ASSIGNMENT 3 Scenario:

A company from Kazakhstan

would like to invest about RM200
mil to your companys new
biodiesel project located in Johor
Biofuel Hub in Tanjung Langsat
Industrial Complex. Therefore,
your General Manager gives you a
task to answer the question from
the potential investor, Mr Absattar
Akhmetov who is a billionaire from
Kazakhstan. Prepare a short report
by answering all his questions
about Emergency, Preparedness
and Response (EPR) as follows

NAME: NUR FATIEN ATIQAH BINTI ZAKARIA

ID MATRIX: 2015153735

CLASS: J4EHH1104A

LECTURERS NAME: MOHD IMRAN BIN ISMAIL

 a) Explain the example of possible major accident that can be happened in a biodiesel plant
Exposed to toxic chemicals
Usually in biodiesel manufacturing using methanol is a toxic chemical and highly
flammable. Methanol exposure on a small daily dose causes cumulative damage to the
workers and people surrounding body, possibly leading to blindness and death. It is also
explosive and similar to petrol when mixed with caustic soda, there is a serious risk of
fire and explosion as methanol is highly flammable

Human errors
The errors defaults are those originated in the loss of a step like example is instruction
within a sequence of step for the accomplishment of a maintenance activity. The loss of
this step can lead to deficient arming. This can cause operation failure and make
company bankrupt

Overheating of plant equipment

Can cause Fire spread surrounding biodiesel plant and explosion occurs. A lot a workers
will get injured.

Ignition by electric sparks

The workers who are lack of training in safety of the personnel release of hazardous
vapor or spill of liquid substances in the plant without knowing the substance is
dangerous ingredients. That cause ignition by electric may injured to the other worker.

Toxic hazard Fire hazard Explosion hazard

Toxic materials are substances
that may cause harm to an
individual if it enters the body.
Toxic materials may enter the
body in different ways. These
ways are called the route of
exposure. The most common
route of exposure is through
inhalation (breathing it into the
lungs). Another common route of
entry is through skin contact.
Some materials can easily pass
through unprotected skin and
enter the body.
Fire hazards are conditions that
favor fire development or
growth. There are three elements
are required to start and sustain
fire which is oxygen, fuel, and
heat in biodiesel plant. Source of
ignition such as spark, flame and
high temperature will start fire
occur in the plant. The ignition
temperature or combustion point
is the temperature at which a
given fuel can burst into flame.
The explosion results from rapid
release of energy. It is depends
on several parameters in the
biodiesel plant. The damage from
explosion is caused by
dissipating energy. There are two
type dynamic of pressure wave
which is blast wave and shock
wave is important to understand
for explosion impact in the
industry.
b) Describe benefits for having Emergency, Preparedness and Response (EPR) plan for the
biodiesel processing facility.
EPR before an emergency incident plays a vital role in ensuring that employers and
workers have the necessary equipment, know where to go, and know how to keep them
safe when an emergency occurs.
Reduce accidental losses due to natural and man made disasters
Avoid panic and confusion
Can carry out the emergency response plan to protect people and the environment
Sustained high standards of health and safety at work
Peace of mind and reassurance
Maintaining a positive brand perception
Reduction in the threat of prosecution
Clearer understanding of roles and responsibilities increasing levels of competency and
on site skills

c) Define the purpose for mock drill exercise for fire drill in a processing plant
To test emergency preparedness level of the processing plant
To correct mistakes of various role players in the plant
To avoid misunderstanding in roles and responsibilities
To increase emergency preparedness of staff members
To evaluate readiness of all Fire Safety Arrangements
To provide an orderly emergency response plan for all occupants
To ensure all exit routes, emergency staircases are not obstructed and can be used in an
orderly fashion during emergencies
To ensure fast, organized and smooth evacuation of buildings during emergencies
To train fire drill and emergency evacuation officers to conduct their duties successfully
To test the working conditions and effectiveness of all fire and emergency equipments for
all buildings
d) Distinguish between off-site and on-site emergency with appropriate examples.
Off site On site
For incident which could affect people For incident which could affect people
and the environment inside the works and the environment outside the works
only as well
Example: Example:
Response function Response function
Emergency assessment Emergency assessment
Action Action
- Incident monitoring - Threat detection, reconnaissance,
- Environmental monitoring and emergency classification
- Population monitoring - Product monitoring
- Damage assessment
e) List four (4) phases of off-site emergency response and distinguish main pathways and protection
measures for all phases of off-site emergency response.
Phases Main pathways Protection measures
Pre release Cloud shine (preventive) evacuation
Early phase Plume inhalation Evacuation
Sheltering
Stable iodine
Agricultural protection
measures
Intermediate phase Immediate ingestion Relocation
Food control
Late phase Long term Ground Shine and Relocation
inhalation of Resuspended Food control
Activity decontamination

f) With appropriate examples, describe the important of Emergency Assembly Point (EAP) during
emergency.
Examples: Natural disaster (earthquake, fire,
To ensure that there is no people missing in the building
Effective notification and communication facilities
For accounting all employees and notifying the Control Center of any unaccounted
employees.

g) Give the reason for head count at assemble point

Head counters ensure everyone is accounted for
To get live count of people inside company premises along with name and zone details
Awaits emergency responders
To ensure sufficient indoor workers in emergency gathering