finally accelerate after grinding through a sluggish recovery for the past half-
decade. When the economy (44) into recession at the end of 2007, employers cut deeply into their
staffs. And during recovery, they hired only (45) instead; they thought to maximize the productivity of
their existing employees. But in recent months the picture has (56). Employers have added 200,000- plus
jobs for five straight months, and employment rate has reached 6.1%, the lowest since 2008. Now the
steadily declining level of layoffs suggests that employers may have to hire even more (47) and raise pay
if they want to expand their businesses. The shortage of laid off workers searching for jobs means that
more companies need to pay more to (48) talent. Other data confirm that across the economy, job cuts
have reached unusually low levels. Total layoffs in May dropped below pre-recession levels. Still, while
layoffs have fallen 7.5 %this year, actual hiring has increased just 3 percent. Thats big reason the job
markets might not seem as healthy as the series of strong monthly net job gains might suggest. Even so,
more people with jobs means more people with paychecks, which tends to (49) consumer spending and
growth. After a sharp (50) in the economy. In the first three months of year, most economists expect
growth to exceed a 3 % annual pace in the second half of 2014.
41. a) risk b) dangerous c) risky d) prosperity e) aspect
42. a) regain b) regained c) been regained d) been lost e) lost
43. a) raised b) rose c) raises d) diminishes e) decreased
44. a) sink b) sank c) float d) swam e) floated
45. a) hesitating b) peacefully c) confidently d) rare e) hesitantly
46. a) brightened b) shining c) dooming d) brightening e) doomed
108
47. a) aggressively b) aggression c) faithful d) hesitant e) confidently
48. a) subtract b) attract c) attracting d) detract e) demean
49. a) strong b) weak c) weakening d) boosting e) boost
50. a) contraction b) contract c) contracting d) expand e) expanding
Directions (51-60): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been
numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are
suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
According to a report on 1991, there were about 5.4 billion people in the world. From 1990 to
1991, the population increased by 95 million and now has continued to grow at that rate. This may (51)
to be new danger, but if one were to think of it as a pond doubling its amount of lily pads for 40 days,
they would see it (52). It will start out with one lily pad, the next day it will have two and on the 39 th day
it will be (53) filled. The Earths population is doubling every 40 ears. We dont want to wait until the 79 th
year to (54) our problem or else humankind will not have enough time to change the inevitable (55) that
come with overpopulation.
An expert on the subject believes the impact on the environment is equal affluence, which
means the amount of energy and food supply the population (56). Therefore, with a larger population,
there is a (57) impact on the Earths water, air and land. A common problem, that people think is
associated with overpopulation is associated (58) out of space to live, but there are also many other
environmental predicaments that it (59) More people use more cars, need more water (60). Therefore,
population control is necessary on an international level in order to protect our environment.
51. a). Appear b). Seem c). Apparent d).Figure e). Believed
52. a). Accusingly b). Differently c). Faithfully d). Fact e). Cleared
53. a). Completely b). Subtly c). Forever d). Little e). Not
54. a). Answer b). Support c). Elevate d). Fix e). Pick
55. a). Obstacles b). High c). Personalities d). Doom e). Collisions
56. a). Assembles b). Makes c). Consumes d). Follows e). Gives
57. a). Minuscule b). Regular c). Enhanced d). Alternate e). Greater
58. a). Going b). Be c). Running d). Not e) . Travelling
59. a). Results b). Creates c). Hampers d). Causes e) Substantiates
60. a). Table b). Availability c). Sources d). Reception e). Depletion
There are experts who believe that population control is not needed such as in Singapore. The
government in Singapore decided that it would be better for the country to grow in population so that they
are (71) to help their economy. Many less developed countries (72) population growth because they want
their economy to grow. The experts who believe that it is better for us to let the population to increase or
decrease on its own also think that over population will never (73) a problem. (74) For this thinking is that
humans will adjust to the growing population because they are a species that are able to think, make
decisions and find solutions when they (75) a problem. Advocates of this (76) think that there is no need
to worry about environmental problems because there is or will be technology to fix the problems. As for
the (77) amount of resources, they believe that there would be more people to think of new ways to make
it easier or faster to get newer and more food and energy resources. Many people believe that
overpopulation will cause and has caused many environmental problems, but they dont think (78)
families how many children they are allowed to have is the (79) to control the population. However, there
has not been any other (80) suggestion on how to lower population growth, so limiting families to two
children is the only solution.
The worry about population started when it was noticed that many of the earths
resources and environment were being hurt.
d). Successful e). catering
71.a). Able b). Made c). Tried e). Demote
72.a). Farther b). Promote c). Witness d). Subject d).
e). Have
Provide
73.a). Lead b). Become c). Cause 109

74.a). Knowledge b). Reasons c). Projecting d). Truth e). Anticipation
75.a). Allow b). Generalise c). Encounter d). Find e). Suffer
76.a). Purpose b). Mentality c). Perception d). Mind e). Always
77.a). Less b). More c). Fewer d). Smaller e). Decreasing
78.a). That b). For c). About d). Of e). As
79.a). Solution b). Method c). Find d). Sample e). Importance
80.a). Valid b). Good c). Enough d). Successful e). Practical
The traditional method of managing credit risk is (81) diversification. Although (82) credit risk
through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by (83) of diversification (84) on
account of limited area of (85). During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by
way or securitization has (86) in popularity. The market for securitized assets has grown (87) in th e last
few years and is expected to grow further in the (88) years. This mode or credit risk mitigation is most
(89) to loans with standardized payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing
loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitization might (90)
client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.
81. a). By b). Onto c). For d). At e). Through
82.a). Watching b). Mitigating c).Taking d). Affording e). Seeing
83.a). Lack b). Supply c). Scarity d). Void e). Want
84.a). Luck b). Fortune c). Activities d). Opportunities e) Chance
85.a). Place b). Transaction c). Operations d). Dealing e). Work
86. a). Gained b). Sold c). Valued d). Bought e). Profited
87.a). Gigantic b). Slowly c). Slightly d). Needlessly e). Impressively
88.a). Yester b). Futuristic c). Golden d). Coming e). Past
89.a). Desired b). Suited c). Wanted d). Suitable e). Popular
90.a). Kill b). Lynch c). Promote d). Damage e). Burn
Direction (91-100):In the given passage, there are blanks, each of which has been
numbered. Against each, five words are suggested, one of words are suggested, one of
which fits the blank appropriately. Find the appropriate word in each case.
Changing an organizations culture is one of the most difficult leadership challenges. Thats
because an organizations culture (91) interlocking set of goals, roles, processes, values communications
practices, attitudes and assumptions. These elements (92) together as a mutually reinforcing system and
combine to prevent any (93) to change it. That is why single-fix challenges, such as the introduction of
teams. Of lean, or agile, or scrum or knowledge management or some new process, may (94) to make
progress for a while, but (95) the interlocking elements of the organizational culture (96) over and the
change is int exorably drawn (97) into the existing organizational culture. Changing a culture is large scale
undertaking and eventually all of the organizational focus for changing minds will need to be put in play.
However, the (98) in which they are deployed has a Critical (99) on the (100) of success.
91. a). Less b). Embrace c). Comprises d). Makes e).Composes
92.a). Amalgamate b). Conjoin c). Fit d). Stands e). Attach
93.a). Attempt b). Energy c). Ways d). Power e). Tries
94.a). Look b). Appear c). Perform d). Suspect e). Seek
95.a). Especially b). Presently c).Likely d). Eventually e). Lately
96.a). Bounce b). Throw c). Seize d). Jump e). Take
97.a). Forth b). Ahead c). Gain d). Set e). Back
98.a). Order b). Succession c). Idea d). Step e). Label
99.a). Affect b). Impact c). Control d). Jolt e). Shake
110
100.a). Change b). Odd c). Risk d). Likelihood e). Option
Generally a disaster (101) in significant loss in social, psychological, and economic aspects. It not
only (102) to structural damages, but also leaves families torn apart, children orphaned, livelihoods
destroyed, and communities traumatized.
Nonstructural factors such as lack of responsiveness of government officials and ineffective
leadership are mainly (103) for any disaster mismanagement. India is (104) to a variety of natural and
man-made disasters. Strong and effective emergency management has been a felt (105) in all corners of
the world. Effective policies play a vital role in mitigating the impact of disasters and (106) likely losses of
life and property.
Economic resources are important for any disaster management. (107) it has been recognized
that economic resources did not necessarily translate into greater investment in this domain, as there is
no (108) of issues that demanded governments attention and resources. Disaster management
has (109) acquired importance in the agenda of governance, unless there is a major natural or man-
made disaster. The major shortcomings observed in Indian disaster management, along with their
probable solutions, are discussed (200) an important basis.
101.a). Result b).Results c). Resulted d). Impedes e). Sends
102.a). Leads b). Leading c). Led d). Has led e) Will lead
103.a). Response b). Responding c). Responsible d). Liable e). Careful
104.a). Vulnerable b). Unaffected c). Strong d). Voracious e). Voluble
105.a). Needful b). Need c).voice d).vitality e).needs
106. a). Reduce b). Reduced c). Reducing d). Increase e). Increasing
107. a). If b). That c). Till d). Until e). Yet
108.a). Deficit b). Dearth c). Plenty d). Plentiful e). Scarce
109.a). Regularly b). Generally c). Parlicularly d). Often e). Seldom
110.a). On b). In c). Within d). Of e). With
Directions (111-120): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has
been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five
words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriate word in each case.
Women (111) up half the worlds population and yet represent a staggering 70% of the worlds
poor. We live in a world in whic h women liying in poverty face gross (112) and injustice from birth to
death. Form poor education to poor nutrition to (113) and low pay employment, the sequence of
discrimination that a woman may suffer during her entire life is unacceptable but all too common.
Millennium Development Goal 3 is to promote gender equality and empower women. This MDG
is critical for (114) poverty and improving prospects for women. But how can women break gender
based stereotypes to minimise discrimination and (115) gender based violence when they are trapped in
societies with socio-cultural practices which roptinely discriminate them from having equal opportunities
in education, health and livelihood! These women are invisible and the (116) in their way prevent them
from accessing the most basic human rights and needs. The outlook is bleak.
Women make up 70% of the worlds working hours and (117) only 10% of the worlds income and half of
what men earn. This leads to greater poverty slower economic growth and a (118) standard of living. In
developing countries, millions of women also die each year as a result of gender-based (119). This deep-
rooted gender discrimination creates a bleak outlook for women in developing countries. For millions of
girls living in poverty, it is often those closest to them who work against the childs interests and their
immediate environment is often (120) and sometimes, downright harmful. Parents arrange marriages
when you are a child. Neighbors say, if you are a girl, you must limit your activities to your home. Friends
say, it is OK not to go to school.
111.a). Made b). Make c). Look d). Has made e). Complete
112.a). Equality b). Affection c). Inequality d). Support e). Justice
111
113.a). Vulnerable b). Weakness c). Vulnerability d). Specific e). Weakest
114.a). Tackle b). Tackling c). Fight d). Tackled e). Fought
115.a). Increase b). Support c). Weak d). Reduce e). Influencing
116.a). Obstacles b). Make c). Pleasantries d). Pebbles e) Encouragements
117.a). Earns b). Earned c). Spend d). Earn e). Spends
118.a). Slow b). Slower c). Low d). Lowest e). Lower
119.a). Violence b). Violent c). Virulent d). Corruption e). Violation
120.a). Functional b). Natural c). Artificial d). Dysfunctional e) Disfunctional
Direction (121- 130): In the following passage there are blanks, each numbers are
printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits
the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
India with its 600universities and 35,000 colleges is the third (121) education system in the
world. But 68 per cent of these universities and 73 per cent of colleges are (122) to be medium or low
quality by Indian standard itself. With a severe shortage of quality higher education institutions, India
faces the challenge of education nearly 30per cent of its 1.1 billion people. Certainly, India requires many
more institutions of higher (123) since nearly 100 million students are going t o the higher education
market in the next 10 years. In such a scenario improving the standards of (124) universities and
establishing quality institutions should be our priority.
Steps should be (125) to reduce the disconnect between higher education institutions and
industry requirements. The possibilities of private sector contribution s in higher education should be
fully exploited. The practice of big business houses and philanthropists promoting quality universities in
the west could be (126) in India. But before initiating such private sector participation in higher
education the government should endure that there are proper checks and controls on the activities of
such entities. Also it is our recent experience that the mushrooming of substandard schools and (127)
universities (128) resulted in the deterioration of educational standards in India.
Upgrading the higher education sector especially in terms of patents filed and cutting edge research
output is essential in improving Indias global ranking. Our sustainable economic development depends
on human resources. A quality higher education base is essential (129) rape full benefits of our
demographic dividend. In its mission to redress inefficiencies in higher education, the strategies of the
12th plan focus on technical education, distance learning, quality research, infrastructure, faculty and
curriculum content. Wholehearted, coordinated efforts of the government departments and the private
sector are needed to (130) the plans educational goals.
121.a). Largest b). Large c).Larger d). Bigger e). Affluent
122.a). Founded b). Found c). Finding d). Being found e). Been founded
123.a). Learn b). Learning c). Played d). Paid e). Paying
124.a). Existing b). Existed c). Perished d). Excellent e). Exciting
125.a). Take b). Took c).Taken d). Stopped e). Forwarded
126.a). Repeated b). Replicated c). Copying d). Repeating e). Replicating
127.a). Deemed b). Deeming c). Dreaming d). Dreamt e). Deemful
128.a). Have b). Has c). Has been d). Have been e). Would be
129.a). For b). In c). With d). To e). By
130.a). Realise b). Realising c). Understand d). Achieving e). Realised
The fact that the majority of South Asias population of about 1.5 billion (131) in
villages points towards the need for marketers to develop a good understanding of rural
markets and the rural markets and the rural marketing phenomenon. For our purpose, we
define rural marketing (132) any marketing activity in which one dominant participant is
from a rural area. This implies that rural marketing comprises marketing of inputs to rural
markets as well as marketing of outputs from rural markets to (133) geographical areas.
112
It is not only the size of the population that makes rural markets in South Asia very (134) for
marketers in India. Rural markets (135) for a similar products too. Banking system, limited availability of
credit facilities, and problems of storage infrastructure are additional (136) for marketers. These
challenges need (137) solutions.
All the South Asian governments accord special (138) to the development of rural areas by
addressing issues such as poverty, unequal growth, and poor infrastructure. This has led to (139)
improvements in rural literacy levels in the last few years in all the South Asian countries, In addition,
investments by governments in improving farm productivity and generating greater employment
opportunities in rural areas have made rural markets in South Asia more (140) and prosperous
131.a). Believes b). Resides c). Concentrates d). Focuses e). Amalgamates
132.a). Since b).For c). By d).As e).While
133.a).Diverse b).Another c). Different d). Other e).Many
134.a).Valid b).Central c). Important d). Trivial e).Prime
135.a).Responded b).Counted c). Accounted d).Catered e).Seized
136.a).Attractions b). Obstacles c).Challenges d).Pitfalls e).Diversions
137.a).Pragmatic b). Scientific c). Radical d).Innovative e).Practical
138.a).Fund b).Budget c).Attention d).Primacy e).Resources
139.a).Appreciable b).Revolutionary c).Mind-boggling d).Astonishing e).Surprising
140. a).Appropriate b).Relevant c).Vibrant d).Challenging e).Dynamics
The rise of Asian manufacturers in 1990s hit African firms hard; many was wiped out. Northern
Nigeria, which one had (141) garments industry, was unable to (142) with low cost imports. South Africa
has similar problems it manufacturing failed to grow last (143) the continental Boom.
This is partially the (144) of governments. Buoyed by commodity income, they have neglected
Industries needs, (145) for roads and electricity. But Dad, too, main at last be changing. Wolfgang
Gentler, a World Bank economist, says, "Africa is now in a good position to industrialized with the right
mix of ingredients. This includes (146) demography, urbanization, an emerging middle class and strong
services. For this to happen, "he adds, "the continent will need to scale up its infrastructure (147) and
improve the business climate and many African countries have started to (148) these challenges in
recent years."
Kenya is not about to become (149) next South Korea. African countries are likely to follow a
more diverse path, benefiting from the growth of countless small and medium sized businesses, as well
as some big ones. For the next decade or so, services will still generate more jobs and wealth in Africa
then manufacturing which is fine India has (150) for more than two decades on the back of services,
while steadily building a manufacturing sector from a very low base. Do not bet against Africa doing the
same.
141.a)thriving b) flourish c)detractive d) dooming e) repulsive
142.a) competed b) compete c) complete d) surrender e) commensurate
143.a) inspite b) additional c) in addition d) despite e) despite of
144.a) fact b) quality c) fault d) default e) fiction
145. a)specific b) especially c) particular d) partially e) generally
146. a) favourable b) favourably c) ferocious d) special e) contrast
147.a)expenditures b) disinvestment c) Investments d) Development e) developing
148. a) tackle b) tackling c) decrease d) increase e) improve
149. a) a b) an c) the d) such e) 4
150. a) Boomed b) booming c) Boom d) expand e) plummeted
113
Without doubt there is one thing (151) to all of us we have all played a game at some time in
our lives. Most of us play to relax all have fun, but for many, playing a game or a sport is a way to (152)
poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (153) the lives of a
person's entire family.
For example, in the small towns of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (154) than a hundred boys and girls can
be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (155) and serious and their coach is (156) that
one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (157) but it is virtually a guarantee in this
small community (158) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the
world hail from this small town. A small hand painted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (159)"
welcome to the village of athletes." Children here start running at an early age (160) great distances to
fetch water and firewood or to reach School. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to
win more medals then those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.
151.a)popular b) accepted c) common d) alike e) similar
152.a) leave b) alleviate c) forgot d) prevent e) reduce
153.a) shift b) changes c) arrange d) control e) transform
154.a) larger b) further c) more d) greater e) over
155.a) performed b) concentrated c) rival d) focused e) Playful
156.a) confident b) convince c) optimist d) intended e)privilege
157.a)precaution b)boast c)suspicion d)risk e)worship
158.a)for b)existing c)that d)comprising e)consisting
159.a)wish b)warn c)inform d)notices e)reads
160.a)competing b)covering c)driving d)measuring e)following
Recently the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank released separate reports on
poverty. The World Bank report (161) its benchmark of extreme poverty by 25 cents from $1 per person
per day to $1.25 per person a day. The ADB announced and even higher benchmark of $1.35 per person
a day. These new Benchmarks are (162) on surveys in the world's poorest countries.
Expert often like to (163) that poverty has declined because of economic growth in India and
China. This is wrong and misleading. In the past 25 years the poverty rate in India has (164) by less than 1
% point a year. Whether we use a poverty line of $1 per person per day or $1.25 percent per day makes
little (165). The number of poor in India is large. The purpose of these statistics is not to dispute them
but to study weather the benefits of economic growth are being shared with the poor.
161.a)heightened b)announced c)raised d)maintained e)notified
162.a)based b)collected c)inferred d)derived e)gathered
163.a)realise b)claim c)discover d)recommend e)criticise
164.a)deplete b)plunge c)declined d)weaken e)fell
165.a)difference b)effect c)contrast d)question e)option
Marine life (166) along the coast and in the ocean results from harmful fishing practices such as
trawling or dynamite fishing; poor land use practices in agriculture, (167) development and forestry sectors; and
the human activities such as mining and anchoring. Destroyed habitates include sea grasses, marshes, corals
and mangroves- all of which are important nurseries for fish and Critical for buffering coats from Storm damage.
Damaging habitat can lead to increased (168) and sedimentation, increased impact from storms, fewer (169)
ground and fewer places for animals and plants to live. Destructive fishing, land based sedimentation, dredging,
marine recreation, typhoons and storms, poor agriculture practices, and coastal development and land (170)
increasingly (171) and devastate productive marine habitats. One major ecological impact derives from
increased sediment loads in coastal waters from
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activities such as logging. Sedimentation, which produces turbidity and limits the (172) of Sunlight (173)
primary and secondary producers - thus altering food web dynamics. The smothering of Coral reefs by
sediment also (174) fish and produces ecosystem changes. Chemicals in sediments, may bioaccumulate
in marine life as well. Oil spilling is also major problem for destruction of the (175) life.
166.a)destruction b)construction c)obstruction d)description e)evolution

167.a)coast b)coastal c)coasting d)bank e)edge
168.a)igneous b)deposit c)erosion d)metamorphic e)deposition
169.a)nursing b)hospitablity c)nourishing d)nursery e)helpful
170.a)reclamation b)accumulate c)accommodation d)deserting e)habitat
171.a)add b)impair c)sound d)destructive e)construct
172.a)penetrate b)filter c)obstruction d)passing e)penetration
173.a)effects b)affects c)endangers d)facilitates e)reduces
174.a)increases b)negates c)reduces d)produce e)reduced
175.a)coastal b)ocean c)marine d)land e)forest

Indian culture is rich and (176) and as a result unique in its very own way. Our manners, way
of communicating with one another, etc. are one of the important components of our culture. Even
though we have accepted modern means of Living, improved our Lifestyl e, our values and beliefs still
remain unchanged. A person can change his way of clothing, way of eating and living but the rich values
in a person always (177) unchanged because they are deeply rooted within our hearts, mind, body and
soul which we receive from our culture.
Indian culture (178) guests as god and serves them and takes care of them as if they are a park
and parcel of the family itself. Even though we don't have anything to eat, the guests I never left hungry
and are always looked after by the members of the family. Elders and the respect for elders is a major
component in India culture. Elders are the (179) force for any family and hence the love and respect for
elders comes from (180) and is not artificial. An (181) takes blessings from his elders by touching their
feet. Elders drill and pass on the Indian culture within us as we grow.
" Respect one another" is another lesson that is taught from the books of Indian culture. All
people are alike and respecting one another is once duty. In foreign countries the relation (182) the boss
and the employee is like a (183) and slave and is purely monetary whereas in Indian culture the relation
between the boss and the employee is more like homely relations unlike foreign countries.
Helpful nature is another (184) feature in our Indian culture. Right from our early days of
childhood we are taught to help one another (185) help and distress. If not monetary then at least in
kind or nonmonetary ways. Indian culture tells us to multiply and distribute joy and happiness and share
sadness and pain. It tells us that by all this we can develop cooperation and better living amongst
ourselves and subsequently make this world a better place to live in.
Even though India is a country of various religion and caste our culture tell us just one thing
"Phir b dil h Hindustani."
176.a)diverse b)averse c) poor d) reconciliatory e) reverse
177.a)remains b)remain c) Remaining d) reverent e)reformed
178.a)ill treat b) deals in c) treats d) treated e) behave
179.a) diversive b) driven c) Divas stating d) deriving e)driving
180.a)within b) surrounding c) proximity d) outside e) outsourcing
181.a) individual b) illiterate c) enriched d) elder e) individuals
182.a)among b) with c) between d) of e) in
183.a) master b) Zamindar c) owner d) warden e) employer
184.a)striken b) striking c) negative d) damnable e) horrifying
185.a) for need b) needful c) in need of d) for want of e) required
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Direction (186-195): In the following passage there are blanks, each numbers are printed
below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank
With the US military tied down on two fronts and the rest of world growing (186) to American
power, the challenges for rice are as (187) as they have been for any secretary of state in the past 3
decades. After 6 years of tussling with others on Bush's national security team, rice has seen of her Rivals
and (188) as the principal spokesperson for Bush's foreign policy. Her reward has been to (189)
responsibility for selling a failed policy in Iraq and framing a legacy for Bush at a time when (190) in the
world are in the mood to help her." Bush is severely (191) and has very little credibility or support at
home or abroad," says Leslie Gelb, former President of the Council on foreign relations. That is (192) true
for his secretary of State. So they are basically flailing around.
That's a grim assessment, since the (193) to international order are bigger today than at any
other time since the end of the cold war. The most immediate sources of (194) emanates from Iraq,
where are the country' civil war risks (195) a region wide conflict.
186 a) resistant b)subservient c) immune d)cordial e)Indifference
187 a)Obvious b) trivial c) superfluous d) daunting e) rewarding
188.a)renamed b) emerged c) appointed d) entrusted e) visited
189.a)shirk b) avoid c) transfer d) visualize e) inherit
190.a)people b) few c) Diplomats d) autocrats e)most
191.a)intensified b) master-minded c) weakened d) projected e) supported
192.a)not b)uniformly c)remotely d)partially e)also
193.a)admiration b)threats c)pleasantries d)demands e)accolades
194.a)instability b)fuel c)energy d)peace e)atrocity
195.a)defusing b)demolishing c)terminating d)igniting e)extinguishing
Direction (196-205): In the following passage there are blanks, each numbers are printed
below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank
appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case
Greenhouse gases are only (196) of the story when it comes to global warming. Changes to
one part of the climate system can (197) additional changes to the way the planet absorbs or reflects
energy. These secondary changes are (198) climate feedbacks, and they good more than double the
amount of warming caused by carbon dioxide alone. The primary feedbacks are (199) to snow and ice,
water vapour, clouds, and carbon cycle.
Perhaps the most well (200) feedback comes from melting snow and eyes in the Northern
hemisphere. Warming temperatures are already (201) a growing percentage of Arctic sea ice, exposing
dark Asian water during the (202) sunlight of Summer. Snow cover on land is also (203) in many areas. In
the (204) of snow and ice, These areas go from having bright, sunlight reflecting surfaces that cool the
planet to having dark, sunlight absorbing surfaces that (205) more energy into the earth system and
cause more warming.
196.a)whole b)part c)material d)issue e)most
197.a)raise b)brings c)refer d)stop e)cause
198.a)sensed b)called c)nothing d)but e)term
199.a)due b)results c)reason d)those e)because
200.a)done b)known c)ruled d)bestowed e)said
201.a)mastering b)sending c)melting d)calming e)increasing
202.a)make shift b)ceasing c)troubled d)perpetual e)absent
203.a)dwindling b)manufactured c)descending d)generating e)supplied
204.a)progress b)reduced c)existence d)midst e)absence
205.a)repel b)waft c)monitor d)bring e)access
the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case
The (206) of India as an economic superpower is not reflected in the (207) of life enjoyed by its
1.2 billions citizens according to the human development Index which (208) India very low among 182
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countries. In our performance oriented world, measurement issues have taken on (209) importance as
what we measure affects what we do. Inspect the French president has established and international
Commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress owing to his (210) and
that of others with the current state of statistical information about the economy and Society.
The big question concerns (211) Gross Domestic Product GDP provides a good measure of
living standards. In many cases GDP statistics seem to free (212) data economic is doing for better than
most citizens feel it is. Moreover the focus on GDP create conflicts while political leaders are told to
maximize it, citizens also demand that (213) be paid to enhancing security, reducing air, water and noise
pollution all of which actually (214) GDP growth. Statistics are (215) to summarise what is going on in our
Complex society. It is therefore obvious that we can't reduce everything to a single number GDP.
206.a)tribute b)pursuit c)perception d)conversion e)title
207.a)loss b)quality c)spirit d)span e)joy
208.a)counted b) scored c) qualified d) regard e) ranked
209.a)negligible b) great c) unduly d) trivial e) Considerably
210.a)obedience b) confidence c) belief d) dissatisfaction e) compliance
211.a) that b) unless c) because d) against e) whether
212.a) suggest b) recommend c) think d) point e) refer
213.a)Compensation b) respect c) Debt d) attention e) expense
214.a) recover b) Lower c) Attain d) Decline e) shrunk
215.a)inferred b) difficult c) interpret d) reveal e) intended
It is noteworthy that the Prime Minister's working group set up to suggest long term solutions
to (216) the growing demand for affordable food has acknowledged the use of biotechnology as integral
to a second Green Revolution. Although Indian agriculture serves as a good example of incorporating
hybrid varieties of high yielding crops, the attitude towards genetically modified are transgenic food has
been sceptical. But cotton is the only (217) crop currently approved for (218) in India. But brinjal is under
Moratorium for commercial release. In a country where is 65% of agricultural land is still (219) on the
monsoon, there needs to be far greater investment in biotechnology driven solutions to increase yields.
True, there are valid health and environment (220) regarding the adoption of GM crops. It is for this
reason that the adequate (221) need to be in place to ensure consumer safety. But an (222) rejection of
genetically modified food would be (223) to the country's food security.
Given the huge deficit between command and production, there is an urgent need to adopt a
(224) approach to agriculture. Brazil serves as a good example. Over the last 40 years the South
American Nation has scripted an Agriculture revolution in the dry Plains of the country by providing basic
inputs on a large scale and vigorously adopting GM crops. There is no reason why India can't (225) this.
Storage and delivery is the other side of problems that can be significantly mitigated by policy decisions
that allow for Greater FDI in retail. Scientific innovations combined with a farsighted farm to fork
agricultural strategy are the answer to India's growing food needs.
216.a)meet b) suggest c)complete d) seek e) recommend
217.a. food b)transgenic c) high yielding d)genetic e)organic
218.a. research b) hybrid c) release d) launch e) cultivation
219.a. filled b)dependent c) depends d) independent e) available
220.a. concerns b) protests c) factors d) yields e) areas
221.a. warnings b)features c)safeguards d) research e) alerts
222.a. accurate b) hasty c) absurd d) outright e) honest
223.a) risk b)beneficial c) attestation d) acrimonious e) detrimental
224.a. thoughtful b )middle c)holistic d) hybrid e) balance
225.a)replicate b) test c) overcome d) condemn e) simulate
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Direction (226-236): In the following passage there are blanks, each number is printed below
the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find
out the appropriate word in each case
The Economics of owning and running ration shops, the familiar name for the outlets in our
public Distribution system PDS, under normal business terms, the shop owner could never make a profit.
Yet, (226) the government announces that new permits for ration shops will be given out, there is Frenzy
in the market to Grab one of these. (227)? The answer is obvious: the business is not for the honest and
if one knows the (228), there is a fortune to be made.
What are these tricks of the trade?
Getting fake names into the user list is the most obvious option; the state seems to be (229) a
losing battle against this practice, judging by the endless efforts to weed out bogus ration cards.
The next is to get the right customers on the list, not just more customers. These are people
who are registered but who do not have any interest in (230) on their entitlements. In a system where
caste and income certificates are for sale, it is not (231) to produce these documents for mutual benefit.
Receipts are duly made in their names, and the rations thus drawn are (232) off into the open market.
The sale price of an item like rice makes clear the (233) economics- it costs Rs.8 in a ration shops while in
the latter it is rupees 30 or above. There are also customers who would rather exchange their
entitlements for hard cash at the beginning of the month.
As the degradation progresses, the shopkeeper, in (234) with official machinery, manages to
withhold effectively the entitlements from even the genuine beneficiaries and diverts them to open
market. The targeted group is usually not in a position to (235) itself to get its due.
And thus one has all (236) of a good PDF business.
226.a)whenever b)quickly c)just d)as soon e) time
227.a)what b)when c)where d)why e) How
228.a)lying b)people c)sprouting d)hard work e)ropes
229.a)attempt b)waging c)winning d)expecting e)trying
230.a)harping b)discussing c)realized d)drawing e)giving
231.a)easy b)must c)difficult d)simple e)enough
232.a)sell b)borrowed c)donated d)bought e)siphoned
233.a)understood b)poor c)underlying d)mechanical e)unclear
234.a)meeting b)collusion c)flow d)show e)line
235.a)ask b)voiced c)assert d)deliever e)willful
236.a)things b)ingredients c)dictate d)component e)facet

Direction (237-246): In the following passage there are blanks, each number is
Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, Technology can enhance or (237)
any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first.
Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its mode of communication as society
itself has (238). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to
make it more (239) . Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written
communication between their communities to keep in (240) with one another as travel became simpler.
With the advent of the telephone, people begin to wander is picking up the receiver to call one another
would eventually (241) out the forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away
from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to (242) the necessary links
among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of
communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these Technologies wonder
what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing Formal letters often
(243) that email and text message Lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not (244),
and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's
company is the next generation learn how to (245) both. Each form of communication can service with its
own rules as people learn which situations in life (246) for which level of formality and which of the people
they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.
118
237.a)depressed b)finish c)problem d)hinder e)featured
238.a)evolved b)destroyed c)pledged d)extinguished e)waited
239.a)expensive b)subjective c)easier d)loud e)portable
240.a)lines b)faith c)distance d)touch e)check
241.a)pushed b)cancel c)shells d)try e)turn
242.a)maintain b)teleport c)cut d)curb e)regulation
243.a)dominate b)elate c)worry d)says e)mentioning
244.a)agree b)happen c)occurred d)exist e)possible
245.a)forms b)prove c)accomplish d)study e)example
246.a)take b)require c)jump d)stands e)call
As the country embarks on planning (247) XII plan 2012 to 2017 period, a key question mark
(248) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements.
Growth is energy hungry, and the aspirations of growing at 9 to 10% wolf (249) huge demand on the
energy resources of the country. In this energy Jigsaw, renewable energy work (250) like never before in
the 12th plan and (251).
By the rule of the thumb, India well (252) about 100 gigawatts-100000 megawatts of capacity
addition in the next 5 years. Encouraging trends on Energy Efficiency and sustained (253) by some parts
of government The Bureau of Energy Efficiency in particular needs to be complimented for this- have led
to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the Tempered demand
numbers are (254) to below 80 gigawatt. As against this need the coal supply some domestic sources
unlikely to support more than 25 gigawatt equivalent capacity. Imported coal can I add some more, but
at a much (255)cost. Gas based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in
view of unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (256) in the foreseeable future. Between
imported coal, gas, large hydro and new color, no more than 15-20 gigawatt equivalent can be (257) to
be added in the five year time block.
(258) ( 259) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation has
touched about 3 gigawatt a year. In the coming 5 years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity
grid (260) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw.Additionally, over and above the
grid-based capacity, off grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (261) lives where
grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
247.a)against b)for c)onwards d)at e)on
248.a)that b)inside c)always d)who e)where
249.a)forward b)subject c)place d)demand e)replace
250.a)pass b)publish c)feature d)find e)light
251.a)likewise b)publicity c)next d)after e)earlier
252.a)waste b)require c)highlight d)generate e)consumed
253.a)structures b)efforts c)projections d)practices e)development
254.a)sure b)unsure c)unexpected d)unlikely e)likely
255.a)nominal b)excelled c)higher d)lower e)expected
256.a)failure b)success c)dangerous d)maximum e)marginal
257.a)certain b)linked c)remarked d)expected e)sure
258.a)when b)but c)However d)If e)As
259.a)for b)with c)is d)ever e)against
260.a)through b)project c)versus d)against e)capacity
261.a)lightening b)making c)touching d)saving e)generating
(262) over the world, rights related to information technology that are already legally
recognized are daily being violated, (263) in the name of economic advancement, political stability or for
119
personal greed and interest. Violations of these rights have (264) new problem in human social systems,
such as the digital divide, cybercrime, all of which have (265) people's lives either directly or indirectly.
It is important that countries come up with the guidelines for action to (266) the incidences of
malicious attacks on the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic data and system,
computer related crimes, content related offenses and violations of intellectual property rights (267),
threats to critical infrastructure and national interests arising from the use of the internet for criminal
and terrorist activities are of growing (268). The harm incurred to businesses, governments and
individuals in those countries in which the internet is used(269) , is gaining in (270) and importance,
while in other countries; cybercrime threatens the application of information and communication
technology for government services, health care, trade, and banking .As users starts losing (271) in
online transactions and business ,the opportunity costs may become substantial
262.a)entire b)lot c)great d)all e)much
263.a)scarcely b)whether c)and d)for e)hardly
264.a)created b)bent c)pressured d)risen e)stopped
265.a)distanced b)affected c)exaggerated d)advanced e)cropped
266.a)engage b)conflict c)war d)combat e)struggle
267.a)but b)more c)addition d)beside e)further
268.a)concern b)nature c)pattern d)important e)matter
269.a)really b)figuratively c)widely d)never e)tandem
270.a)fear b)days c)positivity d)width e)scope
271.a)tracks b)measure c)confidence d)mind e)grip
Direction (272-281): In the following passage there are blanks, each number is printed below
the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find
out the appropriate word in each case
There is considerable amount of research about the factors that make a complete innovate. So is
it possible to create an environment (272) to innovation ? This is a particularly pertinent (273) for India
today. Massive problem in health, education etc. (274) be solved using a conventional approach but
(275) creative and innovative solutions that can ensure radical change and (276). There are several
factors in India's (277). Few countries have the rich diversity that India or its large, young population
(278).While these (279) innovation policy interventions certain additional steps are also required. These
include (280) investment in research and development by (281) the government and private sector, easy
transfer of Technology from the academic world etc. To fulfill its promise of being prosperous and to be
at the forefront, India must be innovative.
272.a)stimuli b)conducive c)incentive d)facilitated e)impetus
273.a)objective b)controversy c)doubt d)question e)inference
274.a)cannot b)possibly c)should d)never e)must
275.a)necessary b)apply c)need d)consider e)requires
276.a)quantity b)advantages c)increase d)chaos e)growth
277.a)challenges b)praises c)favour d)leverage e)esteem
278.a)blessed b)enjoys c)endows d)prevails e)occurs
279.a)aid b)jeopardise c)promotes d)endure e)cater
280.a)acute b)utilising c)restricting d)inspiring e)increased
281.a)both b)besides c)combining d)participating e)also
I wanted to (282) myself a sweater. When I asked my mother for some wool, she directed me to
the old cloth bag under the stairs. This was the bag ( 283) which my mother had over the years ( 284) all
the remains from sweaters, scarves, cardigans and gloves that she had knitted for herself ( 285) the
family. When I opened the bag-I screamed "What a mess!" All the wool had tangled itself into a huge knot.
I said to my mother, "its hopeless". All the wool is so badly mixed. ( 286) can I even detangle it, let alone
knit a sweater from it. "She smiled and said, "It's easier (287) you think. All you have to do is look for the
easiest knot and undo that (288) that is done, the next knot will be easier. Just keep on doing
120
this, until all the wool is unravelled".I (289) as my mother had told me to, and sooner than I had thought,
the wool started to loosen and different colours (290) to emerge. Very soon, instead of one huge untidy
bunch of wool I had several neat balls in (291) of me.
282.a)own b)does c)have d)prepared e)knit
283.a)from b)on c)to d)for e)in
284.a)put b)keep c)managed d)instilled e)hide
285.a)and b)with c)apart d)aside e)beside
286.a)how b)what c)where d)why e)which
287.a)that b)than c)more d)those e)also
288.a)with b)along c)where d)then e)once
289.a)try b)follow c)decided d)did e)listened
290.began b)see c)could d)came e)starts
291.a)search b)reward c)close d)front e)awe
A mobile phone is no (292) a simple device to make calls. It has (293 ) the hub for all
your activities,from e-mailing and browsing to paying bills and transferring money. Banks may
have been first to (294 ) their feet into this technological pool, but telecom companies have
(295) to catch up. The RBIs step to remove the 50,000 cap that it had (296) earlier on daily
mobile transactions has also provided the much needed (297) to mobile banking.
Mobile banking (298) you to conduct financial transactions on your phone just as you
would at a bank branch or through Net banking. Banks are now evolving this facility as they
launch innovative product. For (299), a Banks cash-to-mobile service (300 ) customers to
transfer money to anybody,including those who do not have a bank account. A bank customer
can download the banks application on his phone and then put in the phone number of the
person to whom he wants to send money, along with the transaction amount. The bank will
send a message to thr remitter and the beneficiary along with different PINs to each. The
remitter will have to message his PIN to the beneficiary, who can then use both PINs and his
mobile number to withdraw cash from the respective Bank ATM. The service is (301) but
operator charges will apply.Also, the sender will need a Java-enable handset.
292.a)longer
293.a)become b)much c)anymore d)doubt e)sooner
294.a)dip b)been c)changed d)made e)transformed
295.a)try b)stand c)wash d)touch e)pick
296.a)sanctioned b)not c)begun d)made e)soon
297.a)breaking b)festered c)imposed d)cooked e)built
298.a)forces b)fact c)pushed d)drop e)boost
299.a)examples b)places c)remits d)allows e)makes
300.a)permit b)instance c)together d)now e)today
301.a)expensive b)suggests c)facilitated d)attempts e)enables
b)there c)costly d)free e)inaccessible

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English Workbook For SSC & BANK PO

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Coaching

BANK PO SSC CDS PUNJAB GOVT. JOBS

Sr. No. Topic Page No.

Sr. No. Topic Page No.

10. Cloze test 106

Root Meaning Root Meaning

13. Dexterous Skillful at handling things

Root Meaning Root Meaning

7. sphygmos pulse 14. cheir (chiro-)

Root Meaning Root Meaning

Root Meaning Root Meaning

Root Meaning Root Meaning

13. Asocial withdrawn from contact with people

Root Meaning Root Meaning

Root Meaning Root Meaning

10. aggregate total; mass; whole

1. Science of diseases 4. A mild or indirect expression substituted for

c) Autocrat d) Naxalite c) Carnivorous d) Social

a) Bureaucracy b) Red-Tapism flesh

a) Bohemian b) Artisan c) Serious d) Dangerous

1. A short poem or speech addressed to the 8. One who walks in sleep

a) Teetotaller b) Alcoholic a) Windfall b) Philanthropy

a) Test b) Perusal c) Bibliographer d) Bilingualist

1. Occuring at irregular intervals in time c) Walkabout d) Walkover

a) Walkway b) Walkout c) Hurricane d) Cyclone

1. Scale used for measuring the strength of an c) Hide d) Abroad

c) Latitude d) Longitude c) Mock d) Agitate

c) Envious d) Jealous c) Sariculture d) Syrumculture

1. One who cannot be corrected a) Stealomania b) Kleptomania

8. An excessively morbid desire to steal 15. That which cannot be believed

1. A short story based on your personal c) Parasite d) Refugee

11. Pertaining to sheep

MANIA: means excessive desire about 16. Odontology: teeth

cancer) 19. Zoophile: animals

people have the habit of harping on the same string.

useful for all intents and purposes.

by pouring oil on troubled waters with his good behaviour.

Continuous Without break

49. Efface Disfigure.

23. with great difficulty.

46. came round in the end.

69. have fallen off.

78. got away with light punishment.

1. Men frequently went out to the African Queen because

d) Tank cdcba, bacbd

ages ago. Finds made in this 53

1. Miguel Davila and his colleagues built a (d) Both C and A

(c) Both B and C b) Only C

6. Who among the following is the writer

of the book Worthless, Impossible

e) Lack of diverse workforce. baaba, ecbba

interest rates? comparison between market indices of

strengthen the military forces?

e) None of these a) Increasing b) floating

bleaching disease chimn

worlds largest living organism 2.Acco

1) the impact of the Blue whale b)

Choose the word/group of words which is most d) relieving

Choose the word/group of words which is most 6. Robust

printed in bold as used in the passage. b) Roguish

1. What do the Asian Development Bank

a) Asian economies are financially

more sound than those of the