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Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC): the

principle, control and application

Conference Paper February 2002

DOI: 10.1109/PCC.2002.998518 Source: IEEE Xplore

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 Quatrime Confrence Internationale sur le Gnie Electrique CIGE10, 03-04 Novembre 2010, Universit de Bechar, Algrie
The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC):
The Principle, Control and Application
C. Benachaiba1, O. Abdelkhalek1. S. Dib1, M. Allali1 and D. Dib2
1-University of Bechar, Algeria
2- University of Tebassa, Algeria
chellali@netscape.net
Abstract This paper deals with unified power quality
conditioners (UPQCs), which aim at the integration
of series-active and shunt-active filters. The proposed
system can compensate the sag, swell and unbalance
voltage, harmonics and also the reactive power. In
other words, UPQC has the capability of improving
power quality at the point of installation on power
distribution systems or industrial power systems. In
this paper, we present the compensation principle
using PI and Fuzzy control strategies of the UPQC.
The results of simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK
are listed for comparison. The Fuzzy controller
presents more interesting results according to THD
values.
Index TermsActive filters, harmonics, power
conditioners, power quality, voltage flicker, voltage
imbalance.
I. INTRODUCTION
The term power quality (PQ) has gained significant
attention in the past few years. The advancement in the
semiconductor device technology has made it possible to
realize most of the power electronics based
devices/prototypes at commercial platform. The
development of power electronic technology makes it
possible to realize many kinds of Flexible Alternating
Current Transmission Systems devices to obtain high
quality electric energy and enhance the control over
power system. UPQC is one of them. This paper deals
with unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs) [1-6]
which aim at the integration of series active and shunt
active filters. The main purpose of a UPQC is to
compensate for supply voltage flicker/imbalance,
reactive power, negative-sequence current, and
harmonics. In other words, the UPQC has the capability
of improving power quality at the point of installation on
power distribution systems or industrial power systems.
The UPQC, therefore, is expected to be one of the most
powerful solutions to large capacity loads sensitive to
supply voltage flicker/imbalance.
This paper presents a general UPQC for power
distribution systems. It consists of a series active and
Journal of Scientific Research N 0 vol. 2 (2010)
shunt-active filter. The series-active filter eliminates
supply voltage flicker/imbalance from the load terminal
voltage. The shunt-active filter performs dc-link voltage
regulation, thus leading to a significant reduction of
capacity of the dc capacitor.
II. GENERAL UPQC
Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is the
powerful tool to settle the power quality problem. The
general configuration of the UPQC is shown below.
Vs is IL
T1
C
T2
L1 L2
ic
PWM PWM
if
Is
voltage
control
current
control
UPQC
controller
Vdc
Fig. 1. General configuration of the UPQC
The UPQC has the capability of improving power
quality at the point of installation on power distribution
systems or industrial power systems. The UPQC,
therefore, is expected to be one of the most powerful
solutions to large capacity loads sensitive to supply
voltage flicker/imbalance. With ideal compensation, the
voltage at PCC is the fundamental positive sequence
sinusoidal voltage of the power source side. The currents
of the source are sinusoidal current and the phase angles
of them are the same as the fundamental voltage in phase
respectively. In another words, with the function of the
UPQC, the load is equal to a resistance. As the UPQC is
a combination of series and shunt active filters, two
active filters have different functions. The series active
filter suppresses and isolates voltage-based distortions.
The shunt active filter cancels current-based distortions.
At the same time, it compensates reactive current of the
load and improves power factor. There are many control
methods to determine the reference value of the voltage
and the current, the most famous is the instantaneous
active and reactive power theory (the pq theory) that
Akagi proposed in and now the most popular is the dq0
91
 Quatrime Confrence Internationale sur le Gnie Electrique CIGE10, 03-04 Novembre 2010, Universit de Bechar, Algrie

method developed from the instantaneous reactive power
theory. But the method of them needs Transformation
like Clarke Transformation (abc to ab), Park
transformation (abc to dq0) and the control circuits are
more complex, the calculation is huger. The simpler, the
more robust to the control system, so the new methods
are developed incessantly in recent years.
III. THE UPQC CONTROL STRATEGY
The control strategy can be separated to shunt strategy,
series control strategy and DC capacitor control.
series active filter will not equal to the compensation
value. The compensation will not correct. It is the same
with the shunt active filter. The DC voltage regulator
shown in Fig.4 is used to generate a control signal to
keep the voltage be a constant. It forces the shunt active
filter to draw additional active current from the network.
Vcref idc
PI controller

A. Shunt control strategy: Vc

The shunt active power filter is provided the current and

Fig. 4. The DC voltage regulator
the reactive power (if the system need) compensation. It
acts as a controlled current generator that compensated
The study of the regulation of the continuous voltage at
the load current to force the source currents drained from
the boundaries of the storage capacity showed that a
the network to be sinusoidal, balanced and in phase with
compromise must be done between filtering and the
the positive-sequence system voltages.
speed in the control of this voltage. For that, the studied
regulator, proportional integrator (PI) is more suited to
assure an optimal filtering characteristic and an optimal
cost.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

400

300

200
Fig. 2. The control system of the PAPF
100

B. Series control strategy:

Vs(V)

-100
The series active power filter is provided the voltage
compensation. It generates the compensation voltage that -200
synthesized by the PWM converter and inserted in series
-300
with the supply voltage, to force the voltage of PCC to
become sinusoidal and balanced. -400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
t(s)
(a
)
400

300

200

100
VL(V)

-100

Fig. 3. The control system of the SAPF -200

-300
C. The DC voltage regulator:
-400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
In compensation process, the DC side voltage will t(s)
(b
change because UPQC compensates the active power )
and the losses of switches, etc. If the DC voltage is not
the same as the rating value, the output voltage of the

92
Journal of Scientific Research N 0 vol. 2 (2010)
 Quatrime Confrence Internationale sur le Gnie Electrique CIGE10, 03-04 Novembre 2010, Universit de Bechar, Algrie

filter injects the compensating voltage necessary to

400
satisfy the request voltage of the load.
300

200
B. Compensation of the three phase-voltage swell

100 This part of simulation will be carried out in the same

way that the three-phase sag. One will use two
IL(A)

0
programmable sources of tension applied from the
-100
moment t=0.4s until the moment t=0.5s. It is deduced
-200 that at the moment t=0.4s our UPQC starts to
compensate for and correct perfectly the overvoltage,
-300
produced on the point of connection, by injecting
-400 through the transformer the compensating tensions
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
t(s) which are well synchronized and in opposition of phase
(c
with the tension of the source. In this case the effective
)
voltage at the boundaries of the load is maintained equal
400 to the nominal value.

200

S elected signal: 35 cycles. FFT window (in red): 5 cycles

0 1000

500
Is(A)

-200
0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

-400
Time (s)

-600 Fundamental (50Hz) = 169.5 , THD= 0.99%

0.5
Mag (% of F undamental)

-800
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.4
t(s)
(d
0.3
)
0.2
400
0.1

300
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
200 Frequency (Hz)

100

0 Fig. 6. Simulation Results of the harmonics.

Vc(V)

-100
C. Compensation of the harmonics of tension:
-200

-300 it is noted that at the moment t=0.2s, the UPQC through

-400 the active filter series starts to correct the harmonics of
-500
the tension, by injecting compensating tensions have
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
t(s)
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 forms of well synchronized waves and in opposition of
(e phase with the tension of the source. In this case the
) current of source and that of the load do not undergo any
more of the disturbances, and thus the UPQC only
Fig. 5. Simulation Results: (a) Voltage source, (b) compensates for the disturbance in tension.
Voltage load, (c) Current load, (d) Current source

A. Compensation of the three phase-voltage sags V. Conclusion:

In this part of simulation, one will analyze the robustness
in terms of speed and precision of the UPQC
compensating for the three-phase voltage sags applied in
an interval of the time from 0.2s to 0.3s. It is noticed that
at the moment t=0.2s the amplitude of the tension source
is reduced to 20% compared to the fundamental tension.
The UPQC through the transformer of the series active
The work presented lies within the scope of the search
for new solutions for the improvement of the power
quality in the electrical supply network. The parallel
active filter aimed to compensate for the harmonic,
reactive and unbalanced interference currents. The active
filter series its objective was the compensation of the
harmonic disturbing voltage, and of the voltage sags and

93
Journal of Scientific Research N 0 vol. 2 (2010)
 Quatrime Confrence Internationale sur le Gnie Electrique CIGE10, 03-04 Novembre 2010, Universit de Bechar, Algrie

swells. Finally, the UPQC) was proposed as a general

solution of the compensation of all the disturbances due
to voltage or/and current.
The obtained results of the simulations show that the
UPQC is a FACTS equipment able to compensate all
disturbances of voltage and/or current with a great
efficiency.

REFERENCES:

[1] H. Akagi, H. Fujita, A New Power Line Conditional

for Harmonic Compensation in Power systems, IEEE
Trans. Power Del., vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 15701575, Jul.
1995.
[2] H. Fujita, H. Akagi, The unified power quality
conditioner: The integration of series and shunt-active
filters, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 13, no. 2, pp.
315322, Mar. 1998.
[3] H. Akagi, E. H. Watanabe and M. Aredes,
Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power
Conditioning. Wiley-IEEE Press. April 2007.
[4] V. Khadkikar, A. Chandra A New Control
Philosophy for Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC) to Coordinate Load-Reactive Power Demand
Between Shunt and Series Inverters. IEEE Trans. on
Power Delivery, Vol. 23, No. 4, October 2008
[5] C. Benachaiba, O. Abdelkhalek, S. Dib, M. Haidas,
Optimization of Parameters of the Unified Power
Quality Conditioner Using Genetic Algorithm Method,
Information Technology and Control (ITC) 2007, Vol.
36, N2, pp. 242-245.
[6] C. Benachaiba, B. Ferdi, S. Dib and M. Rahli, '
Impacts of Short-circuit Power on Hysteresis Control of
UPQC ', European Journal of Scientific Research
(EJSR), Vol 37, No 4 (2009), pp.525-534.

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Journal of Scientific Research N 0 vol. 2 (2010)

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