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. IV.
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6 Sue Shellenbarger, From Our Readers: The Bosses That Drove Me to Quit My
Job, The Wall StreetJournal (February 7, 2000), Bl.
7 Thomas A. Stewart, The Corporate Jungle Spawns a New Species. The Project
Manager, Fortune Ouly 10, 1995), 179-180.
8 Mintzberg, The Nature of Managerial Work (New York: Harper & Row,
1973); Mintzbe?g, Rounding Out the Managers Job, Sloan Management Review
(Fall 1994), 11-26.
2Robert E. Kaplan, Trade Routes The Managers Network of Relationships,
Organizational Dynamics (Spring 1984), 37-52; Rosemary Stewart, The Nature
of Management A Problem for Management Education,Journal of Management
Studies 21 (1984), 323-330; John P. Kotter, What Effective General Managers
Really Do, Harvard Business Review (November-December 1982), 156-167;
Morgan W. McCall,Jr., Ann M. Morrison, Robert L. Hannan, Studies of Managerial
Work Results and Methods (Technical Report No. 9, Center for Creative Leader
ship, Greensboro, N. C., 1978).
10 Carol Saunders andfack WilliamJones, Temporal Sequences
in Information Acquisition for Decision Making: A Focus on Source and Medium,
Academy of Management Review 15 (1990,29-46); Kotter, What Effective General
Managers Really Do; Mintzberg, Managerial Work.
11 Mintzberg, Rounding Out the Managers Job.
12 TobyJ. Tetenbaum, Shifting Paradigms: From Newton to Chaos, Organizational
Dynamics (Spring 1998), 21-32.
13 . no James Stemgold, Power Crisis Abates, But It Hounds Gov. Davis, The
New York Times (October 5, 2001), A16.
14 John A. Byrne and Heather Timmons, Tough Times for a New CEO, BusinessWeek
(October 29, 2001), 64-70; Patrick McGeehan, Sailing into a Sea of Troubles,
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3 . no Ann Harrington, The Big Ideas, Fortune (November 22,1999), 152-154.
4 UPS, The AtlantaJournal and Constitution, April 26,1992, HI; Richard L. Daft,
Organization Theory and Design, 3rd ed., St. Paul, Minn.: West, 1989,181-182;
Kathy Goode, Betty Hahn, Cindy Seibert, United Parcel Service: The Blown
Giant, unpublished manuscript, Texas A&M University, 1981.
5 Henri Fayol, Industrial and General Administration, trans.J. A. Couhrough
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LMI: http://www.lmi.org/Careers.htm
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Mutual of Omaha: http://www.careerlink.org/emp/mut/corp.htm
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.
1 David Kirkpatrick, One World For Better or Worse, Fortune (November 26,
2001), 74-75; . no Brian OKeefe, Global Brands, Fortune
(November 26, 2001), 102-110.
2 Joseph B. White, There Are No German or U.S. Companies, Only Successful Ones,
The Wall StreetJournal (May 7, 1998), Al.
3 Eric Matson, How Globalize Yourself, Fast Company (April-May, 1997), 133
139; Gunnar Beeth, M ulticultural Managers W anted, Management Review
(May 1997), 17-21.
4 Alan Charles Raul, World to America: Zip It eCompany Now (July 2001), 26-29
5 Geert Hofstede, The Interaction between National and Organizational Value
Systems, Journal of Management Studies 22 (1985), 647-657; Geert Hofstede,
The Cultural Relativity of the Quality of Life Concept, Academy of Management
Review 9 (1984), 389-398.
G Carol Hymowitz, Companies Go Global, But Many Managers Just Dont Travel
Well, The Wall StreetJournal (August 15, 2000), Bl.
7 Robert Frank, Big Boy Adventures in Thailand, The Wall StreetJournal (April 12,
2000), B1,B4.
8 How Revenues of the Top Ten Global Companies Compare with Some National
Economies, Fortune, July 27, 1992, 19.
9 Robert T. Moran and John R. Riesenberger, The Global Challenge (London:
McGraw-Hill, 1994), 260.
10 Patricia M. Carey, Culture Club, Working Woman, (July/August 1999), 71-72.
11 Jonathan Friedland and Louise Lee, The W all-M art Way Sometimes Gets Lost
in Transition Overseas, , The Wall StreetJournal (October 8, 1997), Al, A12.
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Nasser Out; Bill Ford Takes O ver, Automotive News, October 29,2001, http://www.autonews.com-,
Ford Concern on Europe Downturn, B B C News, September 10, 2001, http://new s.bbc.co.uk-,
Jam ie B utters, Job Cuts at Ford Likely to Increase, Auto.com , August 10, 2001, http: / /
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5 Jack Ewing, Siemens Climbs Back, BusinessWeek (June 5, 2000), 79-82.
6 Ian I. Mitroff, Crisis Leadership, Executive Excellence (August 2001), 19; Andy
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Week (October 24,1994), 76; M ichael Treacy, You Need a Value Discipline But Which One?,
Fortune, (April 17, 1995), 195; Nelson D. Schwartz, Still Perking After All These Years,
8. 317
Fortune (M a y 24, 1999); Ken Belson, As S ta rb u c k s G row s, Ja p a n , Too, Is A w ash, The New
York Times ( O c to b e r 21, 2001), C3; B usiness: Coffee w ith Y our T ea? S ta rb u c k s in C h in a , The
Economist (O c to b e r 6, 2001), 62; S tarb u ck s in J o in t V en tu re w ith G erm an R etailer, The New
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(S eptem ber 3, 2001), 5 0 -5 2 .
1 . Chet Miller and Laura B. Cardinal, Strategic Planning and Firm Performance:
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2 Hamel, Killer Strategies.
3 Joanne Lipman, Marketers Turn Sour on Global Sales Pitch Harvard Guru
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4 Betsy Morris, Can Michael Dell Escape The Box? Fortune (October 16, 2000),
93-110; and Stewart Deck, Fine Line, CIO (February 1, 2000), 88-92.
5 Cathy Olofson, No Place Like Home, Fast Company (July 2000), 328-329.
6 Nanette Byrnes, Old Stores, New Rivals, and Changing Trends Have Hammered
Toys 'R' Us, BusinessWeek (December 4, 2000), 128-140.
7 Mark Maremont and Paula Sawyer, How Gillette Is Honing Its Edge, Business
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Is a Dirty Word, BusinessWeek, May 29,1989, 54-58; Bobbie Holbrook, Sondra
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8 MichaelE. Porter, Competitive Strategy, New York: Free Press, 1980,36-46; Danny
Miller, Relating Porter's Business Strategies to Environment and Structure:
Analysis and Performance Implementations, Academy of ManagementJournal,
1988, 280-308; Michael E. Porter, From Competitive Advantage to Corporate
Strategy, Harvard Business Review, May-June 1987,43-59.
9 Michael E. Porter, Strategy and the Internet, Harvard Business Review (March
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10 Greg Bums, How a New Boss Got ConAgra Cooking Again, BusinessWeek, July 25,
1994, 72-73.
11 James E. Skivington and Richard L. Daft, A Study of Organizational Framework
and Process Modalities for the Implementation of Business-Level Strategies,
unpublished manuscript, Texas A&M University, 1987.
12 Roger Thurow, Sports Icon Regains Its Footing by Using the Moves of the
Past, The Wall StreetJournal (January 21, 1998), Al, A 10.
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November 1, 2001, http://www.businessweek.com', D a vid Ibison, New Ford Chief Edges Closer to
Truce with Bridgestone, Financial Times, November 1, 2001, http://new s.ft.com ; Tim Burt, Nasser
Says Ford Has the Strategy to Confound Critics, Financial Times, September 13, 2001, h ttp : //
news.ft.com ; J erry Flint, Ford: A Distracted Driver, Forbes.com, September 6, 2001, h tt p : / /
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onto a Smoother Road? BusinessWeek Online , October 11,1999, http://w w w .businessw eek.com ;
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6 Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (New York: Harper & Row,
1985).
7 KurtLewin, Field Theory in Social Science: Selected Theoretical Papers (New
York: Harper & Brothers, 1951).
8 Paul C. Nutt, Tactics of Implementation, Academy of ManagementJournal 29,
1986, 230-261; RichardL. Daft andSelwyn Becker, Innovation in Organizations:
Innovation Adoption in School Organizations (New York; Elsevier, 1978); Richard
Beckhard,Organization Development: Strategies and Models, Reading, Mass.;
Addison-Wesley, 1969.
9 Richard L. Daft, Organization Theory and Design, 5th ed. (ST. Paul, Minn.:
West, 1995); Tom Bums and G. M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation,
(London: Tavistock Publications, 1961).
10 HaroldJ. Leavitt, Applied Organizational Change in Industry: Structural.
Technical, and Hunian Approaches in New Perspectives in Organization Re
search, ed. W. W. Cooper, H.J. Leavitt, M. W. Shelly //(New York: Wiley, 1964),
55-74.
11 Fariborz Damanpour, The Adoption of Technological, Administrative, and
Ancillary Innovations: Impact of Organizational Factors, Journal of Manage
ment 13,1987,675-688.
12 Kurt Lewin, Frontiers in Group Dynamics: Concepts, Method, and Reality in
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Jou rn al (July 5, 1990), B4; A m y D unkin , Now Salespeople Really Must Sell for Their Supper,
Business Week O uly 31, 1989), 50-52; a n d Teiry Pristin, Retailings Elite Keep the Armani
Moving off the Rack, The N ew York Times (December 22, 2001), D l.
1 David Silburt, Secrets of the Super Sellers, Canadian Business, January 1987,
54-59; Meet the Sawy Supersalesmen, Fortune, February 4,1985,56-62; Michael
Brody, Meet Todays Young American Worker, Fortune, November 11, 1985,
90-98; Tom Richman, Meet the Masters. They Could Sell You Anything..., Inc.,
March 1985, 79-86.
2 Abraham F. Maslow, Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review 50,
1943, 370-396.
3 Clayton Alderfer, Existence, Relatedness and Gi uwth, New York: Free Press, 1972.
4 Frederick Herzberg, One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employers, Harvard
Business Review, January-February 1968, 53-62.
5 David C. McClelland, Human Motivation, Glenview, 111.: Scott, Foresman, 1985.
6 J. Stacy Adams, Injustice in Social Exchange, in Advances in Experimental
Social Psychology, 2nd ed., ed. L. Berkowitz, (New York: Academic Press, 1965);
J. Stacy Adams, Toward an Understanding of Inequity, Journal of Abnormal
and Social Psychology, November 1963, 422-436.
7 VictorH. Vroom, Work and Motivation (New York: Wiley, 1964); B. S. Gorgo-
poulos, G. M. Mahoney, N. Jones, Path-Goal Approach to Productivity,
Journal of Applied Psychology 41, 1957, 345-353; E. E. Lawler III, Pay and Orga
nizational Effectiveness: A Psychological View, New York: McGraw Hill, 1981.
8 J. Richard Hackman and Greg R. Oldham, Work Redesign, Reading Mass Addison
Wesley 1980;/. Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham, Motivation through the
Design of Work: Test of a Theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance
16, 1976,250-279.
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1 Elizabeth B. Drew, Profile: Robert Strauss, The New Yorker, May 7,1979, 55-70.
2 Henry Mintzberg, The Nature of Managerial W ork (New York: Harper &
Row, 1973).
3 D. K. Berio, The Process of Communication (New York: Holt, Rinehart and
W inston, 1960), 24.
4 Robert H. Lengel and Richard L. Daft, The Selection of Communication Media
as an Executive Skill, Academy o f Management Executive 2, August 1988,225-232;
Richard L. D aft and Robert H. Lengel, Organizational Information Requirements,
Media Richness and Structural Design, Managerial Science 32, May 1986,554-572
5 Ford S. Worthy, How CEOs Manage Their Time, Fortune, January 18, 1988,
88-97.
G Albert Mehrabian, Silent Messages (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1971), Albert
Mehrabian, Communicating w ithout Words, Psychology Today, September
1968, 53-55.
7 GeraldM. Goldhaber, Organizational Communication, 4th ed. (Dubuque, Iowa:
Win. C. Brown, 1980, 189).
8 J. G. Miller, Living Systems: The Organization, Behavioral Science 17,1972,69.
9 Donald B. Simmons, The Nature of the Organizational Grapevine, Supervisory
Management, November 1985,39-42; . ., ,
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120-134; Jana K e m p , Avoiding Agenda Overstack, C o rp o ra te U niversity R eview (May-June
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www.autonews.com-, Jeffrey E. Garten, The Mind of the C.E.O., BusinessWeek Online
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Ford Motor Company, Fast Company (April 2000), http://www.fastcompany.com-, Alex Taylor,
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CIO, S ection 1 (A ugust 15, 1998), 6 4 -6 9 .
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: Nedra Pickier, Explorer Fender Benders Costly, Auto.com, November 30,
2002, http://www.auto.com', Jacques Knifed, The Economist, November 3, 2001, h ttp://
www.economist.com', Alex Taylor III, What's Behind Ford's fall?, Fortune, October 29, 2001,
http://www.fortune.com,Joann Muller, Ford: Why It's Worse Than You Think, BusinessWeek
Online, June 25, 2001, http://www.businessweek.com', Keith Bradsher, Ford is Concerning S.U.V.
Drawbacks, The New York Times, May 12, 200, http://www.serv.com.
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{o p p o r t u n it y ). ,
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{to p m a n a g e r). ,
.
825
( t o p l e a d e r ) . ,
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{h y g ie n e f a c t o r s ). ,
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{ h o r i z o n t a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) .
, , .
{s c h e d u le o f r e i n f o r c e m e n t ) .
{ c o n t i n u o u s r e i n f o r c e m e n t s c h e d u l e ) . ,
{ p a r t i a l r e in f o r c e m e n t s c h e d u le ). ,
{ p r e s s u r e g r o u p ) . ,
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826
( d u a l r o l e ) . ,
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( d e m o c r a tic le a d e r ). ,
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( d e c e n t r a l i z e d n e t w o r k ) .
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( d e c e n t r a l i z e d c o n t r o l).
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( d i s c r i m i n a t i o n ) . ,
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( p o w e r d i s t a n c e ) . ,
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.
827
( j o b d e s c r i p t i o n ) . ,
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(v a lid it y ).
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, .
() ( f e m i n i t y ).
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3
( d e p e n d e n t d e m a n d i n v e n t o r y ) . ,
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(s t a k e h o l d e r ) .
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( c l o s e d s y s t e m ) . , .
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, .
( w h o l l y o w n e d f o r e i g n a f f i l i a t e ) .
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.
828
(i d e a c h a m p io n ). ,
( m i s s i o n s t a t e m e n t ) .
, .
/ ( c u l t u r e / p e o p l e c h a n g e ) . , ,
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( i n i t i a t i n g s t r u c t u r e ) . ,
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(in t u it io n ). , ,
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X X . , ,
( c o a l i t i o n ) .
.
829
( e n c o d e ) . , .
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12 ,
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( c o m m i t t e e ) . , ,
( e t h i c s c o m m i t t e e ) . ,
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. , ,
( c o