Anchor design

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Safety concept
Depending on the application and the anchor type one of the following two concepts can be applied:

mean ultimate
Partial safety factor resistance
For anchors for use in concrete 5% fractile
having an European Technical concept
Approval (ETA) the partial safety
factor concept according to the environmental
European Technical Approval conditions
Guidelines ETAG 001 or ETAG 020 (temperature,
shall be applied. It has to be shown, durability) characteristic
that the value of design actions does partial safety resistance
not exceed the value of the design factor (ETA)
resistance: Sd Rd.
for material
For the characteristic resistance (anchor,
given in the respective ETA, reduc- base material) design
tion factors due to e.g. freeze/thaw, Rd
service temperature, durability, creep design resistance
Sd
behaviour and other environmental action partial safety
or application conditions are already factors recommended
considered. characteristic for action load
In addition to the design resistance, value of action
in this manual recommended loads
are given, using an overall partial
safety factor for action J = 1,4. action resistance

mean ultimate
Global safety factor resistance
5% fractile
concept
characteristic
resistance
(basic value)

For the global safety factor concept it global

has to be shown, that the safety factor
characteristic value of action does
not exceed the recommend load
value.
The characteristic resistance given in
the tables is the 5% fractile value
obtained from test results under recommended
standard test conditions. With a characteristic load
global safety factor all environmental value of action
and application conditions for action
and resistance are considered,
leading to a recommended load. action resistance

34 09 / 2012
 Anchor design

Design methods
Metal anchors for use in concrete according ETAG 001
The design methods for metal anchors for use in concrete are described in detail in Annex C of the European
Technical Approval guideline ETAG 001 and for bonded anchors with variable embedment depth in EOTA
Technical Report TR 029. Additional design rules for redundant fastenings are given in Part 6 of ETAG 001.
The design method given in this Anchor Fastening Technology Manual is based on these guidelines. The
calculations according to this manual are simplified and lead to conservative results, i.e. the results are on the save
side. Tables with basic load values and influecing factors and the calculation method are given for each anchor in
the respective section.

Anchors for use in other base materials and for special applications
If no special calculation method is given, the basic load values given in this manual are valid, as long as the
application conditions (e.g. base material, geometrie, environmental conditions) are observed.

Redundant fastenings with plastic anchors

Design rules for redundant fastings with plastic anchors for use in concrete and masonry for non-structural
applications are given in Annex C of ETAG 020. The additional design rules for redundant fastenings are
considered in this manual.

Resistance to fire
When resistance to fire has to be considered, the load values given in the section resistance to fire should be
observed. The values are valid for a single anchor.

Hilti design software PROFIS Anchor

For a more complex and accurate design according to international and national guidelines and for applications
beyond the guidelines, e.g. group of anchors with more than four anchors close to the edge or more than eight
anchors far away from the edge, the Hilti design software PROFIS Anchor yields customised fastening solutions.
The results can be different from the calculations according to this manual.
The following methods can be used for design using PROFIS Anchor:
- ETAG
- CEN/TS
- ACI 318-08
- CSA (Canadian standard)
- Solution for Fastening (Hilti internal design method)

09 / 2012 35
 Anchor design

Simplified design method

Simplified version of the design method A according ETAG 001, Annex C or EOTA Technical Report TR 029.
Design resistance according data given in the relevant European Technical Approval (ETA)
Influence of concrete strength
Influence of edge distance
Influence of spacing
Valid for a group of two anchors. (The method may also be applied for anchor groups with more than two
anchors or more than one edge. The influencing factors must then be considered for each edge distance
and spacing. The calculated design loads are then on the save side: They will be lower than the exact
values according ETAG 001, Annex C. To avoid this, it is recommended to use the anchor design software
PROFIS anchor)
The design method is based on the following simplification:
No different loads are acting on individual anchors (no eccentricity)
The differences to the design method given in the guideline are shown in the following.

Annex C of ETAG 001 and EOTA TR 029 compared to simplified design

Design tensile resistance

The design tensile resistance is the lower value of

- Design steel resistance NRd,s
- Design pull-out resistance NRd,p
(Design combined pull-out and
concrete cone resistance for
bonded anchors)
- Design concrete cone resistance NRd,c
- Design splitting resistance NRd,sp

Design steel resistance NRd,s

Annex C of ETAG 001 / EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

NRd,s = NRk,s / JMs ** NRd,s

* NRk,s: characteristic steel resistance ** Value given in the respective tables in this manual
* JMs: partial safety factor for steel failure
* Values given in the relevant ETA

Design pull-out resistance NRd,p for anchors designed according Annex C of ETAG 001
Annex C of ETAG 001 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

NRd,p = (NRk,p / JMp) \c NRd,p = N0Rd,p fB

* NRk,p: characteristic pull-out resistance ** N0Rd,p: Basic design pull-out resistance
* JMp: partial safety factor for pull-out failure ** fB: influence of concrete strength
* \c: influence of concrete strength ** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
* Values given in the relevant ETA

36 09 / 2012
 Anchor design

Design combined pull-out and concrete cone resistance NRd,p for bonded anchors designed according
EOTA TR 029
EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

NRd,p = (N0Rk,p / JMp) (Ap,N / A0p,N) \s,Np \g,Np 0

NRd,p = N Rd,p fB,p f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,p fre,N
\ec,Np \re,Np \c 0
** N Rd,p: Basic design combined pull-out and
where N0Rk,p = S d hef WRk concrete cone resistance
\g,Np = \0g,Np (s / scr,Np)0,5 (\
\0g,Np 1) ** fB,p: influence of concrete strength
1 ** f1,N, f2,N: influence of edge distance
0 0,5 0,5
\ g,Np = n (n 1) ** f3,N: influence of anchor spacing
{(d WRk)/[k (hef fck,cube)0,5] }1,5 ** fh,p: influence of (variable) embedment
1 depth
scr,Np = 20 d (WWRk,ucr / 7,5)0,5 3 hef ** fre,N: influence of dense reinforcement
* JMp: partial safety factor for combined ** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
pull-out and concrete cone failure For the simplified design method the factor \g,Np (see
0
+ A p,N: influence area of an individual TR 029) is assumed to be 1 and the critical anchor
anchor with large spacing and spacing is assumed to be scr,Np = 3 hef, both leading
edge to conservative results = beeing on the save side.
distance at the concrete surface
(idealised)
+ Ap,N: actual influence area of the
anchorage at the concrete surface,
limited by overlapping areas of
adjoining anchors and by edges of
the concrete member
+ \s,Np: influence of the disturbance of the
distribution of stresses due to
edges
+ \ec,Np: influence of excentricity
+ \re,Np: influence of dense reinforcement
* \c: influence of concrete strength
* d: anchor diameter
* hef: (variable) embedment depth
* WRk: characteristic bond resistance
s: anchor spacing
scr,Np: critical anchor spacing
n: number of anchors in a anchor
group
k: = 2,3 in cracked cocrete
= 3,2 in non-cracked cocrete
fck,cube: concrete compressive
strength
* WRk,ucr: characteristic bond resistance for
non-cracked concrete
* Values given in the relevant ETA
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
TR 029. The basis of the calculations may depend
on the critical anchor spacing).

09 / 2012 37
Anchor design

Design concrete cone resistance NRd,c

Annex C of ETAG 001 / EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

NRd,c = (N0Rk,c / JMc) (Ac,N / A0c,N) \s,N \re,N 0

NRd,c = N Rd,c fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,N fre,N
0
** N Rd,c: Basic design concrete cone resistance
\ec,N ** fB: influence of concrete strength
where N0Rk,c = k1 fck,cube0,5 hef1,5 ** f1,N, f2,N: influence of edge distance
* JMc: partial safety factor for concrete ** f3,N: influence of anchor spacing
cone
** fh,N: influence of embedment depth
failure
0 ** fre,N: influence of dense reinforcement
+ A c,N: area of concrete cone of an
individual anchor with large ** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
spacing
and edge distance at the concrete
surface (idealised)
+ Ac,N: actual area of concrete cone of
the anchorage at the concrete
surface, limited by overlapping
concrete cones of adjoining
anchors
and by edges of the concrete
member
+ \s,N: influence of the disturbance of the
distribution of stresses due to
edges
+ \re,N: influence of dense reinforcement
+ \ec,N: influence of excentricity
k1: = 7,2 for anchorages in cracked
concrete
= 10,1 for anchorages in
non-cracked concrete
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
* hef: effective anchorage depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)

38 09 / 2012
 Anchor design

Design concrete splitting resistance NRd,sp

Annex C of ETAG 001 / EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

NRd,sp= (N0Rk,c / JMc) (Ac,N / A0c,N) \s,N \re,N NRd,sp = N0Rd,c fB f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp f h,N fre,N
\ec,N \h,sp ** N0Rd,c: Basic design concrete cone resistance
0 0,5 1,5
where N Rk,c = k1 fck,cube hef ** fB : influence of concrete strength
* JMc: partial safety factor for concrete ** f1,sp, f2,sp: influence of edge distance
cone ** f3,sp: influence of anchor spacing
failure
0 ** f h,N: influence of base material thickness
++ A c,N: area of concrete cone of an (concrete member depth)
individual anchor with large
** fre,N: influence of dense reinforcement
spacing
and edge distance at the concrete ** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
surface (idealised)
++ Ac,N: actual area of concrete cone of
the anchorage at the concrete
surface, limited by overlapping
concrete cones of adjoining
anchors
and by edges of the concrete
member
+ \s,N: influence of the disturbance of the
distribution of stresses due to
edges
+ \re,N: influence of dense reinforcement
+ \ec,N: influence of excentricity
k1: = 7,2 for anchorages in cracked
concrete
= 10,1 for anchorages in
non-cracked concrete
+ \h,sp: influence of the actual member
depth
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
* hef: embedment depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in
the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
Annex C
of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
0
++ Values of A c,N and Ac,N for splitting failure may be
different from those for concrete cone failure, due
to different values for the critical edge distance and
critical anchor spacing

09 / 2012 39
Anchor design

Design shear resistance

The design shear resistance is the lower value of

- Design steel resistance VRd,s

- Design concrete pryout VRd,cp
resistance
- Design concrete edge VRd,c
resistance

Design steel resistance VRd,s (without lever arm)

Annex C of ETAG 001 / EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

VRd,s = VRk,s / JMs ** VRd,s

* VRk,s: characteristic steel resistance ** Value given in the respective tables in this manual
* JMs: partial safety factor for steel Steel failure with lever arm is not considered for the
failure simplified design method
* Values given in the relevant ETA
For steel failure with lever arm see Annex C of
ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029

Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp for anchors designed according Annex C of ETAG 001
Annex C of ETAG 001 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

VRd,cp = (VRk,cp / JMp/Mc) = k NRd,c VRd,cp = k NRd,c

NRd,c = NRk,c / JMc *** NRd,c: characteristic tension resistance for
NRk,c: characteristic tension resistance concrete cone failure
for (see design concrete cone failure)
concrete cone failure ** k: influence of embedment depth
(see design concrete cone failure) ** Value given in the respective tables in this manual
* JMc: partial safety factor for concrete
cone
failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
* k: influence of embedment depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA

40 09 / 2012
 Anchor design

Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp for bonded anchors designed according EOTA TR 029
EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

VRd,cp = (VRk,cp / JMp/Mc) = k lower value of NRd,p VRd,cp = k lower value of NRd,p and NRd,c
and NRd,c NRd,p: characteristic tension resistance for
NRd,p = NRk,p / JMp combined pull-out and concrete cone
NRd,c = NRk,c / JMc failure (see design combined pull-out
and concrete cone failure)
NRd,p: characteristic tension resistance
for NRk,c: characteristic tension resistance for
combined pull-out and concrete concrete cone failure
cone (see design concrete cone failure)
failure (see design combined pull- ** k: influence of embedment depth
out ** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
and concrete cone failure)
NRk,c: characteristic tension resistance
for
concrete cone failure
(see design concrete cone failure)
* JMp: partial safety factor for combined
pull-out and concrete cone failure
(see design combined pull-out
and
concrete cone failure)
* JMc: partial safety factor for concrete
cone
failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
* k: influence of embedment depth
* Values given in the relevant ETA

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Anchor design

Design concrete edge resistance VRd,c

Annex C of ETAG 001 / EOTA TR 029 Simplified design method
and relevant ETA

VRd,c = (V0Rk,c / JMc) (Ac,V / A0c,V) \s,V \h,V VRd,c = V0Rd,c fB f f h f4 f hef fc
\D,V \ec,V \re,V **
0
V Rd,c: Basic design concrete edge resistance
= k1 dD hefE fck,cube
0 0,5 1,5
where V Rk,c c1 ** fB : influence of concrete strength
D = 0,1 (hef / c1)0,5 ** f : Influence of angle between load
E = 0,1 (d / c1)
0,2 applied and the direction
perpendicular to the free edge
* JMc: partial safety factor for concrete
edge ** f h: Influence of base material thickness
failure ** f4: Influence of anchor spacing and edge
+ A
0
c,V: area of concrete cone of an distance
individual anchor at the lateral ** f hef: influence of embedment depth
concrete surface not affected by ** fc: influence of edge distance
edges (idealised) ** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
+ Ac,V: actual area of concrete cone of
The factors f hef and fc replace the function dD hefE,
anchorage at the lateral concrete
leading to conservative results = beeing on the save
surface, limited by overlapping
side.
concrete cones of adjoining
anchors,
by edges of the concrete member Special case: more than 2 anchors close to an edge
and by member thickness For a group of anchors f4 can be calculated according to
+ \s,V: influence of the disturbance of the the following equation, if all anchors are equally loaded.
distribution of stresses due to This can be achieved by filling the annular gaps with a
further high performance injection mortar (e.g. Hilti HIT-RE 500-
edges SD or Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX.
+ \h,V: takes account of the fact that the
shear resistance does not
decrease
proportially to the memebr Where s1, s2, sn-1 3 c
thickness And c2,1, c2,2 1,5 c
as assumed by the idealised ratio
Ac,V / A0c,V
++ \D,V: Influence of angle between load
applied and the direction
perpendicular to the free edge
++ \ec,V: influence of excentricity
++ \re,V: influence of reinforcement
k1: = 1,7 for anchorages in cracked
concrete
= 2,4 for anchorages in
non-cracked concrete
* d: anchor diameter
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
c1: edge distance
* Values given in the relevant ETA
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
++ Details see Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA
TR 029

42 09 / 2012
 Anchor design

Combined tension and shear loading

The following equations must be With
satisfied
N = NSd / NRd and
N 1
V = VSd / VRd
V 1
NSd (VSd) = tension (shear)
N + V 1,2 or ND + VD 1 design action
NRd (VRd) = tension (shear)
design resistance

Annex C of ETAG 001 Simplified design method

D = 2,0 if NRd and VRd are governed by steel Failure mode is not considered for the simplified method
failure
D = 1,5 for all failure modes (leading to
D = 1,5 for all other failure modes conservative results = beeing on the
save side)

09 / 2012 43