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OVERVIEW
There are many different metals commercially Machinability ratings are relative ratings.
available. Some are easier to machine They compare the ease of machining an alloy
than others. Many years ago, a system was to a standard. That standard is 160 Brinel
developed to rate the relative ease or difficulty hardness B1112 cold drawn steel machined
of machining various metals. These ratings are at 180 surface feet per minute. B1112 was
called Machinability Ratings. Machinists and assigned a score of 1.00. The machinability
manufacturing engineers use machinability of all other alloys is compared to the standard
ratings when they select tool material, feed score of 1.00.
rates, and machine speeds for metal cutting
and grinding operations. We use machinability The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
ratings along with the other factors included tested many alloys and compared the normal
in our Machining and Grinding System Survey cutting speed, tool life and surface finish
when we recommend coolants and cutting oils to that obtained when machining B1112.
for these operations. This Skill Builder explains Materials with scores above 1.00 are easier to
how machinability ratings are established. It machine than B1112. Likewise, materials with
also lists the ratings for common metals. scores of less than 1.00 are more difficult to
machine. For example, Inconel is an alloy that
ABOUT MACHINABILITY RATINGS is very difficult to machine and it has a rating
of 0.09!
Machinability is not an exact term. It means
the ease with which a given material may be The machinability ratings (MR) in the tables
worked with a cutting tool. The cutting process were established for materials with Brinell
is impacted by variables like cutting speed, hardness numbers (BHN) as listed. When a
dimensions of the cut, tool form, tool material, material listed is to be machined and is found
the cutting fluid, rigidity of tool holding device, to have a BHN different from that shown in the
and the level of tool/part impact relative to table, a ratio is applied. The ratio of the BHN
constant or intermittent contact. However, in the table to the actual BHN of the workpiece
the machinability rating provides a starting is multiplied by the listed machinability
point for understanding the severity of a rating (MR) to provide the MR of the actual
metalworking operation. workpiece. For example, a 3140 at a BHN
of 197 is shown on the table to have an MR
of 0.55. The 3140 to be machined has an
actual BHN of 220. Therefore 197 divided by
220 times 0.55 equals 0.49. This means the
machinability of the 3140 at a BHN of 220 has
an MR of 0.49.
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CONCLUSION
The use of the machinability rating is a
method to assist you in recognizing how
easy or how hard a given alloy is to machine
in comparison to others. Like any specific
appliction method, there is always a plus-or-
minus leeway to applying the values. Again,
use this as a guideline to understand the
difficulty of machining.
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