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4. Density
The density of population in the country has also increased from 325 in 2001 to 382 in
2011 in per sq km. Among the major states, Bihar occupies the first position with a density
of 1106, surpassing West Bengal which occupied the first position during 2001.
Delhi (11,320) turns out to be the most densely inhabited followed by Chandigarh (9,258),
among all states and UTs, both in 2001 and 2011 Census. The minimum population
density works out in Arunachal Pradesh (17) for both 2001 and 2011 Census.
5. Sex ratio
The sex ratio of population in the country in 2011 stands at 940 female against 1000 males,
which is 10 per cent more than the last census when the number female per thousand male
stood at 933. Haryana has the dubious distinction of having the worst male-female ratio
among all states while Kerala fares the best.
The number of females per 1000 males in Haryana in 2011 stands at 879 followed by
Jammu and Kashmir (889 female) and Punjab (895 females).
The other two worst-performing states in terms of skewed sex ration are Uttar Pradesh
(912 females) and Bihar (918 females).
Five top performing states in terms of sex ratio were Kerala (1,084 females), Tamil Nadu
(996), Andhra Pradesh (993), Chhattisgarh (991), Odisha (979).
6. Child population
Child population in the age of 0 to 6 years has seen an increase of 0.4 per cent to 164.5
million in 2011 from 163.8 million in 2001.
The child population (0-6) is almost stationary. In 17 states and UTs, the child population
has declined in 2011 compared to 2001.
With the declaration of sex ratio in the age group 0-6, the Census authorities tried to bring
out the recent changes in the society in its attitude and outlook towards the girl child. It
was also an indicator of the likely future trends of sex ratio in the population.
There has been a decline of 8 per cent in the sex ratio of 0-6 age group. In 2011, the child
sex ratio (0-6) stands at 919 female against 1000 male in comparison to 927 females in
2001.
Male child (0-6) population has increased whereas female child population has decreased
during 2001-11. Eight states, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Meghalaya have proportion of child
population more than 15 per cent.
The worst performing states in regard to sex ration in the age group of 0 to 6 years are
Haryana (834 females), Punjab (846), Jammu and Kashmir (862), Rajasthan (888) and
Gujarat (890).
The best performing states are Chhattisgarh (969), Kerala (964), Assam (962), West
Bengal (956) Jharkhand (948) and Karnataka (948).
7. SC/ST data
According to the Census, Scheduled Castes are notified in 31 states and UTs and Scheduled
Tribes in 30 states. There are altogether 1,241 individual ethnic groups, etc. notified as
SCs in different states and UTs.
The number of individual ethnic groups, etc. notified as STs is 705. There has been some
changes in the list of SCs/STs in states and UTs during the last decade.
The SC population in India now stands at 201.4 million, which is 20 per cent more than
the last census. The ST population stands at 104.3 million in 2011 23.7 per cent more
than 2001.
8. Religious demographics The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the
Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are
14.23% (172.2 million) in India. For the first time, a No religion category was added in the
2011 census. 2.87 million Were classified as people belonging to No Religion in India in the
2011 census. 0.24% of Indias population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade-by-decade
religious composition of India till the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been
awarded National Minority status Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis.
9. Median marriage age The median age increased for men from 22.6 (2001) to 23.5 (2011)
and for women from 18.2 (2001) to 19.2 (2011)
The next part of the series will cover the 2011 Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC). You must
have read about it many times in the news, reading it on Civils Daily will make you clear as to
what its actually about!
Difference between HRIDAY and PRASAD schemes
12 cities in both HRIDAY and PRASAD
10 cities common in HRIDAY and PRASAD: Ajmer, Amritsar, Amravati, Dwaraka, Puri,
Mathura, Varanasi, Kanchipuram, Vellankini, Gaya
2 Cities are specific to schemes :
For HRIDAY : a. Badami : Caves, Inscription and Fort (Archaeological interests)
b. Warangal : Fort and 1000 Pillar Temple (UNESCO Sites)
Hriday : Heritage City >> Culturally important (to understand our past) >> So, identified by
Ministry of Culture >> overall development of City (not some religious sites) >> Hence, Min. of
Urban Development
For PRASAD : a. Kamakhya : Goddess Kamakhya : oldest of the 51 Shakti Peetha
b. Kedarnath : Hindu Religious Site
PRASAD : we get at Temple :p. Prasad : Piligrimage centre focused >> Religious Spot Specific
(more focus on the religious place site rather than whole city) >> Hence, Tourism Ministry.
*Based on the average sitting days for 18 state assemblies from 2012-2016.
Sources: The Financial Resolution and Deposit Insurance Bill, 2017; PRS.
How will the Resolution Corporation resolve financial firms that have failed?
The Resolution Corporation will take over the administration of a financial firm from the date of
its classification as critical (i.e. if it is on the verge of failure.) The Resolution Corporation
will resolve the firm using any of the methods specified in the Bill, within one year. This time
limit may be extended by another year (i.e. maximum limit of two years). During this period,
the firm will be immune against all legal actions.
The Resolution Corporation can resolve a financial firm using any of the following methods: (i)
transferring the assets and liabilities of the firm to another firm, (ii) merger or acquisition of the
firm, (iii) creating a bridge financial firm (where a new company is created to take over the assets,
liabilities and management of the failing firm), (iv) bail-in (internally transferring or converting
the debt of the firm), or (v) liquidate the firm to repay its creditors.
If the Resolution Corporation fails to resolve the firm within a maximum period of two years, the
firm will automatically go in for liquidation. The Bill specifies the order of priority in which
creditors will be repaid in case of liquidation, with the amount paid to depositors as deposit
insurance getting preference over other creditors.
While the Bill specifies that resolution will commence upon classification as critical, the point
at which this process will end may not be evident in certain cases. For example, in case of
transfer, merger or liquidation, the end of the process may be inferred from when the operations
are transferred or liquidation is completed, but for some other methods such as bail-in, the point
at which the resolution process will be completed may be unclear.
Does the Bill guarantee the repayment of bank deposits?
The Resolution Corporation will provide deposit insurance to banks up to a certain limit. This
implies, that the Corporation will guarantee the repayment of a certain amount to each depositor
in case the bank fails. Currently, the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation
(DICGC) provides deposit insurance for bank deposits up to 1 lakh rupees per depositor.[3] The
Bill proposes to subsume the functions of the DICGC under the Resolution Corporation.
Major Tribes in India: State-wise compilation
A tribe is a social division in a traditional society consisting of families linked by social,
economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect. A tribe possesses certain
qualities and characteristics that make it a unique cultural, social, and political entity. This post
is about the major tribes in India. They are also known by the name Adivasis in India.
Tribes in India
The nature of what constitutes an Indian tribe and the very nature of tribes have changed
considerably over the course of centuries. Constitution of India has recognized tribal
communities in India under Schedule 5 of the constitution. Hence the tribes recognized by the
Constitution are known as Scheduled Tribes. There are around 645 distinct tribes in India.
Major Tribes in India: Arranged State-wise
1. Andhra Pradesh: Andh, Sadhu Andh, Bhagata, Bhil, Chenchus (Chenchawar), Gadabas,
Gond, Goundu, Jatapus, Kammara, Kattunayakan, Kolawar, Kolam, Konda, Manna Dhora,
Pardhan, Rona, Savaras, Dabba Yerukula, Nakkala, Dhulia, Thoti, Sugalis.
2. Arunachal Pradesh: Apatanis, Abor, Dafla, Galong, Momba, Sherdukpen, Singpho.
3. Assam: Chakma, Chutiya, Dimasa, Hajong, Garos, Khasis, Gangte.
4. Bihar: Asur, Baiga, Birhor, Birjia, Chero, Gond, Parhaiya, Santhals, Savar.
5. Chhattisgarh: Agariya, Bhaina, Bhattra, Biar, Khond, Mawasi, Nagasia.
6. Goa: Dhodia, Dubia, Naikda, Siddi,Varli.
7. Gujarat: Barda, Bamcha, Bhil, Charan, Dhodia, Gamta, Paradhi, Patelia.
8. Himachal Pradesh: Gaddis, Gujjars, Khas, Lamba, Lahaulas, Pangwala, Swangla.
9. Jammu and Kashmir: Bakarwal, Balti, Beda, Gaddi, Garra, Mon, Purigpa, Sippi.
10.Jharkhand: Birhors, Bhumij, Gonds, Kharia, Mundas, Santhals, Savar.
11.Karnataka: Adiyan, Barda, Gond, Bhil, Iruliga, Koraga, Patelia, Yerava.
12.Kerala: Adiyan, Arandan, Eravallan, Kurumbas, Malai arayan, Moplahs, Uralis.
13.Madhya Pradesh: Baigas, Bhils, Bharia, Birhors, Gonds,Katkari, kharia, Khond, Kol,
Murias.
14.Maharashtra: Bhaina, Bhunjia, Dhodia, Katkari, Khond, Rathawa, Warlis.
15.Manipur: Aimol, Angami, Chiru, Kuki, Maram, Monsang, Paite, Purum, Thadou.
16.Meghalaya: Chakma, Garos, Hajong, Jaintias Khasis, Lakher, Pawai, Raba.
17.Mizoram: Chakma, Dimasa, Khasi, Kuki, Lakher, Pawai, Raba, Synteng.
18.Nagaland: Angami, Garo, Kachari, Kuki, Mikir, Nagas, Sema.
19.Odisha: Gadaba, Ghara, Kharia, Khond, Matya, Oraons, Rajuar, Santhals.
20.Rajasthan: Bhils, Damaria, Dhanka, Meenas(Minas), Patelia, Sahariya.
21.Sikkim: Bhutia, Khas, Lepchas.
22.Tamil Nadu: Adiyan, Aranadan, Eravallan, Irular, Kadar, Kanikar, Kotas, Todas.
23.Telangana: Chenchus.
24.Tripura: Bhil, Bhutia, Chaimal, Chakma, Halam, Khasia, Lushai, Mizel, Namte.
25.Uttarakhand: Bhotias, Buksa, Jannsari, Khas, Raji, Tharu.
26.Uttar Pradesh: Bhotia, Buksa, Jaunsari, Kol, Raji, Tharu.
27.West Bengal: Asur, Khond, Hajong, Ho, Parhaiya, Rabha, Santhals, Savar.
28.Andaman and Nicobar: Oraons, Onges, Sentinelese, Shompens.
29.Little Andaman: Jarawa.
30.North-East: Abhors, Chang, Galaong, Mishimi, Singpho, Wancho.
Points to remember
Total population of Scheduled Tribes is 84,326,240 as per the Census 2001 which
accounts for 8.2% of the total population of country. The share of the Scheduled Tribe
population in urban areas is a meager 2.4%.
Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Karnataka are the State having larger number of
Scheduled Tribes These states account for 83.2% of the total Scheduled Tribe population
of the country. Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Jammu & Kashmir, Tripura, Mizoram, Bihar,
Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, account for another 15.3% of the total
Scheduled Tribe population. The share of the remaining states / Uts is negligible.
The scheduled Tribes in India form the largest proportion of the total population in
Lakshadweep and Mizoram followed by Nagaland and Meghalaya.
Madhya Pradesh has the largest number of scheduled Tribes followed by Bihar.
In Lok Sabha there is reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes. Here also census figures
are taken into account. Allocation of seats for Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made
on the basis of proportion of Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned to that of the total
population, vide provision contained in Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with
Section 3 of the R. P. Act, 1950.
For Scheduled Tribes, 47 seats are reserved in Lok Sabha. The 1st schedule to R. P. Act,
1950 as amended vide Representation of People (Amendment) Act , 2008 gives the
Statewise break up
Scheduled Tribes
Article 366 (25) defined scheduled tribes as such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or
groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled
Tribes for the purposes of this constitution.
Article 342 in The Constitution Of India 1949
Scheduled Tribes
(1) The President may with respect to any State or Union territory, and where it is a State, after
consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal
communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purposes
of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union territory,
as the case may be
(2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in
a notification issued under clause ( 1 ) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within
any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause
shall not be varied by any subsequent notification PART XVII OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
CHAPTER I LANGUAGE OF THE UNION.
Ministry of Tribal Affairs
Ministry of Tribal Affairs is responsible for the over all development of the scheduled tribes in
India. This Ministry was set up in 1999 after the bifurcation of Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment with the objective of providing more focused approach on the integrated socio-
economic development of the Scheduled Tribes (STs), the most underprivileged of the Indian
Society, in a coordinated and planned manner.
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs shall be the nodal Ministry for overall policy, planning and
coordination of programmes of development for the Scheduled Tribes. In regard to sectoral
programmes and schemes of development of these communities policy, planning, monitoring,
evaluation etc. as also their coordination will be the responsibility of the concerned Central
Ministries/ Departments, State Governments and Union Territory Administrations. Each Central
Ministry/Department will be the nodal Ministry or Department concerning its sector.
Before the formation of the Ministry, tribal affairs were handled by different Ministries as
follows:
1. As a Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs named as Tribal Division since
independence up to September, 1985.
2. Ministry of Welfare: From September 1985 to May 1998.
3. Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment from May 1998 to September 1999.
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was established by amending Article
338 and inserting a new Article 338A in the Constitution through the Constitution (89th
Amendment) Act, 2003. By this amendment, the erstwhile National Commission for Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes was replaced by two separate Commissions namely- (i) the National
Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), and (ii) the National Commission for Scheduled
Tribes (NCST) w.e.f. 19 February, 2004.
The Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) strategy
The Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) strategy is a Government of India initative aimed for the rapid socio-
economic development of tribal people. The funds provided under the Tribal Sub Plan of the
State have to be at least equal in proportion to the ST population of each State or UTs. Similarly
Central Ministries/Departments are also required to earmark funds out of their budget for the
Tribal Sub-Plan. As per guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, the Tribal Sub Plan funds
are to be non-divertible and non-lapsable. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes is
vested with the duty to participate and advise in the planning process of socio-economic
development of STs, and to evaluate the progress of their development under the Union and any
State.
Reference:
Ministry of Tribal Affairs
CensusIndia
Racial Diversity in India
Favourable physiography and
prevailing climate condition of
the country has been the
cause of influx of population
streams majorly from central
Asia along with Australia and
Tanzania thus the resultant
racial diversity in India. It is the
long temporal influx of these
people that marks the
development of India as the
example of multiracial
country. The validity of racial
categorization have been
discarded in context of strong
intermixing among the racial
communities .It is census
report 1991 that thus avails the data for the general spatial categorization and analysis of racial
diversity in India.
The prominent racial group recognized in the country is Caucasoid with the division of Dravidian
and Aryans as peninsular and extra peninsular dwellers.
The Dravidian population incorporates two major racial groups identified as Negrittos and Paleo
Mediterranean.
1.Negritto racial group is especially applicable to Andaman Nicobar Islands however also
incorporate the tribal communities of southern hills in the peninsular interiors.They are referred
to be the black short heightened people and possibly the first influx of population stream in the
analysis of racial diversity in India.
2.Paleo Mediterranean racial group are referred as true Dravidian .They are correlated to
initiation of agriculture activities in the peninsula.
Proto Australoid: are the central Indian dwellers in the analysis of racial diversity in India. They
form the transitional racial belt between True Dravidian and true Aryans. This racial group have
been related to the Indus valley civilization and thereby the cultural significance of inducing
agrarian and urban characteristics in the cultural advancement of the country.
Mongoloid racial group: marked the second phase of dominating population influx in the
temporal sequence .They are applicable majorly to the northern mountain wall where in North-
Western Himalayas denotes the dominance of Paleo Mongoloids whereas for North-Eastern
states racial category is dominated as Tibeto-Mongoloid .
The true Aryans extra peninsular dwellers incorporates 3 sub racial divides
1. Dinaric Caucasoid typical to western India
2. True Mediterranean East Indian dwellers
3. Dominating Aryan race Nordics in near total northern plains of country.
Characteristics of industry
Industry is classified into different sectors - secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The employment
structure of a country shows how the labour force is divided into the different sectors.
Classification of industry
Secondary industry
Factory
Secondary industries are those that take the raw materials [raw
material: Anything naturally occurring in or on the earth / in the
sea before being processed. These are obtained through primary
activities such as mining, fishing, forestry and farming. ]
produced by the primary sector and process them into
manufactured [manufactured: Articles or goods produced by
workers in secondary industries from raw materials. ] goods and products.
Examples of secondary industries include heavy manufacturing [heavy manufacturing:
Industries like steel-making or textile production that are dependant on heavy raw materials (eg
coal and iron) and produce bulky goods. ], light manufacturing [light manufacturing:
Manufacturing where both the raw materials and final goods are less bulky and can be easily
transported. Examples of light industries include food processing and household electrical
goods. ], food processing, oil refining and energy production.
Tertiary and quaternary industry
The tertiary sector is also called the service sector and involves the selling of services and skills.
They can also involve selling goods and products from primary and secondary industries.
Examples of tertiary employment include the health service, transportation, education,
entertainment, tourism, finance, sales and retail [retail: The commercial selling of goods and
products. ].
raw materials
Use the activity below to check your understanding of how these factors affect industrial location
decisions. Work out where on the map would be the best site for each company and then click on
that location.
Agglomeration and footloose industries
These are two 'special cases' of industrial location.
Agglomeration is when a number of producers in the same or related industries group themselves
together. They do this to benefit from local skill pools, economies of scale or the prowess of a
locality in a particular field. An example is the large number of financial services companies (eg
banks and insurance companies) which are headquartered in the City of London.
Footloose industries are those that are less dependent on factors that tie them to a specific
geographical location. Unlike manufacturing industries, tertiary or services, companies do not
have to be near a source of raw materials. As long as they have suitable transport, energy and
communications links, they can locate themselves virtually anywhere in the world. Examples of
footloose industries are computer software development, telephone sales and call centres.
Hydrogen Bomb
Atom bombs release energy by fission, or breaking apart, of heavy atomic nuclei like uranium
and plutonium, while A hydrogen bomb releases energy by fusing together light nuclei
like tritium or deuterium, converting even more matter into energy.
Fusion powers the Sun and stars as hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium, and matter is
converted into energy. Hydrogen, heated to very high temperatures changes from a gas to a
plasma in which the negatively-charged electrons are separated from the positively-charged
atomic nuclei (ions). Normally, fusion is not possible because the strongly repulsive electrostatic
forces between the positively charged nuclei prevent them from getting close enough together to
collide and for fusion to occur. However, if the conditions are such that the nuclei can overcome
the electrostatic forces to the extent that they can come within a very close range of each other,
then the attractive nuclear force (which binds protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei)
between the nuclei will outweigh the repulsive (electrostatic) force, allowing the nuclei to fuse
together. Such conditions can occur when the temperature increases, causing the ions to move
faster and eventually reach speeds high enough to bring the ions close enough together. The
nuclei can then fuse, causing a release of energy.
Basics of Hydrogen Bomb
First, the stages of the weapon are separated into a triggering, primary explosive and a much
more powerful secondary explosive.
After this, the secondary explosive is compressed by X-rays coming from the nuclear fission of
the primary explosive. This process is called the radiation implosion of the secondary
explosive.
Finally, the secondary explosive is heated, after cold compression, by a second fission explosion
that occurs inside the secondary explosive.
Differences between Hydrogen bomb and Atom bomb.
A Hydrogen bomb is a much more powerful atomic weapon.
The energy released in a Hydrogen bomb is several magnitudes higher than an Atom bomb.
Hydrogen bombs can devastate whole cities in one explosion.
A Hydrogen bomb derives its energy through the fusion of atoms. An Atom bomb derives its
energy from fission.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission are different types of reactions that release energy. In fission,
an atom is split into 2 or more smaller, lighter atoms. Fusion, in contrast, occurs when 2 or more
atoms fuse together, creating a larger, heavier atom.
A fusion bomb is more sophisticated and difficult to make, since it requires a much higher
temperature in the order of millions of degrees centigrade. So a fission is carried out first to
produce more energy, which is then used to initiate fusion. In a fusion bomb, a fission device has
to be triggered first.
It is easier to make Hydrogen bombs in small size, so it is easier to place them in missiles.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki both were atomic bombs and till date Hydrogen bombs have never
been used in war.
Indias Cotton & Textile Industry : Main Points
Indias textile and clothing industry contributes 4% per cent to Gross Domestic Product, 14 per
cent in industrial production and 12 per cent in export earnings.
It is the second largest industry providing employment after agriculture. It provides
employment to around 35 million people.
Contents
First Cotton Mill of India
Adverse Effects of Partition on Cotton Industry
Development Starts
Cotton Association of India
Cotton Price Index
Leading States
Main Competitors of India
Technology Upgrdation Fund Scheme (TUFS)
Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP)
National Textile Policy
Strengths of Indian textile Industry
Technology Mission on Cotton
Some important Schemes for Handloom Development
Apparel Export Promotion Council:
Decade of manufacturing
Objectives of the Eleventh Plan for Textile Industry:
First Cotton Mill of India
The first Indian cotton cloth mill was established in 1818 at Fort Gloaster near Kolkata, albeit
this mill was a failure.
The second mill which was established by KGN Daber in 1854 is called the true foundation of
modern cotton industry in India. Its name was Bombay Spinning and weaving Company,
Bombay.
Adverse Effects of Partition on Cotton Industry
Partition of India in 1947 affected Indian cotton industry badly. Most of the weavers who were
Muslims migrated to Pakistan. There were 394 cotton mills in India before partition , out of this
14 mills went to Pakistan. Remaining 380 mills which were left in India. However 40 % cotton
producing area became area of Pakistan. Thus India was forced to import raw cotton to keep
the mills alive.
Development Starts
Till the year 1985, development of textile sector in India took place in terms of general policies.
In 1985, for the first time the importance of textile sector was recognized and a separate policy
statement was announced with regard to development of textile sector.
In 1993, Govt. of India made this industry license free by its Textile Development and regulation
Order 1993.
Cotton Association of India
Cotton Association of India was established in the year 1921 with a view to facilitate cotton
trade and regulate cotton futures in Mumbai. Since then, CAI has been playing a pivotal role in
development and promotion of cotton across India. In 1952, CAI was granted permanent
recognition for conducting futures trading in cotton throughout India. Formerly known as East
India Cotton Association, it was redesignated as Cotton Association of India in August 2007.
Cotton Price Index
Cotton Price Index was launched by Cotton Association of India on the lines of ICE futures in US
and Cotlook in UK. It will be an independent index of cotton prices in India.
Leading States
In India the cotton and man made fibre industry is concentrated mainly in Maharastra, Tamil
nadu and Gujarat.
Main Competitors of India
The main competitors of India in the textile exports are China, Pakistan & Bangladesh.
Meera Seth Committee was related to development of Handloom sector which submitted its
report in 1997. This committee recommended the establishment of national handloom fund of
Rs. 500 crore.
Technology Upgrdation Fund Scheme (TUFS)
The Government of India (GOI), Ministry of Textiles (MOT), introduced Technology Upgrdation
Fund Scheme (TUFS) for Textile and Jute Industries on April 1, 1999, for a period of 5 years,
subsequently extended by 3 years to cover sanctions up to March 31, 2007. The Budget for FY
2007-08 has announced further extension of the Scheme by five years i.e to last til, FY 2011-12.
Post-extension, the Scheme is under revision and sanctions w.e.f April 1, 2007, have been kept
in abeyance under TUFS. Rs. 3140 crore have been alloted in Union Budget 2009-10 for this
scheme. The Scheme is intended to facililate induction of state-of-the-art or near state-of-the-
art technology. Existing units with or without expansion and new units are eligible under TUFS.
Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP)
To provide the industry with world-class infrastructure facilities for setting up their textile units,
the Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP) was approved in July 2005 to create new textile
parks of international standards at potential growth centres. As per the target for the 10th Five
Year Plan, 30 Textiles projects have been approved. There has been overwhelming response to
the scheme. Taking into consideration the response to the scheme and the opportunities for
the growth of textile industry in the quota free regime, the Government of India have decided
to continue the SITP in the 11th Five Year Plan. This will facilitate additional investment,
employment generation and increase in textiles production. In the Union Budget 2009-10 , Rs.
397 crore were provided for this scheme.
National Textile Policy
In the year 2000, National Textile Policy was announced. Its main objective was: to provide cloth
of acceptable quality at reasonable prices for the vast majority of the population of the country,
to increasingly contribute to the provision of sustainable employment and the economic growth
of the nation; and to compete with confidence for an increasing share of the global market. The
policy also aimed at achieving the target of textile and apparel exports of US $ 50 billion by 2010
of which the share of garments will be US $ 25 billion.
Strengths of Indian textile Industry
India has rich resources of raw materials of textile industry.
Technology Mission on Cotton
In order to consolidate the strength in raw material especially the cotton sector and to remove
contamination, the Government had set up the Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC) on 20th
February 2000. The Mission, consisting of four Mini-Missions, was intended to run for a 5-year
term, commencing from 1999-2000. It has since been extended by 3 years to cover the entire
Tenth Plan period, ending with 2006-07
Some important Schemes for Handloom Development
Deen Dayal Hathkargha Protsahan Yojna , Workshed cum housing scheme , Weavers welfare
Scheme , Health Insurance Scheme for handloom weavers , The Mahatma Gandhi Bunkar Bima
Yojna , The integrated Handloom Cluster development Scheme
Apparel Export Promotion Council:
AEPC was incorporated 1978 and is the official body of apparel exporters in India that provides
invaluable assistance to Indian exporters as well as importers/international buyers who choose
India as their preferred sourcing destination for garments.
Sponsored by the Ministry of Textiles to monitor garment exports and quotas APEC also
provides online trading, news, quota circulars, EXIM. Over the last 25 years, the council has been
continuously involved in the task of promoting exports by organising buyer-seller meets, leading
trade delegations to potential markets globally, participating in specialized international fairs,
organising the India International Garment Fair biannually, and organizing seminars on fashion
and workshops on technical aspects of the industry
Twice a year, AEPC showcases the best of Indias garment export capabilities through the
prestigious India International Garment Fair, playing host to over 350 exhibitors displaying
the exotic, the haute, the prt, the contemporary and much more.
Decade of manufacturing
The decade 2006-2015 is the decade of manufacturing for India. The National Manufacturing
Competitive Council (NMCC) has emphasized on the need for focused attention to the specified
sectors of the manufacturing which are labor intensive and also enjoy competitive advantage.
The textile and clothing industry is identified as one such sector. The Working Group has
suggested a plan of action including higher plan outlay to enable this industry to realize its full
potential during this Plan period.
Objectives of the Eleventh Plan for Textile Industry:
Build up world class state-of-the-art manufacturing capacities to attain and sustain
predominant global standing in manufacture and export of textiles and clothing.
2. Facilitate Indian textile industry to grow at the rate of 16 percent in value terms to reach level
of US$ 115 billion (comprising of US$ 55 billion of exports and US$ 60 billion of domestic
market).
3. Attain the 7 percent share in global textile trade by the terminal year of the Plan period.
MCQs
Q.1. Which of the following is/are regions of Tropical forest and mangaroves?
1. Western Ghats
2. Andaman Nicobar Islands
3. West Bengal
Select the correct answer from the following codes
a. Only 3
b. Only 1 and 2
c. Only 2 and 3
d. 1,2 and 3
Answer: a
Explanation: The Western Ghats and the Andaman Nicobar Islands have tropical rain
forests, the deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves; Himalayan heights are
marked with temperate vegetation;
Q.2 Consider the following statements
1. Natural vegetation depends on variation in climate alone.
3. Absence of stratification
Select the correct answer from the following codes
a. Only 1
b. Only 1 and 2
c. Only 2 and 3
d. 1,2 and 3
Answer: b
Explanation: Tropical evergreen forest are found in warm and humid areas with an
annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22oC. Tropical
evergreen forests are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered
with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees. In
these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above. There is no definite time
for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. As such these forests appear green
all the year round.
Q.4 Flora species like ebony and aini are found in which type of natural
vegetation?
a. Tropical semi evergreen forest
b. Tropical evergreen forest
c. Temperate forest
d. Tropical deciduous forest
Answer: b
Explanation: Tropical evergreen forests appear green all the year round. Species found
in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc. Main species of semi
evergreen forests are white cedar, hollock and kail.
Q.8 With reference to dry deciduous forest, Which of the following is/are true?
1. Dry deciduous forest transcend into semi evergreen forest in wetter margins and on
dryer margins it transcends into Tropical thorny forest.
2. It covers areas with rainfall between 70 100 cm.
3. In India it is found in plains of Uttarparadesh, Bihar and drier areas of peninsular India
Select the correct answer from the following codes
a. Only 1
b. Only 1 and 2
c. Only 2 and 3
d. 1,2 and 3
Answer:c
Explanation: Dry deciduous forest covers vast areas of the country, where rainfall
ranges between 70 -100 cm. On the wetter margins, it has a transition to the moist
deciduous, while on the drier margins to thorn forests. These forests are found in rainier
areas of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.