FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM DAN ALAM

SEKITAR

CONSULTANT COMPANY

SEMESTER 1 2016/2017

PROJECT NAME: WATER DITRIBUTION TANK

FOUNDATION
Members of the consultant team.

CEO
Muhammad Rashid Bin Abu Bakar
DF150029

COO

Mohamad Syazwan Bin Ja'afar MD

DF150054
Mohd Akmal Haziq Bin Harudin
DF150072

Secretary

Muhammad Azim Bin Sulaiman

DF150060
1.0 Project Brief

Introduction

Our company is planning to build a water tank for a residential area with a height of 26m
from the ground. The water tank has height of 5 meter. This project involves work related to the
calculation of load from every column of the tank foundation design and settlement checking. In
this designing work, it require to get the best economical design of foundation such as Meyerhof
method and Correlation with Standard Penetration Test Results, the pile use is circular pile. The
development area will build at Parit Raja area.

A foundation is the part of structure that usually placed below the surface of the ground
to transmit the load from the superstructure to the under laying soil or rock. Ground should have
adequate bearing capacity which means it can resists a certain amount of force per unit area, so
the function of a foundation is to provide a large enough area for a force to spread its load to
form a distributed load which the ground can resists. The foundation size depends on the bearing
capacity of the soil and the force applied on the foundation.

There are two types of foundation which is shallow foundation and deep foundation. The
type foundation used is determined by the soil strength or water content in the soil. If the soil is
too soft, pile foundation will be more suitable choice. Pile foundation is a foundation that drilled
deep into soil with pile. It support vertical load and also bending moment of the structure

The type of soil in our site is determined as clay soil. The soil investigate has been done
and soil structure has been determined. The type of foundation need to be design for water
distribution tank that will be built on this soil. The soil affect the strength of a structure, thus
when foundation were build it need to make sure the foundation capable to withstand the load
form the tank and resist settlement of the soil.

In conclusion, the stability and life of the structures depends on the strength of
foundation. Therefore, there have many consideration should be taken to make sure the design of
foundation absolutely can resist the load from superstructure and transfer the load to the soil.
2.0 Calculation of Loads at Every Column

The calculation of load of this tank on each column is calculated using esteem software.

The design parameter

Steel fyk = 500 N/mm2 concrete fck = 25N/mm2

Concrete cover = 50mm

Rebar maximum spacing =200mm , minimum spacing= 100mm

Steel maximum bar size =25 mm, minimum bar size = 12mm

Shear capacity at stump = 4.00 N/mm2

Parameter for Bending Moment Design

The maximum concrete strain ,Ecc = 0.0035

Average concrete stress above neutral axis ,k1 = 10.20 N/mm2

Concrete lever arm factor ,k2 = 0.4557

Limiting effective depth factor , cb= 0.50

No. Column Load (kN) Group

P1/C1 1176 1
P2/C2 679 2
P2/C3 679 1
P3/C4 1151 1
P4/C5 2210 2
P3/C6 1511 1
P2/C7 679 2
P2/C8 679 3
P1/C9 1176 1
Table 2.0 : Information loading by column
3.0 Grouping of loads

i. Group 1 - (679 kN)

ii. Group 2 - (1176 kN)
iii. Group 3 - (2210 kN)

4.0 Design of foundations (Calculations)

Shallow foundation

= 0 (clay soil)

Nc= 5.70,Nq= 1.00,N= 0, FS = 3

Case 2

1. For Q = 2210kN

The value ofN60is taken between the bottom of the foundation and 2B below the bottom. So that
the average of N60is;

2B = 2(2) = 4 m from bottom foundation

N60 = (10 + 1 + 2 +3 + 8) / 5 = 4.5, Pa = 100 kN/m2

Cu 0.72
= 0.29 N60
Pa

Cu
= 0.29 (4.5)0.72
100

Cu = 89.72 kN/m2

Area = 2 2= 4m

Df= 2.0 m ,d = 1 m
q = Df= (16)(2) = 32 kN/m2

qu= 1.3cuNc + qNq + 0.4BN

= 1.3(89.72) (5.7) + 32(1)

= 664.82+ 32

= 696.83kN/m2

Qu= quArea Qall= Qu FS

= 696.83 4 = 2787 3

= 2787kN 2210kNOK = 929kN

2. For Q = 1176kN

2B = 2(1.3) = 2.6 m from bottom foundation

N60 = (1 + 2 + 10) / 3 = 4.3, Pa = 100 kN/m2

Cu 0.72
= 0.29 N60
Pa

Cu
= 0.29 (4.3)0.72
100

Cu = 82.89 kN/m2

Area = 1.3 1.3= 1.69 m

Df = 1.5 m ,d = 1.5 m

q = Df= (16)(1.5) = 24kN/m2

qu= 1.3cuNc + qNq + 0.4BN

= 1.3(82.89) (5.7) + 24(1)

 = 614.21+ 24

= 638.21kN/m2

Qu = quArea Qall= Qu FS

= 638.21 1.96 = 1251 3

= 1251kN 1176kNOK = 461kN

3. For Q = 679kN

2B = 2(1.45) = 2.m from bottom foundation

N60 = (2 + 1 + 2) / 3 = 1.7, Pa = 100 kN/m2

Cu 0.72
= 0.29 N60
Pa

Cu
= 0.29 (1.7)0.72
100

Cu = 42.49 kN/m2

Area = 1.45 1.45= 2.10 m

Df = 1.0 m ,d = 2.0 m

q = Df= (16)(1.0) = 16kN/m2

qu= 1.3cuNc + qNq + 0.4BN Qu = quArea Qall = Qu FS

= 1.3(42.49) (5.7) + 16(1) = 330.85 2.10 = 694 3

= 314.85 + 16 = 694kN 679kNOK = 231kN

= 330.85kN/m2

Deep foundation
1. (For Load 679 kN)
Assume :
L = 15 m
D = 0.5 m
10D = 10 (0.5) = 5 15 - 5 = 110
4D = 4(0.5) = 2 15 + 2 = 17
8+9+9+9+15+18
From borelog: N60 =
6
= 11.3
= 0

Cu = 0.29 [N60]0.72 x Pa
= 100 x 0.29 (11.3)0.72
= 166

Cu / Pa = 166 / 100 = 1.66 * Ir = 300

Nc = (4/3) (ln Ir + 1) + [(22/7)/2 + 1]

= (4/3) (ln 300 + 1) + [(22/7)/2 + 1]
= 12

Use Mayerhofs Method

Qp = NcCu Ap
= (12) (166) [(22/7)/4 x (500/1000)2]
= 391kN

H = 3m Cu = 25kN/m2 A1 = 72
= 16 kN/m3

H = 5m Cu = 40kN/m2 A2 = 330 = 17kN/m3

H = 7m Cu = 90kN/m2 A3 = 788 = 18kN/m3

Depth (Table
Length Cu (kN/m2) a Cu p L
9.10)
 0-3
3 25 0.87
3-8
5 40 0.74
8 - 15
7 90 0.51

p = (22/7) (0.5)
= 1.57
Cu average:

25(3)+40(5)+90(7)
= 60.3
15
average:

72+330+788
=
15
= 80

= 0.200

fav = ( +2Cu)
= 0.200 [80 + 2(60.3)]

= 40.12

Qs = pL(fav)

= (22/7)(0.5)(15)(40.12)

= 945.3

Qu = Qp + Qs

= 391+ 945.3

= 1336.3kN

1336.3
Qall = = = 445kN
3
2. (For Load 1151 - 1176kN)
Assume :

L = 20 m

D = 0.5 m

10D = 10 (0.5) = 5 20 - 5 = 15

4D = 4(0.5) = 2 20 + 2 = 22

9+15+18+5025+30+50
From borelog: N60 =
6
= 24.5
= 0

Cu = 0.29 [N60]0.72 x Pa
= 100 x 0.29 (24.5)0.72
= 290

Cu / Pa = 290 / 100 = 2.9 * Ir = 300

Nc = (4/3) (ln Ir + 1) + [(22/7)/2 + 1]

= (4/3) (ln 300 + 1) + [(22/7)/2 + 1]
= 12

Use Mayerhofs Method

Qp = NcCu Ap
= (12) (290) [(22/7)/4 x (500/1000)2]
= 683.3kN

H = 3m Cu = 25kN/m2 A1 = 72
= 16 kN/m3

H = 7m Cu = 40kN/m2 A2 = 512.16
= 17kN/m3
H = 10m Cu = 90kN/m2 A3 = 1392.8 = 18kN/m3

Depth (Table
Length Cu (kN/m2) a Cu p L
9.10)
 0-3
3 25 0.87
3 - 10
7 40 0.74
10 - 20
10 90 0.51

p = (22/7) (0.5)

= 1.57

Cu average:

25(3)+40(7)+90(10)
= 62.75
20
average:

72+512.16+1392.8
=
20
= 98.85 kN/m2

= 0.173

fav = ( +2Cu)
= 0.173 [98.85 + 2(62.75)]

= 39

Qs = pL(fav)
= (22/7)(0.5)(20)(39)

= 1225

Qu = Qp + Qs

= 683.3 + 1225

= 1908.3kN

1908.3
Qall = = = 636.1kN
3
3. (For Load 2210 kN)
Assume :

L = 25 m

D = 0.5 m

10D = 10 (0.5) = 5 25 - 5 = 20

4D = 4(0.5) = 2 25 + 2 = 27
30+50+50+50+50
From borelog: N60 =
5
= 46
= 0

Cu = 0.29 [N60]0.72 x Pa
= 100 x 0.29 (46)0.72
= 457

Cu / Pa = 457 / 100 = 4.57 * Ir = 300

Nc = (4/3) (ln Ir + 1) + [(22/7)/2 + 1]

= (4/3) (ln 300 + 1) + [(22/7)/2 + 1]
= 12

Use Mayerhofs Method

Qp = Nc Cu Ap
= (12) (457) [(22/7)/4 x (500/1000)2]
= 1077 kN

H = 3m Cu = 25kN/m2 A1 = 72
= 16 kN/m3

H = 9m Cu = 40kN/m2 A2 = 723.20 = 17kN/m3

H = 13m Cu = 90kN/m2 A3 = 2157.3 = 18kN/m3

 Depth
Length Cu (kN/m2) (Table 9.10) a Cu p L
0-3
3 25 0.87 102.44
3 - 12
9 40 0.74 418.25
12 - 25
13 90 0.51 936.82

p = (22/7) (0.5)

= 1.57

Cu average:

25(3)+40(9)+90(13)
= 64.2
25
average:

72+723.2+2157.3
=
25
= 118.1

= 0.150

fav = ( +2Cu)
= 0.150 [118.1 + 2(64.2)]

= 37

Qs = pL(fav)
= (22/7)(0.5)(25)(37)

= 1453

Qu = Qp + Qs

= 1077 + 1453

= 2530 kN

2530
Qall = = = 843.3 kN
3
5.0 Comments

Foundation is the most important main structures in any types of constructions include
buildings, bridges, railways and mores. To construct the foundation, a lot of things should be
considered especially the conditions of the soil, the strength of the soil and ground water level. In
this task, we already study how to construct the foundation of the distribution water tank at
residential area of near Parit Raja.
According to borehole log, it can be seen the type of soil is clay. Clay is a soft soil which
has high compressible value. The weight of the water tank is distribute among the column and
transfer to the foundation. The load of each column varies according to their position. To
construct the water tank, we need to try design with shallow foundation but if the design was too
big, it will be better to use pile foundation. By doing the loading calculation, it is referring to the
self-weight of concrete used, sizes, and dimensions, areas of each component of that structure,
steel and roofing as the dead load while water at the maximum capacity as the live load. As the
summation of the loading that the structure should be carried, live load should sum up with dead
load and analysis using Esteem Software.

In designing shallow foundation, the standard size of the pad must not exceed 2 meter in
depth. For all three loads, we able to design the optimum size of the foundation. The value
ultimate load for column with load 2210 KN is 2787 KN which is barely passing the requirement
needed. Other than that, we also design for deep foundation of the soil. For the highest load of
the column, we able to see the length pile also longer compare to the pile used in lower load
column. Other than that the soil also affected to water level in the soil. The water level is
constant for each of column at 3 meter below the soil surface.
6.0 Drawings

1. Engineering drawing

i. Plan view

ii. Side view

2. Loads at every column

3. Soil profile (Showing all the properties)

i. For load 2210KN

ii. For load 1176 KN

iii. For load 679 KN

4. Drawings showing all foundation (Plan, Front elevation, side elevation)

i. Plan elevation

ii. Side evaluation

7.0 Minute Meeting

WEDNESDAY
16 APRIL 2017
Venue : Level 4, Library Tunku Aminah, UTHM.
Time : 11:00 AM
Present :
1. MOHAMAD SYAZWAN BIN JAAFAR DF150054
2. MOHD AKMAL HAZIQ BIN HARUDIN DF150072
3. MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN SULAIMAN DF150060
4. MUHAMMAD RASYID BIN ABU BAKAR DF150029
Time Activity Remarks

11:00 am Welcome to all group members. Mark the attendance of group

11:10 am members.

11:10 am Leader mention the objective of Each of group members gives full of
11:30 am meeting which is the task should be commitment regarding to the task
done. given by lecturer.

11:30 am Each group member will present the Leader accepts all the reasonable ideas
12:00 pm ideas and suggestions what should be and suggestions from each of group
done next. members.

12:00 pm Leader starts to give part of works to Each of group members accepts and
12:30 pm each of group members. understands the contents and what
should be done in each task given by
the leader.

12:30 pm Looking for some related references. Making a discussion in group and
1:00 pm come up with objective, project
descriptions and suitable methods used
in this project.

1:00 pm Finish up the meeting. Meeting end.

Written by, Checked by,

(MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN SULAIMAN) (MUHAMMAD RASYID BIN ABU BAKAR)

Secretary Director
MINUTE OF THE FIRST MEETING OF GROUP MEMBERS HELD ON WEDNESDAY
20 MAY 2017
Venue : Level 4, Library Tunku Aminah, UTHM.
Time : 11:00 am
Present :
1. MOHAMAD SYAZWAN BIN JAAFAR DF150054
2. MOHD AKMAL HAZIQ BIN HARUDIN DF150072
3. MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN SULAIMAN DF150060
4. MUHAMMAD RASHID BIN ABU BAKAR DF150029
Time Activity Remarks

11:00 am Welcome to all group members. Mark the attendance of group members.
11:10 am

11:10 am Leader mentions the objective of Each of group members gives full of
11:30 am meeting for today which is to check the commitment regarding to the progress of
progress of the project. the task.

11:30 am Each of group members will present the Leader gives some comments to
12:00 pm progress of task that given last week. improve the works to achieve the
objective in this project.

12:00 pm Each of group members must finish up Leader waiting to compile all part of
12:30 pm the part of works that given as last week. works from each of group members.

12:30 pm Making the discussion in group Leader double checks the report of
1:00 pm members and compiling the report of the project to make sure all the requirements
project. include in the report before submission.

1:00 pm Finish up the meeting. Meeting end.

Written by, Checked by,

(MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN SULAIMAN) (MUHAMMAD RASYID BIN ABU BAKAR)

Secretary Director
8.0. References

Das, B. M. (2011). Principles Of Foundation Engineering. 7th ed., Pasific Grove, USA : Thomas
Learning, Inc.

British Standard (2011).Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structure.

British Standard (2010).Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures.

Tomlinson , M. J (1980). Foundation Design and Construction. 4th ed. Parker Street, London :
Pitman Publishing.