LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Laplace Transforms:
Let f (t) be a given function of t, for all t 0
Then the Laplace transform of f (t) ,denoted by L f (t ) or f s F ( s) or ( s)
Can be defined by

L f (t ) f s F (s) o (s) e st f (t ) dt
0
Where s is a real or complex parameter.

Linearity of Laplace Transform:

Laplace transform is linear.

i.e. La f (t ) b g (t ) a L f (t ) b Lg (t ).

Formulae:

Sr.no f (t) Laplace of f (t)

1 f (t) =1
L1
1
s
Le at
2 f (t) = e at 1
sa
Le at
3 f (t) = e at 1
sa
4 f (t) = sin at
Lsin at 2
a
s a2
5
Lcos at 2
f (t) = cos at s
s a2
6 f (t) = sinh at
Lsinh at 2
a
s a2
7 f (t) = cosh at
Lcosh at 2
s
s a2
| n 1

8 f (t) = t n n!
L t n n1 n1
s s

First Shifting Theorem:

Statement: If L f (t ) = f (s ) then L eat f (t ) = f ( s a )

Change The Scale Property:

Statement: If L f (t ) = f (s ) then L e at f (bt ) = 1 sa
f , b>0
b b

Formulae:
Page: - 1 -
 Sr.no f (t) Laplace of f (t)
1 f (t) = e at sin bt

L e at sinbt b
s a 2 b 2
sa
2 f (t) = e at cos bt

L e at cos bt
s a 2 b 2
3 f (t) = e at sinh bt

L e at sinh bt b
s a 2 b 2
sa
4 f (t) = e at cosh bt

L e at cosh bt
s a 2 b 2
| n 1

5 f (t) = e at t n n!
L e at t n
s a n 1
s a n1
Inverse Laplace Transform:

If L f (t ) = f (s ) then f (t ) is called the inverse Laplace transform of

f (s ) and denoted by L 1 f ( s ) = f (t ) .
Sr.no Laplace of f (t) Inverse of Laplace
1
L1
1 1
L1 1
s s
2

L e at
1
sa
1 at
L1 e
s a
3

L e at
1
sa
1 at
L 1 e
s a
4
Lsin at 2
a 1 sin at
L 1 2 2

s a2 s a a
5
Lcos at 2
s s
L 1 2 2
cos at
s a2 s a
6
Lsinh at 2
a 1 sinh at
L1 2 2

s a2 s a a
7
Lcosh at 2
s s
L 1 2 2
cosh at
s a2 s a
n 1
| n 1
1 t 1
n
n! t
L t n1 n1
n
L n 1 or L 1 n
1

s n 1!
8
s s s n!
L e at sinbt 1 at
9 b 1
L1 2
e sinbt
s a 2 b 2 s a b b
2

sa
Le at cos bt at
10 sa
L1 2
e cos bt
s a 2
b 2
s a 2
b

Page: - 2 -
 Le at sinh bt 1 at
11 b 1
L1 2
e sinh bt
s a 2 b 2 s a b b
2

sa
Le at cosh bt at
12 sa
L1 2
e cosh bt
s a 2
b 2
s a b
2

13 | n 1

L e at t n
n!
L1
1
n 1

1 1
e at t n e at t n
s a n 1
s a n 1
s a | n 1 n!

Laplace transform of Derivative of f(t):

L f (t ) s L f (t ) f (0)

L f ( n ) (t ) s n L f (t ) s n1 f (0) s n2 f (0) s n3 f (0) .............. f ( n1) (0)

Laplace transform of the integration of f(t):

t f ( s)
If L f (t ) f ( s ) then L f (u )du .
0 s

Derivative of Laplace transform of f(t):

If L f (t ) f ( s) then L t n f (t ) (1) n dn
ds n

f ( s)
Integration of Laplace transform of f(t):

f (t )
If L f (t ) f ( s) then L f (u ) du
t s
Convolution:
Convolution of function f(t) and g(t) is defined and denoted by,
t
f (t ) * g (t ) f (u ) g (t u ) du
0
t
g (u ) f (t u ) du
0

g (t ) * f (t )

Convolution Theorem:
If L f (t ) f ( s) and Lg f (t ) g ( s) then

f (s) . g (s)
t
L 1
f (t ) * g (t ) f (u ) g (t u ) du
0

Page: - 3 -
 t
g (u ) f (t u ) du
0

g (t ) * f (t )
Evaluation of integrals by Laplace Transforms:

Use different values of f (s ) to get e at f (t ) dt by replacing s by a in
0

Laplace transformed value of L f (t ) .

Periodic Functions:
A function f (t) is said to be periodic if there exists a number
p such that
f(t+p) = f (t). for all t.
for e.g. Sinx is a periodic function with period 2 .

Laplace transform of periodic functions:

If f ( t ) is a Periodic function with period p then

p

L f (t )
1
ps
e st f (t ) dt ( s 0)
1 e 0

Unit Step Function:

The unit step function is defined and denoted by

u (t a) 0 if t a u (t ) 0 if t 0
, For a = 0
1 if t a 1 if t 0

Laplace transform of Unit Step Function:

Lu (t a) e as , for a = 0 Lu (t )
1 1

s s
1 1
L1 e as u (t a) , for a = 0 L1 u (t )
s s
Second Shifting Theorem:

Statement: If L f (t ) = f (s ) then L f (t a) u(t a) e as f (s )

L f (t ) u(t a) e as L f ( t a )

L u(t a) e as L1 = e as
1

s

Page: - 4 -
 e as e bs
Lu (t a) u (t b)
s

L f (t ) u(t a) u(t b) e as L f ( t a ) e bs L f ( t b )

L1 e as f ( s ) f (t a) u (t a )

Unit Impulse Function or Dirac Delta Function:

The unit impulse function or Dirac Delta function is defined and denoted
by
(t a) 0 if t a
lim 1
if a t a
o
0 if a t

Laplace transform of Unit Impulse Function or Dirac Delta Function:

L (t a) e as , for a = 0 L (t )1

L1 e as (t a) , for a = 0 L1 1 (t )

Application of Laplace Transforms:

Using Laplace Transform we can solve Ordinary differential equations.

We will use following method to solve O.D.E.

Apply Laplace Transform on both sides of given O.D.E. given for

variable for variables y and t i.e. = f (t).
Use formula for

L f ( n) (t ) s n L f (t ) s n1 f (0) s n2 f (0) s n3 f (0) .............. f ( n1) (0)
Find y f ( s) L f (t )

Use L 1 f ( s ) = f (t ) = y and get solution of given O.D.E.

Page: - 5 -