LITERATURE REVIEW

No Journal and Article Year Objective Method

.
1. Surface roughness To investigate the By using experimental work :
effects on discharge 2014 effects of surface
coefficient of broad- roughness sizes on the Three models of broad crested
crested weir discharge coefficient weirs were constructed from
for a broad crested wood, each with different
weirs. value of length. The flow rate
was measured by a volumetric
tank.

2. Effect of types of weir To present an analysis By using experimental work :

on discharge 2014 on effect of types of
weir on discharge. The experimental studies were
performed in an open channel.
The velocity is determined
using the current meter. The
depth of flow is determined
using a point gauge. To
improve the accuracy of flow
depth, average readings from
point gauge is obtained.

3. Bed resistance To investigate the By using experimental work :

investigation for 2016 coefficient f discharge
Mannings and for different beds and By using weirs, flumes, sluice
Chezys coefficients comparing Chezys gates and notches.
and Mannings
coefficient.
4. The Discharge To investigate the By using experimental work :
Coefficient for a 2015 discharge coefficient
Compound Sharp for a compound V- Experiments were performed
Crested V-Notch Weir notch weir. in a flat rectangular laboratory
flume. Started by testing the
duration time of runs using
distinctive weir models and
diverse discharges. The test
methodology were as per the
following:

1)The selected weir model was

fixed carefully in the flume in
its place
 2)The tail gate was completely
closed

3)The pump was activated and

the discharge was adjusted
using a control valve

4)The exact water discharge

was measured using an ultra-
sonic flow meter with an
accuracy of + 1%

5)The tail gate was screwed

gradually until the required
downstream water depth was
reached using the point gauge
with an accuracy of + 0.1 mm

6) The running time of the test

is started

7) After 4 hours (where there is

no appreciable changes in
water levels), the upstream
water level measurements were
recorded

8)The pump was switched off

9)The previous steps were

repeated for each run.

5. Flow over a Broad- Calculating the By using experimental work :

Crested Weir in 2014 discharge coefficient
Subcritical Flow of rectangular broad- 1)Experiments were conducted
Conditions, Physical crested weirs in at the laboratory in a research
Study subcritical flow flume that was made of glass
conditions with a cross section 0.30 m
wide, 0.50 m deep and 4.8 m
long .

2)Water was supplied from a

large 1.5 m deep feeding basin
leading to a sidewall
convergent enabling a very
smooth and wave less inflow.
 The weirs are consisted of a
0.038 m height, 0.30 m width,
with an upstream rounded
corner (0.0134 m radius) and
0.187 m and 0.336 m long flat
horizontal crest respectively.

3)A pump controlled with an

adjustable frequency AC motor
drive delivered the flow rate,
enabling an accurate discharge
adjustment in a closed-circuit
system.

4)Clear-water flow depths

were measured on the channel
centerline with a point gauge
and using photographs through
the sidewalls.

6. Bed profile Evaluates By using experimental work:

downstream 2015 experimentally the
compound sharp local scour The experimental work of this
crested downstream study was conducted in a flume
V-notch weir compound located at experimental hall of
sharp crested V-notch the Hydraulics Research
weir. Institute (HRI), National Water
Research Center, Egypt.

The flume channel was 21 m

long, 0.6 m wide, 0.5 m deep,
and the side walls along the
entire length of the flume were
made of brick.

The flume was equipped with a

steel wooden gate with an
orifice with a rectangular
shape, also has movable
downstream gate located at the
end of the flume.

Centrifugal pump driven by

induction motor re-circulates
the flow from an underground
reservoir to the flume.
 The weir models were made of
steel with a 0.02 m thick, 0.3 m
height and 0.6 m width. Three
models of weir were used with
changeable upper notch angles,
90 degree, 120 degree, and 150
degree(Fig. 1).

The tested upstream water

levels were 6, 9, 12, and 15 cm
measured from the notch
vertex, while the tested water
levels at the tailgate were 10,
14 and 18 cm.

The research investigates the

influence of the
above variables on 2 bed
materials, including sand
(d50 = 0.0593 cm), and plastic
(d50 = 0.31 cm).
7. Open channel flow Discussing the 1)Momentum versus Energy
resistance 2002 differences between for Resistance Coefficients
momentum and energy 2)Manning n, Chezy C versus
resistances, between Weisbach f
point, cross-sectional 3)Point, Cross Section, and
and reach resistance Reach Resistance Coefficients
coefficients, as well as 4)Resistance of Composite or
compound or Compound Channels
composite channel 5)Vegetated Channel
resistance. Resistance
6)Resistance of Sediment-
Laden Channels
8. Flow over trapezoidal To investigate the The experiments were
side weir 2011 hydraulic conducted using a prismatic,
characteristics of a horizontal channel.
sharp crested
trapezoidal side weir The main channel was 5.9 m
long 0.13 m wide and 0.3 m
deep. The main channel was
made of glass. A suitable sluice
gate was provided at the
downstream end of the main
channel for maintaining the
desired depth of flow in this
channel.
The side channel was
constructed perpendicular to
the main channel.

The side weirs were made of

glass plate, the top edge being
suitably beveled to get a sharp
crest. Water was supplied to
the main channel through a
supply pipe, from a pool by
pump the flow was controlled
by a gate valve.

Flow depths y1 and y2 were

measured at the centerline of
the main channel with a point
gauge, having an accuracy of
0.01mm.

The discharges in the main

channel extension were also
measured by the volume
method.

The experiments were repeated

for various combinations of
depth and discharge and for
different side slope and weir
height.