Nama : NUR DWI HAYATI

NIM : 1507110843

Tugas 1 Operasi Teknik Kimia II

Heat Transfer By Conduction

Conduction is mosteasily understood by considering flow in homogenous

isotropic solids because in these there is no convection and the effect of radiation
is negligible unless the solid is translucent to electromagnetic waves.

Fouriers law. The Basic Relation of heat flow by conduction is the

proportionality between the rate of heat flow across an isothermal surface and the
temperature gradient at the surface. This generalization, which applies at any
location in a body and at any times, is called Fouriers Law. It can be write

= (10.1)

When A : area of isothermal surface

n : distance measured normally to surface

q : rateof heat flow across surface in diretion normal to surface

T : temperature

k : proportionality constant

Conduction under the condition of constant temperature distribution is

called steady state conduction. Inthe steady state T is a function of position only
and the rate of heat flow at any one point is a constant. For steady one-
dimensional flow Eq.(10.1), maybe written

= (10.2)

Thermal Conductivity. The proportionality constant k is physical property of the
substance called the Thermal Conductivity. In engineering units, q is measured in
watts or Btu/h and dT/dn in 0C/m or 0F/ft then the units of k are W/m0C or
Btu/Ft2-h-(0F/ft), which maybe written Btu-ft-h-0F.

For larger temperature ranges, the thermalconductivity can usually be

approximated by an equation of the form.

= + (10.3)

Where a and b are empirical constant.

STEADY SATE CONDUCTION

Since in stedy sate there can be neither accumulation nor depletion of heat withi
the slab, q is constant along the path of heat flow. If x is the distance from the hot
side, Eq (10.2) can be written

=

or

= (10.4)

Since the only variable in Eq (10.4) are X and T, Direct integration gives

1 2
= = (10.5)
2 1
Where x2 x1 = B = thickness of slab, T1-T2= T = temperature drop across slab