Exercises for revision

Question 1

(a) List the main differences between 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines.

(b) Describe the main differences between gasoline and diesel engines.

(c) A gasoline four-stroke engine with stroke of 7 cm and connecting rod length of 15 cm. Calculate the distance piston

has travelled from TDC, when its position is 17 aTDC.

(d) Sketch the typical power, torque and BSFC curve for an internal combustion engine at full load condition. Explain

the main characteristics on each of the curves and what should be the ideal.

Question 2

A 1800 cm3, four stroke cycle, four cylinder CI engine, operating at 5,500 RPM, produces 48 kW of brake power. Volumetric

efficiency is 0.97 and air-fuel ratio is 22:1. Air density is 1.181 kg/m3. Calculate:

a) Rate of air flow into engine. [kg/s]

b) Rate of fuel flow into engine. [kg/s]

c) Brake specific fuel consumption. [g/kWh]

d) Mass rate of exhaust flow. [kg/h]

e) Brake output per displacement. [kW/L]

Question 3

A construction vehicle has a diesel engine with 12 cylinders of 137 mm bore and 200 mm stroke, operating on a four-stroke cycle.

It delivers 120 kW of brake power at 1,300 RPM, with a mechanical efficiency of 0.66. Calculate:

a) Total Engine Displacement [m3]

b) Brake Mean Effective Pressure [kPa]

c) Torque at 1,300 RPM [Nm]

d) Indicated Power [kW]

e) Friction Power [kW]

Question 4

A large straight 6 cylinder CI truck engine operates on an air-standard Diesel cycle using heavy diesel fuel (QLHV = 41400 kJ/kg)

with a combustion efficiency of 96%. The engine has a compression ratio of 18:1. Temperature and pressure in the cylinders at

the start of the compression stroke are 67C and 118 kPa, and maximum cycle temperature is 2392C. (Using k = 1.35 and cp =

1.108 kJ/kg). Calculate:

a) Temperature at each state of the cycle. [0C]

b) Pressure at each state of the cycle. [kPa]

c) Actual air-fuel ratio of the cylinder mixture

d) Sketch the P-V and T-S diagram including all the state numbers

e) Indicated Thermal Efficiency. [%]