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This article throws light upon the top three breeding methods
used for cross-pollinated crops. The methods are: 1. Mass
Pedigree Method 2. Inbreeding 3. Recurrent Selection.
2. Inbreeding:
Synthetic Variety:
Composite Varieties:
Hybrids:
hybrid maize was done by G.H. Shull (single crosses) and D.F.
Jones (double crosses). Other innovative researchers in this area
have been E.M. East, H.K. Hayes, F.D. Richey and M.T. Jenkins
and others.
Types of Hybrids:
=AxB
(A x B) x C
(A x B) x (C x D)
(A x A) x B
= (A x A) x (B x B)
= (A x B) x (C x C)
(b) Effective selection within the row for the plants that have
desired agronomic traits becomes minimal in generations beyond
S3. Therefore, some breeders use only two or three generations of
self-pollination with subsequent reproduction by sib-mating
within progenies.
Besides, these two methods, there are three other methods where
along with developing inbred lines, there are opportunities to
improve them simultaneously.
(iv) Backcrossing:
Testing of Inbred:
Time of Testing:
Single Crosses: n (n 1) / 2
Three-way crosses: n (n 1) (n 2) / 2
Double crosses: n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) / 8
(A x B) + (A x C) + (A x D) + (B x C) + (B x D) + (C x D)/6
(A x C) + (A x D) + (B x C) + (B x D)/4
(A x E) + (A x F) + (A x G) + (A x H) + (B x E) + (B x F) + (B x G)
+ (B x H)+. +(D x H)/n
If all the dominant alleles are concentrated in one parent, and the
counterpart recessive alleles in another parent, the F1 will be
equal to the parent having all the dominant alleles.
For example:
3. Recurrent Selection:
In third year, the reserve selfed seeds are grown out, inter-
crossed in all combinations, and a composite of inter-crossed
seeds is used to establish an improved population for further
I. Season:
II. Season:
III. Season:
Selfed seed from plants with superior test cross progenies are
grown population wise separately and inter-crossed to