CiTRANS 650 U3 Technical

CiTRANS 650 U3
Smart Packet Transport Network
Product Description
Version: A/1
Code: MN000002936
FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
June 2016
Thank you for choosing our products.
We appreciate your business. Your satisfaction is our goal.

We will provide you with comprehensive technical support
and after-sales service. Please contact your local sales
representative, service representative or distributor for any
help needed at the contact information shown below.
Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: No. 67, Guanggu Chuangye Jie, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Zip code: 430073
Tel: +6 03 7960 0860/0884 (for Malaysia)
+91 98 9985 5448 (for South Asia)
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Fax: +86 27 8717 8521
Website: http://www.fiberhomegroup.com
Legal Notice
are trademarks of FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.

(Hereinafter referred to as FiberHome)
All brand names and product names used in this document are used for
identification purposes only and are trademarks or registered trademarks
of their respective holders.
All rights reserved
No part of this document (including the electronic version) may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
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Preface
Related Documentation
Document Description
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Introduces the products functions and features, protection
Transport Network Product mechanism, network applications, and technical
Description specifications.
Describes the equipments structures, functions,

CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet
specifications, and technical parameters in terms of its
Transport Network Hardware
hardware components (i.e. the cabinet, the subrack, cards,
Description
and cables).

Briefs how to install the CiTRANS 650 U3 equipment,
Transport Network Quick
connect and lay out its wires and cables.
Installation Guide
Describes the rules and methods for configuring various
services and functions of the equipment in the OTNM2000,
Transport Network Configuration
and lists typical configuration examples and operation
Guide
procedures.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Gives a detailed description of items and procedures of
Transport Network Routine routine maintenance on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly
Maintenance and yearly basis.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Gives a detailed introduction to notices of fault

Transport Network management, fault isolating methods as well as procedures
Troubleshooting Guide and methods of fault management.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Describes levels and classification of alarms and
Transport Network Alarm and performance events; lists definitions, causes and
Performance Reference processing methods of all alarms and performance events.
Includes four manuals, i.e., product description, operation

e-Fim OTNM2000 Element guide, routine maintenance and installation guide, all of
Management System Manual which are aimed at introducing common and fundamental
Set contents of the OTNM2000 for a better understanding and
proficient use of the network management system.
Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000073); briefs how

PDP250B User Guide
to install the PDP, connect and lay out its wires and cables.
I
Document Description

PDP296B User Guide

PDP850A User Guide
II
Version
Version Description
A Initial version.
Intended Readers
This manual is intended for the following readers:
u Planning and designing engineers
u Commissioning engineers
u Operation and maintenance engineers
To utilize this manual, these prerequisite skills are necessary:
u Router related technology
u Data communication technology
u Ethernet technology
III
Conventions
Terminology Conventions
Terminology Convention
CiTRANS 650 U3 FiberHome CiTRANS 650 U3 Equipment
FiberHome e-Fim OTNM2000 Element Management

OTNM2000
System
SNCV1 Control Switch Unit of the CiTRANS 650 U3

XSV1 1-port 10GE Interface Card
XSV2 2-ports 10GE Interface Card
MSV1 8-ports GE/FE Interface Optical Card
GSV4 8-ports GE/FE Interface Electric Card
GSV3 8-ports GE Optical Interface Card
ESV2 8-ports FE Optical Interface Card
E1V1 32 Port E1 Line Card with CES

S1V1 4 STM-1 Optical Interface Card
PWR Power Card

FAN Fan Unit
Symbol Conventions
Symbol Meaning Description
Note Important features or operation guide.
Possible injury to persons or systems, or cause traffic

Caution
interruption or loss.
Warning May cause severe bodily injuries.
Jump Jumps to another step.
Cascading
Connects multiple-level menu options.
menu
Bidirectional
The service signal is bidirectional.
service
Unidirectional
The service signal is unidirectional.
service
IV
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................I
Related Documentation ...................................................................................I
Version ..........................................................................................................III
Intended Readers ..........................................................................................III
Conventions ................................................................................................. IV
1 Overview ........................................................................................................1
1.1 Product Introduction..........................................................................2
1.2 Product Positioning...........................................................................2
1.3 Network Application ..........................................................................3
2 Function .........................................................................................................4
2.1 Unified Cross-connect Capability ......................................................5
2.2 Service Type and Access Capability..................................................5
2.2.1 Service Type.......................................................................5

2.2.2 Access Capability ...............................................................5
2.3 Protection Capability .........................................................................6
2.3.1 Equipment-level Protection .................................................6

2.3.2 Network-level Protection .....................................................7
2.3.3 Network Management Information Protection ......................9
2.4 Carrier-Class Network Management..................................................9
2.4.1 Support of Centralized Configuration Management............10

2.4.2 Support of Performance and Alarm Management ..............10
2.4.3 DCN Construction............................................................. 11
3 Product Feature ............................................................................................13
3.1 OAM Feature ..................................................................................14
3.1.1 Introduction to OAM ..........................................................14

3.1.2 MPLS-TP OAM Mechanism ..............................................16
3.1.3 MPLS-TP OAM Function Signaling ...................................16
3.2 QoS Feature...................................................................................19

3.2.1 QoS Overview ..................................................................19
3.2.2 QoS Capability..................................................................19
3.2.3 QoS Mechanism ...............................................................21
3.3 Clock Feature .................................................................................22
3.3.1 Clock Signal Synchronization............................................22

3.3.2 Clock and Time Synchronization Technology.....................23
3.3.3 Time Signal Synchronization Capability.............................31
3.4 Easy Maintenance ..........................................................................32
3.4.1 Remote Software Upgrade of Cards ..................................32

3.4.2 Automatic Identification of Cards via the EMS....................33
3.4.3 Automatic Storage of Card Operation and Fault Message..33
3.4.4 Automatic Discovery of NEs..............................................33
3.4.5 Prompt of Power Failure....................................................33
3.5 Feature of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction .........................34
3.6 Intelligent Fan Feature ....................................................................35
4 Product Structure..........................................................................................36
4.1 Logical Structure.............................................................................37
4.2 Hardware Structure.........................................................................39
4.2.1 Introduction to Cabinet ......................................................39

4.2.2 Equipment Layout.............................................................43
4.2.3 PDP Used by the CiTRANS 650 U3 ..................................43
4.2.4 CiTRANS 650 U3 Subrack ................................................45
4.2.5 Card Classification and Corresponding Slot.......................47
4.2.6 Positioning of Cards in the System ....................................48
4.3 Software Architecture......................................................................49
4.3.1 Overview ..........................................................................50

4.3.2 Communication Protocol and Interface ..............................50
4.3.3 EMU Software ..................................................................51
4.3.4 Network Management Software ........................................52
5 Service Application .......................................................................................54
5.1 Ethernet Service .............................................................................55
5.1.1 Service Type.....................................................................55

5.1.2 Service Example...............................................................55
5.1.3 Application Scenario .........................................................58
5.2 CES Service ...................................................................................61
5.2.1 Emulation Mode................................................................61

5.2.2 Service Clock ...................................................................61
5.2.3 Application Scenario .........................................................64
5.3 Coarse-grained Private Line Service ...............................................64
5.4 Base Station GE / FE Service Bearing.............................................65
6 Protection Implementation ............................................................................67
6.1 Equipment-Level Protection ............................................................68
6.1.1 1+1 Protection for the Core Switch and Cross-connect

Card .................................................................................68
6.1.2 1+1 Protection for the Power Card.....................................69
6.1.3 TPS 1:1 Protection for the E1 Card....................................69
6.2 Network-level Protection .................................................................70
6.2.1 LSP 1:1 Protection............................................................70

6.2.2 PW APS Protection...........................................................72
6.2.3 Ethernet LAG Protection ...................................................74
6.3 Network Management Information Protection ..................................75
7 Security Management ...................................................................................79
7.1 Access Control ...............................................................................80
7.2 User Level and Permission Management ........................................80
7.3 Data Security ..................................................................................82
7.4 Log Management............................................................................82
8 Technical Specifications................................................................................83
8.1 System Performance Specifications ................................................84
8.2 Subrack Specifications....................................................................84
8.3 Card Specifications.........................................................................84
8.3.1 Dimensions, Weight, Power Consumption and Slot of

Cards ...............................................................................85
8.3.2 Specifications of the XSV1 / XSV2 Card ............................85
8.3.3 Specifications of the MSV1/GSV3/ESV2 Card ...................86
8.3.4 Specifications of the GSV4 Card .......................................87
8.3.5 Specifications of the E1V1 Card ........................................87
8.3.6 Specifications of the S1V1 Card ........................................88
8.4 Applicable Standard........................................................................89
8.4.1 International Standards .....................................................89

8.4.2 Safety Standards of Laser.................................................93
8.4.3 Relevant Safety Standards................................................94
8.4.4 Relevant EMC Standards..................................................94
8.4.5 Relevant Environment Standards ......................................95
8.4.6 Grounding Standards........................................................97
8.4.7 Noise Standards ...............................................................97
8.4.8 Fire Prevention Standards.................................................97
8.4.9 Relevant Packaging Standards .........................................98
8.5 Environmental Requirement............................................................98
8.5.1 Operating Environment .....................................................99

8.5.2 Storage Environment ......................................................102
8.5.3 Transport Environment....................................................104
Appendix A Abbreviations ..........................................................................107

1 Overview
The following is intended to introduce the product from the following aspects.
Product Introduction
Product Positioning
Network Application
Version: A/1 1
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
1.1 Product Introduction
CiTRANS 650 U3, the compact MPLS-TP equipment, is designed and developed to
meet the requirements of a variety of flexible transmission at access layer. Using the
unified Packet switching platform, the product supports multi-service access and
unified switching. The product supports stacking of multiple devices, so as to
facilitate extension of accessed service. The CiTRANS 650 U3 features guaranteed
QoS mechanism, carrier-class reliability, a complete set of service processing
capabilities, convenient and flexible service configuration and management, and
high-precision time synchronization, meeting the requirements of data services and
wireless access network services for the network equipment.
Taking the unified switching as the core, the CiTRANS 650 U3 provides access of
services such as Ethernet and TDM services, meeting full-service access
requirements of operators.
Compatible with MPLS-TP technology, the CiTRANS 650 U3 is aiming at carrying

comprehensive services. It is mainly located on the small or large scale access and
convergence nodes of the MAN.
The appearance of the product is as shown below.
Figure 1-1 Appearance of the CiTRANS 650 U3
1.2 Product Positioning
The CiTRANS 650 U3 is mainly located at the small- or large-scale access and
convergence nodes of the MAN, meeting full-service access requirements of
operators.
2 Version: A/1
1 Overview
The CiTRANS 650 U3 integrates packet processing and TDM processing

capabilities, and provides interfaces for multiple services including Ethernet and
TDM services. It can be applied in many scenarios such as IP-based RAN
transmission and fixed bandwidth data convergence and transmission. It provides
abundant service types and impeccable service management mechanism for fixed
network users, commercial network users, and mobile network users. It is applicable
to the access layer of MANs and LANs.
1.3 Network Application
Figure 1-2 shows the networking scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U3 which serves as
the platform for bearing multiple services.
Figure 1-2 Network Scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U3
Version: A/1 3
2 Function
As a carrier-class transmission equipment, the CiTRANS 650 U3 supports multiple

service types and provides a wide variety of functions to ensure service
transmission quality and efficiency. The main functions of the CiTRANS 650 U3 are
described as follows.
Unified Cross-connect Capability
Service Type and Access Capability
Protection Capability
Carrier-Class Network Management
4 Version: A/1
2 Function
2.1 Unified Cross-connect Capability
The CiTRANS 650 U3 takes the unified switching as the core and has a cross-
connect grooming capability as shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Cross-connect Grooming Capability
Code of Core Switch &

Product Code Cross-connect Capacity
Cross-connect Card
CiTRANS 650 U3 SNCV1 Packet: 100G / 160G
2.2 Service Type and Access Capability
The following introduces the service types and access capability of the CiTRANS
650 U3.
2.2.1 Service Type
See Table 2-2 for the service types supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Table 2-2 Applicable Service Types
Service Category Service Type Reference Standard

FE IEEE 802.3z
Ethernet service GE IEEE 802.3u
10GE LAN / WAN IEEE 802.3ae
ITU-T G.703
ITU-T G.783
E1
ITU-T G.823
TDM service ITU-T G.824
ITU-T G.707
STM-1 ITU-T G.691
ITU-T G.957
2.2.2 Access Capability
See Table 2-3 for types and access capabilities of various services supported by
the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Version: A/1 5
Table 2-3 Access Capability
Service Accessed Line

Service Type Card Name Interface Type
Category Quantity
XSV1 1 Optical interface

10GE
XSV2 2 Optical interface
Electrical
Ethernet GSV4 8
interface
service
GE/FE hybrid MSV1 8 Optical interface
GSV3 8 Optical interface
ESV2 8 Optical interface
Electrical
E1 E1V1 32
CES service interface
STM-1 S1V1 4 Optical interface
2.3 Protection Capability
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides equipment-level protection, network-level protection

and network management information protection.
2.3.1 Equipment-level Protection
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides abundant equipment-level protections, as shown in

Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Equipment-level Protection
Protection Object Protection Mode
Core switch and cross-connect card 1+1 hot standby
Power card 1+1 hot standby
Fan unit Hot standby
E1 card TPS 1:1 protection
6 Version: A/1
2 Function
1+1 Protection for the Core Switch and Cross-connect Card
u It is recommended that two SNCV1 cards in hot standby mode be configured

for the CiTRANS 650 U3. When the active card fails, services on the active
card will be switched to the standby card, so as to implement the 1+1
protection.
1+1 Protection for the Power Card
It is recommended that two power cards in hot standby mode be configured for the
CiTRANS 650 U3. When the active card fails, the power supply to which the
standby card connects provides power for the equipment, implementing 1+1
protection.
Protection for the Fan Unit
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides intelligent fan unit protection.
The fan unit of the CiTRANS 650 U3 includes four fans that are working
independently and performing mutual hot standby. When all fans are operating
normally, the fan unit rotates according to the working mode set by the SRC2A card.
If one of the fans fails or stops rotating, the fan unit will report the alarm information
and refuse to receive the command from the core switch and cross-connect card,
and the remaining fans run in full speed, so as to facilitate the heat dissipation and
guarantee the normal operating of the equipment.
TPS 1:1 Protection for the E1 Card
It is recommended that two E1 cards and one terminal board should be configured
for the CiTRANS 650 U3. When the active card fails, services on the active card will
be switched to the standby card, so as to implement the TPS 1:1 protection.
2.3.2 Network-level Protection
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides abundant network-level protections, as shown in

Table 2-5.
Version: A/1 7
Table 2-5 Network-level Protection
Service Type Protection Protection mode

LSP protection 1:1
PW APS protection 1:1, redundancy
Ethernet service
Ethernet LAG
Port aggregation
protection
LSP 1:1 Protection
In LSP 1:1 protection, the protection path is used to protect the services transmitted
over the working path. When the working path fails, the service switches to the
protection path.
The service protected by the LSP 1:1 protection is single-fed and single-received.
Depending on whether the service is switched to the working path after the working
path is back to normal, the LSP protection can be divided into revertive and non-
revertive modes. And depending on whether the Rx and Tx ends of the service are
assisting the switching when the switching occurs, the LSP protection can be
divided into unidirectional and bidirectional protections.
In LSP 1:1 protection, the active / standby status and switching status are
exchanged on the protection path through the APS protocol. The equipment at both
ends performs service switching according to protocol statuses and switching
statuses.
PW APS Protection
In PW APS protection, the PW OAM packet is used to test the quality of the service
channel, and the APS packet is used between two stations for interaction and
switching.
The PW 1:1 protection is applied in the scenario of same source and same sink.
The PW APS protection is implemented by configuring two PWs with the same
source and sink stations but with different paths that carry the Tunnel.
The PW redundancy protection is applied in the scenario of same source and

different sinks. The PW APS protection is implemented by configuring two PWs with
the same source station but different sink stations (sink 1 and sink 2).
8 Version: A/1
2 Function
Ethernet LAG Protection
A Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is a group of physical Ethernet interfaces with the
same rate that are bound as a logical interface for the purpose of increasing the
bandwidth and protecting link protection.
LAG provides larger bandwidth and higher reliability of the links. Members of the
port aggregation group perform mutual dynamic backup protection; when one link
fails, other links will take over the traffic load of the failed link to achieve load sharing.
2.3.3 Network Management Information Protection
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides a protection channel for network management

information. The NEs whose network management information should be protected
is accessed into the data communication network (DCN), and connected with the
network management system host to establish the protection channel of the
network management information.
When the network is normal, network management information is transmitted on the

working channel. When the working channel fails, an NE automatically switches to
the protection channel to transmit network management information, which allows
the network management system to monitor and operate the entire network.
2.4 Carrier-Class Network Management
The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses the OTNM2000 Element Management System

(hereinafter referred to as the OTNM2000) to realize the network management. The
OTNM2000 is the subnet of the TMN and designed in line with the OSI standard of
ISO.
The OTNM2000 offered by FiberHome can implement the integrated management

on various types of FiberHomes transmission and access equipment with one
platform, so as to facilitate better user experience and lower the maintenance
budget.
Version: A/1 9
2.4.1 Support of Centralized Configuration Management
The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses the OTNM2000 to perform unified configuration

management at the central office, with a large control scope, high management
efficiency, and low maintenance cost.
Configuration management includes network configuration and NE configuration.
u Network information configuration: includes setting up, modifying and deleting

physical links and service channels of a network, and reconfiguring physical
links and channels and recovering routes when faults occur on the network.
u NE information configuration: indicates managing (creating, deleting, and

modifying) NEs that constitute a communication network, including NE
initialization and function configuration (adding or deleting NEs, subracks, or
cards).
2.4.2 Support of Performance and Alarm Management
The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses the OTNM2000 to perform performance management

and alarm management and implements operations such as real-time collection,
prompt, browsing, filter, confirmation, clearing, and statistics collection related to
performance data and alarms, as well as alarm relevance analysis and fault
diagnosis.
u Performance management: The OTNM2000 provides the performance

management function, produces reports and evaluation on the transport
performance parameters of the communication equipment and networks. It
collects quality data and statistics on the actual operation of equipment in
communication networks and monitors the status and performance of networks
and equipment. This provides an evidence for the maintenance personnel to
evaluate, analyze, predict and plan the network.
u Alarm management: The OTNM2000 supports alarm management, implements

real-time monitoring on abnormal operation of the equipment and the network
channels, performs monitoring, report, storage of alarmed signals, and fault
diagnosis, isolation and troubleshooting.
10 Version: A/1
2 Function
2.4.3 DCN Construction
As a part of network management, the DCN is used to transmit network

management information.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports multiple DCN construction modes and isolation of
MCN and SCN, and implements both in-band and out-of-band DCN network modes.
2.4.3.1 In-band DCN Network
In an in-band DCN, the service channel provided by the managed equipment is

used to perform network equipment management. In this mode, network
management information is transmitted via the service channel of the equipment.
This network mode is flexible and requires no additional equipment.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following interfaces of an in-band DCN:
u GE interface
u 10GE interface
u STM-1 interface
See Figure 2-1 for the in-band DCN network of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 2-1 The In-band DCN Network Diagram
Version: A/1 11
2.4.3.2 Out-of-band DCN Network
In an out-of-band DCN, channels other than service channels are used to transmit
network management information to implement network management.
Compared with an in-band DCN, an out-of-band DCN provides management

channels that are more reliable. When service channels of an out-of-band DCN are
faulty, network management information can be obtained in a timely manner and
real-time network monitoring can be implemented.
An out-of-band DCN requires dedicated communication channels independent of

service channels.
In out-of-band DCN network mode, the network management center can set up a
DCN with the managed equipment in multiple modes. The CiTRANS 650 U3
supports the following out-of-band DCN network modes:
u E1 private line
u Ethernet
See Figure 2-2 for the out-of-band DCN network of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 2-2 The Out-of-band DCN Network Diagram
12 Version: A/1
3 Product Feature
The following introduces the technical and maintenance features of the CiTRANS
650 U3.
OAM Feature
QoS Feature
Clock Feature
Easy Maintenance
Feature of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction
Intelligent Fan Feature
Version: A/1 13
3.1 OAM Feature
Based on carriers' network operation requirements, the management of a network is

usually classified into operation, administration, and maintenance, that is, OAM.
u Operation and administration: Routine analysis, prediction, planning, and

configuration for a network and services.
u Maintenance: Routine activities such as performing network and service tests

and fault management.
The ITU-T defines the following OAM functions:
u Monitors performance, generates maintenance information and evaluates

network reliability according to the maintenance information.
u Checks for network faults periodically and generates related maintenance and
alarm information.
u Bypasses the failed entity via scheduling or switching to other entities, so as to

guarantee the normal operation of the network.
u Transmits fault information to the management entity.
3.1.1 Introduction to OAM
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports GACh+Y.1731 based Ethernet OAM, MPLS-TP

network layer OAM and IEEE 802.3ah access link OAM, so as to complete the OAM
management functions at client side and various layers of MPLS-TP network. This
can implement quick fault diagnosis, so as to trigger protection switching and
ensure the carrier-class service quality in the unified switching network.
Table 3-1 lists OAM standards supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3 at various layers
of the network.
Table 3-1 Supported OAM Standards
Network Layer Corresponding OAM Standard
Access link OAM IEEE 802.3ah

MPLS-TP OAM (TMS/TMP/TMC)
GACh+Y.1731
Ethernet OAM
14 Version: A/1
3 Product Feature
Access Link OAM
The access link OAM is an end-to-end OAM function specific to services and
supports the detection on quality of Ethernet link across multiple NEs.
MPLS-TP OAM
MPLS-TP OAM can effectively detect and isolate defects in an MPLS-TP network
and monitor the network performance.
The equipment can trigger the protection switching using the detecting status of
OAM, so as to implement quick fault detection and service protection, and
guarantee the carrier-class QoS in the unified switching network.
The OAM mechanism of the MPLS-TP complies with the standard GACh+Y.1731. It
provides abundant service overhead, similar to the feature of the TDM network. It
also implements the functions of automatic network fault detection, protection
switching, performance monitoring and fault isolation for hierarchical network,
performing the OAM monitoring for each layer of the MPLS-TP.
Ethernet OAM
Ethernet OAM, a tool of monitoring network problems, works at the data link layer,
reports network status via the regular interacting of OAM PDU between devices and
assists network administrators in efficiently managing the network.
The Ethernet OAM is compliant with the ITU-T Y.1731 standard, supports proactive
and on-demand fault management mechanisms, and performs functions such as
Ethernet continuity check, loopback detection, link tracing message, alarm
indication message, maintenance communication channel message, and remote
defect indication.
Version: A/1 15
3.1.2 MPLS-TP OAM Mechanism
Compared to the OAM functions of TDM/SONET and ATM, the traditional packet
based network management and maintenance functions are relatively weak and
cannot provide end-to-end service management, fault detection and performance
monitoring. MPLS-TP has the similar function as the OAM management function of
the TDM, which is different from the traditional packet transport technology and is
the key technology of MPLS-TP.
The main OAM functions are as described follows.
u Supports hierarchical OAM functions. The MPLS-TP OAM provides up to eight

MEG layers (0 to 7), and each layer supports independent OAM functions, so
as to meet the requirements of various network deployment policies.
u Provides the OAM function related to the fault management; performs the
automatic detection, checking and verification, isolation, notification of network
faults. The end-to-end fault management function at the VC-layer can be
performed in the MPLS-TP network.
u Provides the OAM function related to the performance monitoring; performs the
online measurement of network performance and performance report function.
The end-to-end performance measurement function at the VC-layer can be
performed in the MPLS-TP network.
u Provides OAM functions for daily maintenance, including loopback and locking,
providing operators with more convenient maintenance operation methods for
daily network checking.
3.1.3 MPLS-TP OAM Function Signaling
In the aspect of layer, the OAM includes VC, VP and VS, as shown in Figure 3-1.
16 Version: A/1
3 Product Feature
Figure 3-1 MPLS-TP OAM Hierarchical Model
In the aspect of function, the main functions of the MPLS-TP OAM include the
following aspects:
u Alarm related OAM.
u Performance related OAM.
u Other OAMs.
Below are usages of each OAM signaling.
Alarm Related OAM
u CC: Detects whether the connection is normal.
u LB: Loopback function.
Version: A/1 17
u LT: Determines the path from the source end to the destination maintenance
end point.
u AIS: Informs the path failure signal in service layer to the client layer.
u RDI: Indicates remote defect.
u LCK: Locking signaling; used to inform a MEP, related service layer and
sublayer MEP to interrupt normal services because of the management
requirement.
u TST: Testing signaling. The testing request initiated by one MEP to another
MEP.
Performance Related OAM
u LM : Frame loss measurement signaling; used to test the unidirectional or

bidirectional frame loss rate from one MEP to another MEP.
u DM: Packet delay and packet delay variation measurements signaling; used to
test packet transport delay and delay variation from one MEP to another MEP,
and test the total packet transport delay and delay variation of packets from
MEP A to MEP B and that of packets from MEP B to MEP A.
Other OAMs
u APS: Automatic protection switching signaling, defined by the ITU-T Rec.

G.8131 / G.8132, transmitting the APS frame to the opposite end equipment to
execute the protection switching operation.
u MCC: Management communication channel signaling, defined by the G.VPIs-

mgmt, used to bear the MCC information.
u SSM: Synchronization status message signaling, defined by the ITU-T G.8261,

used to bear the SSM information.
u EX: Experimental signaling, used to transmit frames out of experimental

purpose in the administrative domain.
u VS: Vendor specific signaling, used to transmit the specific functions of the
OAM frame of the equipment provider.
u CSF: Client signal fail signaling, used to transmit the fail signal of client layer at
the source end of the MPLS-TP path to the sink end of the MPLS-TP path.
u SCC: Transmits the control plane information from one MEP to the peer MEP.
18 Version: A/1
3 Product Feature
3.2 QoS Feature
The following introduces the QoS feature of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides the hierarchical end-to-end QoS management and
the hierarchically differentiated and fine-grained transmission service based on
stream for every user group, every user and every user service.
3.2.1 QoS Overview
QoS is referred to as performance of data flows on a network and proposed to

ensure end-to-end service quality.
QoS does not contribute to increase of bandwidth but it can be used to allocate and
monitor network resources properly to minimize network delay and jitter and ensure
the quality of key services.
QoS can be measured using the following indicators:
u Service availability: time in which service running is guaranteed.
u Delay: time spent in transmitting a packet between two reference points.
u Jitter: time deviation in arrival of packets in a group transmitted via the same
route.
u Throughput: packet transmission rate, indicated by the average rate or peak

rate.
u Packet loss rate: maximum proportion of discarded packets.
3.2.2 QoS Capability
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides hierarchical end-to-end QoS management and

high-quality differentiated transmission service, and also has a complete QoS
scheduling mechanism.
Version: A/1 19
Traffic Bandwidth Control
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the add / drop traffic bandwidth control policy of
multiple layers as shown below:
u Traffic bandwidth control based on MPLS TUNNEL
u Traffic bandwidth control based on PW
u Traffic bandwidth control based on VPWS
u Traffic bandwidth control based on VPLS-VS
u Traffic bandwidth control based on VPLS emulation LAN
Service Priority Mapping
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports DiffServ. It completely implements PHB defined in

the standard on the MPLS-TP network so that carriers can provide services of
differentiated QoS levels for users.
When forwarding data, the CiTRANS 650 U3 maps user priority and TMC layer
priority carried in received packets to PHBs and maps PHBs in the transmitted
packets to the TMC / TMP layer priority.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports setting PHBs for VPWS, VPWS flows, VPLS-VS,
and LAN ports emulated over VPLS. Users can either choose from the existing
mapping table for the PHB and TMC priority level, or set a specific PHB service
level.
Queue Buffer Management
When network congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 650 U3 employs certain queue
buffering management policies to preferentially ensure the QoS of services with
high priorities.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two types of queue buffering management policies:
tail drop and WRED.
u Tail drop
When the queue is filled to its maximum capacity, the newly arriving packets
are dropped until the queue has enough room to accept inbound traffic.
20 Version: A/1
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u WRED
When the output buffer zone is below the START threshold, no data packet is
discarded. When the output buffer zone is above the END threshold, all data
packets are discarded. When the output buffer zone is between the START and
END thresholds, the discarding rate is an average-queue-length function.
Queue Scheduling
When congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 650 U3 uses different queue scheduling
policies to guarantee the QoS of services with high priority.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two types of queue scheduling policies as follows:
u SP: Packets in queues are scheduled based on the queue priority. In this case,
packets in a lower-priority queue are sent only when those in higher-priority
queues are all sent.
u WFQ: Queues are fairly scheduled based on their weights assigned. Queues
with higher priority are assigned higher weights and therefore occupy more
bandwidth. Similarly, queues with lower priority are assigned lower weights and
therefore occupy less bandwidth.
3.2.3 QoS Mechanism
Combined with the QoS technology of the MPLS-TP, the QoS mechanism includes
traffic classification, traffic policing, marking, traffic shaping, queue scheduling, and
congestion avoidance.
u Traffic classification: The traffic is a group of data message with the same
feature and the classification of services can be based on the data message
traffic. The purpose of traffic classification is to differentiate services, so as to
facilitate the treatment of data message.
u Traffic policing: One action is used after the traffic classification, used to limit
the traffic rate of entering networks.
u Priority marking: Provides priority making services for the designated message,
and the marking contents include TOS, DSCP, 802.1p, MPLS EXP. The MPLS-
TP generally supports eight types of priorities according to the DiffServ
specification.
Version: A/1 21
u Traffic shaping: Sets limits on the burst of traffic, so as to transmit the message
traffic in an even rate and output the packet delay in the service traffic and
comply with the rules in the service model.
u Queue scheduling: When the congestion occurs, multiple messages compete

for the use of resource. The way how the forwarding equipment in the network
will implement the resource scheduling strategy decides the order of performing
message forwarding, which is called the congestion management. The
congestion management uses the queue mechanism and includes creation of
queue, traffic classification deciding the queue belonging of the message, and
the scheduling strategy among queues.
u Congestion avoidance: Monitors the utilization status of network resource (such

as queue or memory buffer) and uses the strategy of discarding the message
actively when overloads are not serious in the network. Congestion avoidance
is a kind of traffic strategy by reducing the network load to relieve or remove the
network congestion. The random early detection RED discard algorithm can
avoid the TCP global synchronization generally.
3.3 Clock Feature
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the physical-layer clock synchronization

mechanism and the IEEE 1588v2 time synchronization protocol, and uses one
clock input / output interface to implement physical-layer clock synchronization.
3.3.1 Clock Signal Synchronization
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports physical-layer clock synchronization and 1588v2

time synchronization.
Physical-layer Clock Synchronization
In physical-layer clock synchronization, clock information is extracted from the

signals transmitted on physical channels for frequency synchronization.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 can extract clock information from the following links:
u E1 interface
u FE interface
22 Version: A/1
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u GE interface
u 10GE interface
u STM-1 interface
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two channels of external clock source input and
output. It can use clock interfaces of 75 and 120, and provide stratum 3 clock
sources of 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s (HDB3) coding externally.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports three clock working modes for processing and
transmitting SSM: locked, hold-over, and free running.
1588v2 Time Synchronization
1588v2 is a time synchronization protocol that provides an accuracy of

nanoseconds and can meet the requirement of 3G base stations.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following features of 1588v2:
u Supports clock and time synchronization using the 1588v2 protocol.
u Supports three clock modes. Each port can be configured to work in desired
mode.
4 Boundary clock mode
4 Ordinary clock mode
4 Transparent clock mode (including the end-to-end transparent clock and

the point-to-point transparent clock)
u Protection switching between synchronization reference sources.
3.3.2 Clock and Time Synchronization Technology
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the synchronous Ethernet technology and 1588v2
time synchronization technology to implement clock and time synchronization.
Below are the detailed introduction to these two technologies.
Version: A/1 23
3.3.2.1 Synchronous Ethernet Technology
Background Information
Synchronous Ethernet, shortened as SyncE, is a technology that physical layer (PHY)

chip of the Ethernet bit steams are used to recover clocks of the Rx end. This mode
is the same with the TDM clock recovery mode and can get the similar TDM clock
precision, so as to realize the network clock synchronization.
The clock synchronization quality of synchronous Ethernet is similar to those of a

TDM network and can not be influenced by the network congestion, packet loss and
delay. At present, the synchronous Ethernet only supports the transmission of the
frequency signals but does not support the transmission of time signals. The
Ethernet scheme is only applicable to the scenario which does not need the time
synchronization.
Basic Concept
Synchronization status information (SSM) algorithm is sourced from clock

synchronization control of TDM. Its rules and clock selection algorithm comply with
the ITU-T G.781 standard. SSM control of the synchronous Ethernet inherits the
features of the TDM network. Ethernet synchronization message channels (ESMC)
are added on the basis of the traditional clock network.
An Ethernet synchronization message channel is a unidirectional broadcast protocol

channel at the media access control (MAC) layer. It is used for transmitting SSMs
between devices. The equipment selects the best clock source according to the
SSM of the ESMC message.
Working Principle
The clock transmission mechanism of the synchronous Ethernet is similar to that of

the TDM network. That is, the clock is recovered from the Ethernet physical link.
The quality of the recovered clock is not affected by service traffic on the link. Clock
tree deployment and clock quality the same as those of the TDM/SONET network
can be provided, meeting the timing interface specifications defined in the ITU-T
G.823 standard.
See Figure 3-2 for the principle of synchronous Ethernet.
24 Version: A/1
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Figure 3-2 Synchronous Ethernet Working Principle
A high-precision timing signal is injected into the Ethernet clock processing module
of equipment at the source side (NE1) and transmitted via line transmitting module
as the system clock after being processed. The signal is extracted from the bit
stream of equipment at the Rx side (NE2). The signal precision can be synchronous
with the source end without loss in the process of transmission.
Network Application
See Figure 3-3 for the synchronous network scheme of frequency synchronization.
Version: A/1 25
Figure 3-3 Frequency Synchronization Network Diagram
3.3.2.2 IEEE 1588v2 Time Synchronization
Background Information
1588v2 time synchronization involves coding time information in master/slave clock

mode and implementing master/slave time synchronization by using the network
symmetry and delay measurement technology.
26 Version: A/1
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Process
Before the 1588v2 technology is introduced, the time protocol, daytime protocol,
and Network Time Protocol (NTP) are used for time synchronization on the packet
network. The NTP is implemented completely via software, so its accuracy is
relatively low. The NTPv3 (widely used currently) can reach an accuracy of
approximately 10 ms. The IETF is standardizing NTPv4, which supports IPv6 and
discovering a server dynamically, with the synchronization accuracy of 10 s. But
the stability and accuracy of NTP cannot meet the telecommunication network
requirements.
1588v2 is a unified method for providing time synchronization and frequency

synchronization in the future. It applies to inter-exchange time and frequency
transmission on different transport platforms. Frequencies can be transmitted
unidirectionally in packet-based time transmission mode based on 1588v2
timestamps. Time synchronization can also be implemented by using the 1588v2
protocol, which is widely applied on unified switching devices.
Features and Advantages
As shown in Table 3-2, 1588v2 has obvious advantages compared with traditional
timing technologies. The accuracy is of ns level, the cost is low, and it can be used
in different access conditions. 1588v2 has become an inevitable trend of
development at the industrial background with increasingly higher accuracy
requirements.
Table 3-2 1588v2 Clock Description
Item GPS NTP CNSS Atomic Clock 1588v2

Typical timing
20ns 10ms 100ns 10ns 100ns
accuracy
Satellite coverage
Yes No Yes No No
needed
Locking time 40s 30ns 60s - 60ns
Integrated cost Medium Low High High Low
Ethernet port
No Support No No Support
supported
Controllability Low High Medium High High
Security Low Low High High Medium

Reliability Medium High Medium High High
Version: A/1 27
Basic Concept
u PTP port status
4 MASTER: master clock port that transmits time synchronization

information to the downlink slave port.
4 SLAVE: slave clock port that receives the time synchronization information
sent from the uplink master port.
u 1588v2 time synchronization node mode
4 Ordinary Clock: applicable to beginning equipment and terminal equipment.

one 1588 port is provided as the slave or master clock port.
4 Boundary Clock: applicable to intermediate nodes. Multiple 1588 ports are

provided, of which one serves as the slave clock port and others serve as
the master clock ports.
4 Transparent Clock: generally used at the intermediate node of the network

to transmit the clock transparently. It transmits the time information
transparently.
Figure 3-4 Time Synchronization Mode Diagram
u BMC (Best Master Clock) algorithm
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The BMC algorithm is the core technology of the 1588v2 protocol. In the BMC
algorithm, clock performance data is compared to determine the optimal clock
in the local network, which serves as the master clock.
u Synchronization interface
4 1PPS&ToD interface: the time information is transferred via the1PPS&ToD

interface. The base station or other equipment needing the time
information recovers the time information from this interface directly. The
base station does not need to support the 1588v2 function.
4 Ethernet synchronization interface: The Ethernet interface supports the

PTP synchronization, including the FE and GE interfaces. This mode can
support a long transmission distance, but the base station needs to
support the PTP protocol and clock recovery functions.
Working Principle
In 1588v2, the round trip delay of packets on the network is estimated to estimate
the equipment clock deviation independently, thereby implementing time
synchronization through master / slave synchronization. The operating principle of
the NTP is described as follows:
1. NE1 transmits a PTP packet to NE2, and record the time when this packet
leaves NE1. The corresponding timestamp is t1.
2. When this PTP packet reaches NE2, NE2 adds the timestamp of receiving this
packet. The corresponding timestamp is Ts1.
3. NE1 transmits the Follow_Up message to NE2, for notifying NE2 of the time t1.
4. When this PTP packet leaves NE2, NE2 records the time t2 of this PTP packet
leaving NE2.
5. When NE1 receives the response packet, it adds a new timestamp Tm2. See
Figure 3-5 for the entire synchronization process.
6. The in-the-site equipment NE1 transmits the Follow_Up message to the in-the-
site equipment NE2, for notifying NE2 of the time Tm2.
Version: A/1 29
Figure 3-5 1588v2 Time Synchronization Principle Diagram
Users can calculate the delta-T (dt) and delay between NE1 and NE2 using the
following formulas:
u delta-T: dt=[(Ts1-t1)-(Tm2-t2)]/2
u Delay: Delay=[(Ts1-t1)+(Tm2-t2)]/2
Via the two key parameters, NE2 can synchronize with NE1.
Network Application
See Figure 3-6 for the time synchronization network scheme based on the MPLS-TP.
30 Version: A/1
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Figure 3-6 1588v2 Time Synchronization Network Diagram
3.3.3 Time Signal Synchronization Capability
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two time signal synchronization modes: in-band
(1588v2 interface) and out-of-band (1PPS&ToD interface). The performance
specifications are as follows:
u In-band (1588v2 interface) mode
4 Supports OC and BC. A port can be set to Master or Slave.
4 Supports compensation for asymmetric path delay (the compensation step

is no more than 10ns); supports the configurable message transmitting
interval and supports PTP parameter setting.
Version: A/1 31
u Out-of-band (1PPS&ToD) mode
4 ToD information: The default baud rate is 9600 without parity check. There
is one start bit (shown in low level) and one stop bit (shown in high level).
Idle frames are high level and contain eight data bits each. The ToD
information transmission occurs at 1ms after the rising edge of the 1 pps
and completes within 500ms, and the ToD information labels the rise time
of the current 1PPS. The transmitting frequency of the ToD protocol
message is once per second.
4 1PPS: The rising edge is used as the on-time edge. The rise time is less
than 50ns. The pulse width is about 180ms.
The time synchronization signals of the CiTRANS 650 U3 comply with the
standards listed in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3 Standards Applicable to the Time Synchronization Signal Design
Number Title
Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for
IEEE 1588-2008
Networked Measurement and Control Systems
3GPP TR 25.836 NodeB synchronization for TDD
3.4 Easy Maintenance
The following introduces functions of the OTU card of the CiTRANS 650 U3. The
OTU card has the wavelength tunability function, APR function, pluggable optical
modules and supports remote software upgrade function. The EMS can
automatically identify the card and the card can automatically store information
about card operation and card failures.
3.4.1 Remote Software Upgrade of Cards
Remote upgrading of the card software to a new version can be conducted via the
EMS computer, which is convenient for the project start-up, equipment maintenance
and system upgrading in the future.
32 Version: A/1
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3.4.2 Automatic Identification of Cards via the EMS
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the card bootstrap function. During the process of
equipment start-up or capacity expansion, the network management system can
automatically identify and monitor the newly installed cards inside the NE provided
that it can monitor the NE management card. In this case, the pre-configuration of
these cards via the network management system is not needed, which facilitates the
equipment start-up and capacity expansion.
3.4.3 Automatic Storage of Card Operation and Fault

Message
When faults occur on the equipment, the card can promptly store various data and
information concerning the failure for cause analysis. Users can obtain related data
and information of faults by querying Log in the network management system.
3.4.4 Automatic Discovery of NEs
The equipment management channel interoperability can be implemented when the

equipment is in the delivery configuration mode.
When the equipment is connected to the OTNM2000, NE information can be

automatically created and the network topology be plotted on the OTNM2000. In
this way, the connection of equipment to the OTNM2000 is simplified and
automated, and the user experience is improved.
3.4.5 Prompt of Power Failure
The prompt of power failure can be used to ascertain whether NE communication

interruption is caused by fiber break or equipment power failure. In this way, the
failure can be handled in a rapid and accurate way.
Version: A/1 33
During engineering maintenance, both the power-failure of equipment and fiber cut
of NE are displayed as NE communication interruption on the EMS. After the prompt
of power failure is enabled, engineers can ascertain the detailed fault of the NE by
checking whether a prompt alarm of power failure occurs on its neighboring NE. In
this way, engineers can handle the fault in the shortest time.
3.5 Feature of Energy Saving And Emission

Reduction
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following features of energy saving and
emission reduction.
Product Design
u Improves the chip design to lower the power consumption.
u Uses the high-efficient secondary power module.
u Uses fully SFP+-based 10G optical module.
u Enhances the card integration and reduces the single bit power consumption.
u The cross-connect card supports the automatic power saving function, which
disables the corresponding port if no cross-connect data occurs.
u The optical module can automatically disables the laser to maintain the low
power consumption when the fiber cut occurs or the service is not loaded.
Air Cooling Design
u The equipment provides two fan speed control modes: intelligent mode and
manual mode.
u Intelligent mode: The fan unit automatically adjusts the fan rotation speed
according to the change of the equipment temperature.
u Manual mode: The fan unit can work based on the rotational level set on the
OTNM2000, including full speed in manual mode, fast speed in manual mode,
slow speed in manual mode, and low speed in manual mode.
34 Version: A/1
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Packing Design
u Provides the required packing, and the size of the equipment and accessories
after being packed is no more than three times of that before packing.
u The product packing can be easily disassembly. All the packing materials can
be easily decomposed.
u The plugs and connectors can be found easily. The operations can be
implemented with common and simple tools.
u The stickers of the equipment such as the labels can be easily removed.
u The identifier information such as the silk screen is carved on the panel or
subrack.
3.6 Intelligent Fan Feature
The CiTRANS 650 U3 fan unit boasts the intelligent fan characteristics. After it is
configured to the intelligent fan mode, the rotation speed of the fan will change
according to the inner temperature of the equipment, so as to adjust the
temperature on a real time and guarantee that all cards are working under the
normal temperature.
u Fan intelligent control: Adjusts the fan rotation speed according to the subrack
temperature when the equipment management card is present. Adjusts the fan
rotation speed according to the ambient temperature when the equipment
management card is not present. In this way, the air cooling of the equipment
can be ensured and the requirements on low noise emission can be met.
u Manual full speed / fast speed / slow speed / stop mode: Rotates at the speed
configured manually.
Version: A/1 35
4 Product Structure
The following introduces the architecture of the CiTRANS 650 U3, and includes the
following contents.
Logical Structure
Hardware Structure
Software Architecture
36 Version: A/1
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4.1 Logical Structure
The CiTRANS 650 U3's functional modules include the service processing module,
NE management module, clock module, cooling module and power module, as
shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 Functional Module Diagram
Service Processing Module
The service processing module includes the client interface, line interface and
unified switching core.
The equipment is able to access multiple services via client side interfaces and line
side interfaces.
u Client side: 10GE, GE, FE, E1 and STM-1.
u Line side: 10GE, GE and STM-1.
Unified switching chip: Processes service signals accessed by the equipment.
NE Management Module
The control and management module implements communications between cards

via the internal bus of the system; supports transferring overhead information,
manages card information and enables the card bootstrap.
Version: A/1 37
This module provides various management interfaces and auxiliary interfaces,

including the Ethernet interface, network management interface, equipment
commissioning interface and alarm interface, etc.
Clock and Time Control Module
The clock and time control module supports physical-layer clock synchronization
and time synchronization complying with 1588v2 / IEEE 802.1as.
u Supports processing and transmitting synchronization clock status information.

The module receives external input clock sources through the external clock
interface. After selecting the optimal clock source and synchronizing the phase
lock for the optimal clock source, the module provides the system clock to other
modules. It also provides clock signal output.
u Supports time synchronization. The module receives time signals through the
external time interface. It provides synchronous time to system modules and
time signal output.
u Supports extracting and processing synchronization signals and

synchronization clock status information from the customer interface and line
interface, meeting synchronization requirements of carrier-class network
equipment.
Cooling Module
The cooling module cools and dissipates heat for the system. It consists of the fan
unit and intelligent fan control software. The functions are described as follows:
u Supports regional temperature detection and alarm within the subrack.
u Supports the fan rotational speeds at full speed, fast, slow and stopped.
u Supports manual configuration of the fan rotational speeds.
Power Module
The power module provides power supply for various modules of the system.
u Provides two channels of -48V power supplies in active / standby mode.
u Supports transient power interruption protection to prevent the system from

being damaged by lightning.
38 Version: A/1
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4.2 Hardware Structure
The hardware of the CiTRANS 650 U3 includes the cabinet for housing subracks,
and auxiliaries including Power Distribution Panels (PDPs), subracks, and cards.
4.2.1 Introduction to Cabinet
The CiTRANS 650 U3 can be installed in the 19-inch cabinet, the 21-inch cabinet
with front vertical mounting flanges or the 21-inch cabinet with rear vertical mounting
flanges. Table 4-1 describes the information of each type of cabinet.
Table 4-1 Cabinet Information
Type Code Dimensions (HWD) (mm) Weight (kg) Appearance
4102596 1600600600 94
4102597 2000600600 109
19-inch cabinet Figure 4-2
4102598 2200600600 117
4102599 2600600600 134
4102589 1600600300 51
21-inch cabinet
4102590 2000600300 61
with front vertical Figure 4-3
4102591 2200600300 71
mounting flanges
4102592 2600600300 76
4102661 1600600300 51
21-inch cabinet
4102662 2000600300 61
with rear vertical Figure 4-4
4102663 2200600300 71
mounting flanges
4102664 2600600300 76
Version: A/1 39
Figure 4-2 Appearance of the 19-inch Cabinet
40 Version: A/1
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Figure 4-3 Appearance of the 21-inch Cabinet with Front Vertical Mounting Flanges
Version: A/1 41
Figure 4-4 Appearance of the 21-inch Cabinet with Rear Vertical Mounting Flanges
42 Version: A/1
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4.2.2 Equipment Layout
The quantity of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subracks that can be installed in cabinets
varies with the cabinet dimensions. To guarantee the normal air cooling and wiring,
the installation of each part should follow the principles below.
u If the cabinet is not fully configured, arrange the subrack from the bottom up,
and reserve the upper space for future capacity expansion.
u For the CiTRANS 650 U3:
4 In a 19-inch cabinet: reserve a height of at least 2U (1U=44.45mm) above

and below the subrack respectively.
4 In a 21-inch cabinet: reserve a height of at least 100mm above and below

the subrack respectively.
4.2.3 PDP Used by the CiTRANS 650 U3
The following introduces the functions and appearance of the PDP (3000068) used
by the CiTRANS 650 U3.
4.2.3.1 Appearance
The appearance of the PDP (3000068) is shown in Figure 4-5.
Version: A/1 43
Figure 4-5 Appearance of the PDP (3000068)
4.2.3.2 Function
The PDP (3000068) mainly performs the functions of power supply distribution,
alarm signal processing, lightning protection, and reverse polarity connection
protection. It inducts external power and distributes it among other electrified
equipment inside the cabinet. Meanwhile, the PDP receives the alarm signals from
other equipment inside the cabinet, and then displays and outputs the alarm signals.
The major functions of the PDP are as follows:
u Power distribution: Inducts two channels of -48V power (one active and one
standby) from the external (e.g., the power cabinet) and provides three sets of
redundant branch power rails (six branch power rails total). The maximum
output current of a single channel of power is 32A.
Note:
Refer to PDP296B User Guide for the detailed introduction to the input
and output current of the PDP.
44 Version: A/1
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u Supports protection against reverse polarity connection.
u Supports alarm signal processing: Receives alarm signals reported from the
corresponding equipment via the three alarm convergence connectors,
provides audio alarms for the signals, illuminates the cabinet-top indicator
LEDs and outputs alarm signals to the upper layer equipment (such as the
head of row cabinet).
u Supports the lightning protection module alarm report: When the lightning
protection module fails, the PDP outputs the lightning protection failure signals,
and reports them to the network management system via the equipment.
u Lightning protection: Effectively blocks the 4kV (under the common mode) /
2kV (under the differential mode) inductive lightning strike (1.2/50us to 8/20us
combination wave) on the power cable.
4.2.4 CiTRANS 650 U3 Subrack
The following introduces the function, structure and technical specifications of the
CiTRANS 650 U3 subrack.
4.2.4.1 Function
The subrack is used to hold various types of cards to achieve communication and
data exchange between cards via the subrack backplane.
4.2.4.2 Structure
The appearance of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subrack is shown in Figure 4-6.
Version: A/1 45
(1) Fan unit area (2) Card area (3) Mounting ear
Figure 4-6 Subrack Appearance
Table 4-2 describes each part of the subrack.
Table 4-2 Description of the Subrack Structure
Number Name Description
Located at the left part of the subrack, used for holding

(1) Fan unit area
the fan unit
Used for containing the service card, the core switch
(2) Card area and cross-connect card, and the power card to
implement different functions of the equipment
(3) Mounting ear Used for securing the subrack in the cabinet
4.2.4.3 Slot Distribution
Figure 4-7 shows the slot distribution of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subrack.
46 Version: A/1
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Figure 4-7 Slot Distribution of the Subrack
Slots 1 to 10 are used for various types of service card, and the rest slots are only
used for specific cards. See Table 4-3 for the corresponding relationship between
the slots and cards.
Table 4-3 Corresponding Relationship between Cards and Subrack Slots
Slot Slot Type Applicable Card Type
Slot for core switch and

11, 12 SNCV1
cross-connect card
13, 14 Slot for power card Power card
All service cards, e.g. other cards except for the
01 to 10 Slot for service card
SNCV1 card and power card
Note:
It is recommended that the E1V1 and GSV4 cards be inserted in the slots
5, 6, 9 and 10 on the CiTRANS 650 U3.
4.2.5 Card Classification and Corresponding Slot
The cards of the CiTRANS 650 U3 can be classified as the tributary/line interface
card, power card, and core switch and cross-connect card according to functions;
see Table 4-4 for the card classification.
Version: A/1 47
Table 4-4 Card Classification and Corresponding Slot
Applicable Slot on the CiTRANS

Category Card Meaning
650 U3
XSV1 1-port 10GE interface card 1 to 10
10G service card
XSV2 2-ports 10GE interface card 1 to 10
8-ports GE/FE interface optical
MSV1 1 to 10
card
8-ports GE/FE interface electric
GSV4 1 to 10
card
GE/FE hybrid service card
8-ports GE Optical Interface
GSV3 1 to 10
Card
8-ports FE Optical Interface
ESV2 1 to 10
Card
STM-1 service card S1V1 4 STM-1 optical interface card 1 to 10
E1 service card E1V1 32 port E1 line card with CES 1 to 10

Core switch and cross-
connect card of the SNCV1 Control switch unit (U3) 11, 12
CiTRANS 650 U3
Power card PWR DC power card 13, 14
Fan unit FAN Fan unit 15
Note:
4.2.6 Positioning of Cards in the System
Figure 4-8 shows the positioning of CiTRANS 650 U3 cards in the system.
48 Version: A/1
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Figure 4-8 Positioning of Common Cards in the System
4.3 Software Architecture
The CiTRANS 650 U3 software includes communication protocol and interface, the
BMU software, the EMU software and the network management software.
Version: A/1 49
4.3.1 Overview
The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses a modularized software architecture. Its software

consists of the BMU, EMU, and OTNM2000, which respectively run on the
functional cards, the NE management card, and the network management host. The
components work with each other to perform configuration, management, and
monitoring for the equipment. The system software architecture is shown in
Figure 4-9.
Figure 4-9 System Software Architecture
4.3.2 Communication Protocol and Interface
The communication protocols and interfaces of the software modules are described
as follows:
u The OTNM2000 provides the Q and CORBA interfaces.
4 The OTNM2000 communicates with the EMU through the Q interface. The
Q interface runs the FiberHome proprietary communication protocol.
50 Version: A/1
4 Product Structure
4 The OTNM2000 communicates with the upper-level management system

through the CORBA interface.
u NEs (EMUs) communicate with each other over the ESC, which is a physical
channel. The applicable communication protocol is IP.
u The EMU communicates with the BMU over the LAN. The applicable
communication protocol is IP.
4.3.3 EMU Software
The EMU software uses an embedded real-time multi-task operating system. Based
on manager/agent model, the EMU software performs card management in an NE
via a unified Ethernet bus.
The functions of each module of the EMU software are described as follows:
u Management/Agent application module
The management / agent application module includes the manager (M) and
agent (A). At the NE layer, the NE management card may be designated as
agent (A) or manager/agent (M/A) (providing management functions).
4 M/A: Serves as an agent of objects of the local NE and manages objects of

other managed NEs. The management function mainly involves
maintaining remote objects.
4 A: Collects and processes performance, alarm / fault and status data of

each BMU in the local NE, and receives and responds to related
commands and operations related to the local NE issued by the manager.
The EML serves as a higher-level manager for managers at the NEL.
u Network communication protocol stack software
The network communication protocol stack software performs management

information exchange between the EMS and the NE and between various NEs.
u Real-time operating system
Uses an embedded real-time operating system to manage resources. The

operating system assists the execution of programs, schedules tasks, performs
storage management, manages peripheral devices, and implements
communication among processes.
Version: A/1 51
4.3.4 Network Management Software
The OTNM2000 is developed based on Windows 2000 Server and consists of the
data collection module, data processing module, graphical user interface (GUI)
module, and database. The software architecture is shown in Figure 4-10.
Figure 4-10 OTNM2000 Software Structure
The modules are described as follows:
u The data collection module collects the alarm and performance data of
managed objects. The data processing module analyzes and processes the
collected data and then stores the data in the database. The OTNM2000
supports SQL database and Informix database.
u The data processing module provides fault management, performance

management, configuration management, and security management for the
management module.
u The management module consists of two parts: configuration management and

monitoring management.
52 Version: A/1
4 Product Structure
4 The configuration management part performs logical configuration,

physical configuration, service configuration, and area configuration.
4 The monitoring management part is the core of the OTNM2000. It provides

switch connection configuration, alarm query, performance query, and fault
management.
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5 Service Application
The following introduces the types of services provided by the CiTRANS 650 U3
and the network application for each type of service. It covers the following topics:
Ethernet Service
CES Service
Coarse-grained Private Line Service
Base Station GE / FE Service Bearing
54 Version: A/1
5.1 Ethernet Service
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports multiple types of Ethernet services and provides an
impeccable L2VPN solution.
The VPN (Virtual Private Network) refers to the virtual private network provided for
clients via the public network by network operators. Constructing the private network
by utilizing the public network not only enables network operators to provide high-
performance and low-cost carrier-class network for users, but also provides a good
profiting mode for network operators themselves. But the traditional VPN has
obvious shortcomings in the following aspects: VPN expansibility, security,
management and maintenance, QoS and traffic engineering, so it cannot meet the
requirements of clients adequately.
To solve these problems, the L2VPN based on MPLS has emerged as the times
require. The L2VPN not only eliminates the shortcomings of traditional IP network,
frame relay and ATM network, but also has distinguished itself for following aspects:
security, real time, broad band, convenience and low construction cost. Therefore, it
can fully meet the requirements for VPN services of subscribers.
5.1.1 Service Type
The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides three types of the Ethernet service.
u Ethernet Private Line, i.e., E-Line service
u Ethernet Private LAN, i.e., E-LAN service
u Ethernet Private Tree, i.e., E-Tree service
5.1.2 Service Example
The following introduces the three types of Ethernet services provided by the
CiTRANS 650 U3 respectively via examples.
Example of E-Line Service
Figure 5-1 shows an example of the E-Line service provided by the CiTRANS 650
U3.
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Company X has two branches in cities A and C, company Y has two branches in
cities B and C, and company Z has two branches in cities A and B. The branches of
each of the three companies need to exchange data.
The CiTRANS 650 U3 can provide the private line service for three companies.
Service data of different companies are distinguished using different VPWS tags, so
that the requirements for communication and service data separation can be met at
the same time.
Figure 5-1 Example of E-Line Service
Example of E-LAN Service
Figure 5-2 shows an example of the E-LAN service provided by the CiTRANS 650
U3.
The headquarters of Company K is in city C. Company K has the branch 1 deployed

in cities A and B, and branch 2 deployed in cities A, B, and C. Branches 1 and 2 has
no business contact and need to be isolated from each other. The headquarters
needs to communicate with the branches and access the Internet.
56 Version: A/1
The CiTRANS 650 U3 is deployed to provide the E-LAN service for company K.
Service data of different branches are labeled with different VPLS tags. In this way,
data can be shared within a branch whereas data of different branches is isolated.
The Internet access data of the headquarters is isolated from the internal service
data through VPLS.
Figure 5-2 Example of E-LAN Service
Example of E-Tree Service
Figure 5-3 shows an example of the E-Tree service provided by the CiTRANS 650
U3. The E-Tree service is a type of multipoint-to-point bidirectional convergence
service.
In the example, a 3G network is constructed for a carrier and services of key clients
need to be aggregated and transmitted to the 3G core network. The FE/E1 services
of key clients are accessed on nodes 1, 3, 5, and 9. Multiple services between key
clients and the RNC are aggregated to the 3G core network through the E-Tree
service between the CiTRANS 650 U3 and the CiTRANS 660.
Version: A/1 57
Figure 5-3 Example of E-Tree Service
5.1.3 Application Scenario
The application scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U3 is shown in Figure 5-4. The
CiTRANS 650 U3 is generally used in the trunk convergence nodes in the packet
MAN, so as to realize the unified transmission and bearing for IP-based multiple
services.
58 Version: A/1
Figure 5-4 Application Scenario
Besides the above application, the CiTRANS 650 U3 also supports the LTE service
known as the next version of the mobile network.
Compared with the existing 2G / 3G networks, the LTE has following advantages:
u OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) improves the spectrum

utilization and minimizes the terminal cost.
u MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) improves link capacity and overcomes

multipath interference.
Version: A/1 59
u The network structure becomes flat with advantage of high throughput and low
latency.
See Figure 5-5 for the application of the CiTRANS 650 U3 in the LTE service. It still
acts as the trunk convergence node. The eNodeB not only provides the functions of
the original NodeB but also provides the most functions (includes the physical layer,
MAC layer, RRC, scheduling, access control, bearer control, access mobility
management and Inter-cellRRM ) of the original RNC (Radio Network Controller),
and the original backbone networks are merged and simplified into MME and SGW,
so that the structure of the LTE network is optimized and is more reliable.
Figure 5-5 Application in the LTE Service
60 Version: A/1
5.2 CES Service
With the CES (Circuit Emulation Service) technology, the CES circuit switched data
can be transparently transmitted in the packet transport network. The CiTRANS 650
U3 supports emulation transparent transmission of E1 service and STM-1 service.
5.2.1 Emulation Mode
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports CES in structured or non-structured emulation

mode.
In structured emulation mode:
u Can identify and process the frame structure and transmit signaling in CES
frames.
u Can identify frame structure of CES service. It may not transmit idle timeslot
channels, but only extracts useful timeslots of CE devices from the E1 traffic
stream and then encapsulates them into PW packets for transmission.
u Can identify and transmit CAS and CCS in E1 traffic streams.
In non-structured emulation mode:
u Segments all CES services as bit streams and encapsulates them for
transmission over a PW tunnel.
u Can transparently transmit CES traffic data and synchronous timing information.
SAToP completely disregards any structure, and PEs have no need to interpret
the CES data or to participate in the CES signaling.
u Is a simple way for transparent transmission of PDH bit-streams.
5.2.2 Service Clock
CES services have high requirements for clock synchronization. The CiTRANS 650
U3 provides multiple CES service clock synchronization solutions to ensure
transmission of the CES service clock. Below are multiple clock synchronization
solutions.
u System clock recovery
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u Differential clock recovery
u Adaptive clock recovery
The following describes working principles of these clock synchronization solutions.
System Clock Recovery
In system clock recovery, the Tx end that generates CES signals and the Rx end
that extracts CES signals use the same network reference clock as the
synchronization signal source. Figure 5-6 shows the work principle of system clock
recovery.
Figure 5-6 Implementation Principle Diagram of System Clock Recovery
Differential Clock Recovery
In differential clock recovery, the service Rx and Tx ends have the same public
timing reference signal. The Tx end packetizes the synchronization signal on the
service side and transmits the signal to the Rx end over the packet switched
network. The Rx end then recovers the synchronization signal based on the public
timing reference signal available on the Rx end. Figure 5-7 shows the working
principle of differential clock recovery.
62 Version: A/1
Figure 5-7 Implementation Principle Diagram of Differential Clock Recovery
Adaptive Clock Recovery
The adaptive clock recovery does not need the common reference clock. The
Timing packet sent from the Tx end contains the coded value of the service clock,
represented by Sequence number or Timestamp. The Rx end then recovers the
clock by using the recovery algorithm based on the sequence number or timestamp.
Figure 5-8 shows the working principle of adaptive clock recovery.
Figure 5-8 Implementation Principle Diagram of Adaptive Clock Recovery
Version: A/1 63
5.2.3 Application Scenario
The CiTRANS 650 U3 implements CES services using the PWE3 technology.
CES services are mainly applied in radio services and enterprise private line
services. The CiTRANS 650 U3 is connected to the 2G / 3G station or enterprise
private line through E1/channelized STM-1 line, and the equipment slices CES
signals and encapsulates them into the data packet, finally transmits the packet to
the opposite end via the MAN network through PW. See Figure 5-9.
Figure 5-9 Application Scenario of CES Service
5.3 Coarse-grained Private Line Service
The CiTRANS 650 U3 can guarantee rapid service start-up and provisioning, and
implements the following functions:
u Bears various types of coarse-grained private line services including GE, 10GE
LAN, 10GE WAN and STM-1.
u Bears fine-grained low-speed private line service such as FE and E1 as well to

implement the idea of bearing private line service of different granularity over
one network, so as to reduce the quantity of equipment and lower the
maintenance cost.
64 Version: A/1
u The equipment is compact, supports unified configuration GUI of any service,

and supports rapid service deployment.
u Works together with FiberHome large-scaled packet switching equipment to

form an end-to-end scheme so as to reduce the back-to-back design, which is
cost saving and highly reliable.
Figure 5-10 shows the application scenario of coarse-grained private line service of
the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 5-10 Application Scenario of Coarse-grained Private Line Service
5.4 Base Station GE / FE Service Bearing
As for base stations with FE / GE service, the FE and GE services can be accessed
to the CiTRANS 650 U3 directly.
Figure 5-11 shows the the scenario of bearing base station GE / FE service using
the mobile broadband of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Version: A/1 65
Figure 5-11 Application Scenario of Base Station GE/FE Service Bearing
66 Version: A/1
6 Protection Implementation
As telecommunication services develop and transport networks become

increasingly large in scale, network stability, security, and reliability become the
concern in the construction and operation of transport networks. These elements
also become the hot spots in competition among carriers. The CiTRANS 650 U3
provides abundant protection functions to ensure normal service operation.
The following introduces the protection mechanisms of the CiTRANS 650 U3 and
includes these contents:
Equipment-Level Protection
Network-level Protection
Network Management Information Protection
Version: A/1 67
6.1 Equipment-Level Protection
The following introduces the equipment-level protection function of the CiTRANS

650 U3.
6.1.1 1+1 Protection for the Core Switch and Cross-connect

Card
Introduction
The core switch and cross-connect card of the CiTRANS 650 U3 is used to process
and output clock and execute the protection switching.
Function Implementation
When the CiTRANS 650 U3 are installed with two core switch and cross-connect
cards (one active and one standby), only the active card works under normal
conditions. When the active card is faulty, the standby card is notified of this event
through the monitoring channel between them. Then the standby card becomes
active to ensure normal operation of the equipment.
After the original active card resumes, it enters the standby state, forming 1+1
protection again.
Switching Trigger Conditions
u The hardware or software of the active card is faulty.
u The switching command is delivered manually.
u The active card is unplugged manually.
u The active card is hard reset.
Protection Parameter
See Table 6-1 for the 1+1 protection parameters of the core switch and cross-
connect card.
68 Version: A/1
Table 6-1 1+1 Protection Parameters of the Core Switch and Cross-connect Card
Parameter Description
Card slot CiTRANS 650 U3: SNCV1 11, 12

Revert type Non-revertive
6.1.2 1+1 Protection for the Power Card
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two channels of power input in hot standby mode.
The equipment is supplied with power normally when either power input fails to
ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
6.1.3 TPS 1:1 Protection for the E1 Card
Introduction
The E1 card of the CiTRANS 650 U3 supports one 1:1 protection group with
dedicated protection slot. Table 6-2 describes the corresponding relationship of the
TPS 1:1 protection.
Table 6-2 Relationship of E1 Card Protection Slot
Equipment Slot for Working Card Slot for Protection Card Slot for Terminal Board
(Active) (Standby)
CiTRANS 650 U3 9 8 10
When the active card fails, services on the active card will be switched to the
standby card, so as to guarantee the normal transmission of services.
u The protected working card is faulty.
u The switching command is delivered manually to the protected working card.
u The protected working card is unplugged manually.
u The protected working card is reset.
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6.2 Network-level Protection
The following introduces the network-level protection function of the CiTRANS 650
U3.
6.2.1 LSP 1:1 Protection
Introduction
In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services
transferred via the working path. When the working path fails, the services switch to
the protection path. The service protected by the LSP 1:1 protection is single-fed
and single-received.
In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services
transferred via the working path. The services are single-fed and single-received.
Normally the service is transmitted via the working path except when the working
path is faulty. The service will be switched to the protection path, so as to guarantee
the normal service transmission.
The APS protocol for the LSP 1:1 protection transmits the information about
protocol status and switching status through the protection path. The equipment at
both ends performs service switching according to protocol status and switching
status.
See Figure 6-1 for the LSP 1:1 protection.
70 Version: A/1
Figure 6-1 LSP 1:1 Protection Diagram
Note:
u The protection needs to be configured only in Node A and Node B,

regardless of the path that the services pass.
u When the working path is normal, the protection path can transfer
additional service. When the working path fails and the service on
the working path is switched to the protection path, the additional
service will be interrupted. After the working path resumes to normal
status, the additional service will restore as well.
u An intermediate node is disconnected with the power.
u The working LSP path is faulty.
u The switching command is manually delivered.
Table 6-3 describes the parameters for the LSP 1:1 protection.
Version: A/1 71
Table 6-3 LSP 1:1 Protection Parameters
Switching type LSP 1:1 protection
Revert type Revertive or non-revertive

Switchover protocol APS protocol
Switching time (ms) 50

Hold-off time (ms) 0 to 2550
6.2.2 PW APS Protection
Introduction
PW APS protection includes PW redundancy protection and PW 1:1 protection,

which are used in the scenario of same source and different sinks and the scenario
of same source and same sink respectively. In both scenarios, when the working
PW is faulty, the service will be switched to the protection PW which has been
created beforehand, so as to protect the service.
Normally the service is single-fed and single-received, that is, the source end single-
feeds the service to the working PW, and the sink end single-receives the service
from the working PW. When the working PW is faulty, the remote end will transmit
the service to the protection PW, and the sink end receives service via the
protection PW, so as to implement the service switching from the working PW to the
protection PW.
The PW APS protection uses APS protocol to coordinate the source and sink ends
to implement the protection switching, switching hold-off and WTR functions. The
APS protocol transmits protocol status and switching status via the protection PW.
The equipment at both ends selects service path and performs service switching
according to protocol statuses and switching statuses.
See Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 for the PW APS protection.
72 Version: A/1
Figure 6-2 PW 1:1 Protection Diagram
Figure 6-3 PW Redundancy Protection
u The working PW path is faulty.
u The switching command is manually delivered.
Table 6-4 describes the parameters of the PW APS protection.
Table 6-4 PW APS Protection Parameters
Switching type PW APS protection
Revert type Revertive or non-revertive

Switchover protocol APS protocol
Switching time (ms) 50

Hold-off time (ms) 0 to 2550
WRT (min) 1 to 12 (the default value is 5)
Version: A/1 73
6.2.3 Ethernet LAG Protection
Introduction
Link Aggregation (LAG) refers to the kind of protection mode that binds a group of
physical Ethernet interfaces with the same rate together, so as to form a logical
interface to enhance bandwidth and provide link protection. The CiTRANS 650 U3
supports LAG protection of the Ethernet interface on the UNI side.
LAG protection implements the following functions:
u Enhances the link availability: In the LAG, the members provide dynamic
backup for each other. When any of the ports fails, the other ports will take over
its work immediately. The process that a LAG starts the backup occurs only
inside the LAG, irrelevant with the ports outside the group.
u Increases the link capacity: An LAG can provide an economical method of

enhancing the links transmission rate for the users. Via bundling multiple
physical ports, users can obtain the data link with larger bandwidth without
upgrading their current equipment. The capacity of this link is the sum of the
capacity of all these physical links.
Protection Principle
The Ethernet LAG protection allows the share of load among the ports; the ports of
a LAG are not divided into active and standby ports. When any of the ports fails, the
service message will be delivered to other ports for transmission.
See Figure 6-4 for the Ethernet LAG protection supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 6-4 LAG Protection Principle
74 Version: A/1
The LAG group member port is faulty.
Table 6-5 describes the parameters for the Ethernet LAG protection.
Table 6-5 Ethernet LAG Protection Parameters
Based on source MAC, based on destination MAC, based on

Aggregation mode
both the source and destination MAC
Revert type Revertive
6.3 Network Management Information Protection

Introduction
On the transport network, network management information is transmitted over the

supervisory channel. Usually the supervisory channel and the main channel are the
same physical channel. When the main channel fails, the supervisory channel also
fails. Therefore, a protection channel must be provided for transmitting network
management information.
On a ring network, when a transmission segment such as the optical fiber fails,
network management information is automatically transmitted over the supervisory
channel in the other direction. This does not affect network management. Figure 6-5
shows the automatic backup of network management information channels in a ring
network.
Version: A/1 75
Figure 6-5 Backing up Network Management Information Channel of Ring Network

(Transmission of a Section Fails)
If both ends of a site on an optical fiber segment fail, or an optical fiber segment in a
point-to-point network or chain network fails, the supervisory channels for network
management information also fail. The network administrator cannot obtain
information about failed sites or operate these sites. To avoid such problems, a
protection channel must be deployed for network management information.
76 Version: A/1
The CiTRANS 650 U3 can provide a protection channel for network management
information through the data communication network. Between two NEs to be
protected, a unified switching equipment is configured and connected to the data
communication network to establish a protection channel. When the network runs
properly, network management information is transmitted over the main channel.
See Figure 6-6.
Figure 6-6 Backing up Network Management Information Channel (Normal)
When the main channel becomes faulty, the NE automatically switches over the
network management information to the protection channel. This ensures that the
network management system monitors the entire network. The switchover process
is completed automatically without manual intervention. Figure 6-7 shows backup of
network management channels.
Version: A/1 77
Figure 6-7 Backing up Network Management Information Channel (Active Channel Fails)
Note:
In the network planning, the protection management channel and the

working channel should use different routes, so as to implement the
backup function.
78 Version: A/1
7 Security Management
Security management involves authenticating operators that access the network

management system to prevent unauthorized operators from accessing network
resources and the equipment. The following introduces the security management of
the network management system of the CiTRANS 650 U3 and includes the
following contents:
Access Control
User Level and Permission Management
Data Security
Log Management
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7.1 Access Control
Access control involves user registration and login management, management area
division, access time restriction, and remote access management. Access control
aims to prevent unauthorized users from accessing network resources, including
the OTNM2000.
u To log in to the OTNM2000, an operator must enter the user name and
password. After the system confirms the user name and password, the
operator can finally log in to the system. The purpose is to check whether the
operator is a legal user and has corresponding authority, so as to guarantee
that only the authorized operators can access the management system.
u The managed devices are distributed in different areas, and operators are
granted permission based on management area and management function.
Only the authorized operators can access the specified area and can play the
management role only in the authorized area. Areas can be added and
modified as required.
u The access time of users can be set as required. For example, operators are
allowed to log in to the OTNM2000 at specified time periods.
u The OTNM2000 supports user management, including adding, modifying, and

deleting users. New users can be registered, and existing users can be
modified or deleted.
7.2 User Level and Permission Management
To prevent unauthorized operations, the OTNM2000 assigns different operation

permission to users of different levels. There are four levels of users. Users of
different levels have different management permission. Each user is assigned
proper management permission. A user of a higher level has all authorities of a user
of a lower level.
80 Version: A/1
7 Security Management
Advanced User
The system administrator is an advanced user and has permission to configure and
modify network resources. The system administrator manages the OTNM2000, and
can perform security management operations including controlling the network,
setting passwords for users, adding, modifying or deleting users, and performing log
management.
u Add, modify (user name and password), and delete lower-level users, and save
project configuration data.
u View and delete logs.
u Deletes alarm records.
u Grant the management scope of a user.
u Delete historical performance records.
Intermediate User
Intermediate users are system maintenance users responsible for system routine
maintenance. They can add or delete users of a lower level and can access and
back up data in the management information library. Intermediate users are entitled
to access the cross-connection screen.
u Maintain the OTNM2000, perform cross-connect configuration for the

equipment, and deliver commands from the OTNM2000 to the equipment.
u Access and back up data in the database, including alarms, performance data,
log reports, and documents of lower-level users.
u Set alarm filter, performance shielding, and performance threshold.
u Control the cross-connect connection.
Operational User
Operational user is system operation user. They can only monitor the alarm status
of the system, observe and view performance monitoring results. Operational user
can monitor various detection results, including viewing card configuration data and
active configuration data.
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Limited User
Limited user can monitor the alarm status of the system, observe and browse
performance monitoring results, and view reports. Limited user can only read data
and cannot access sensitive configuration data.
u Monitor alarms, performance, and status of the system, observe and browse
performance results. Handle alarms, such as alarm confirmation.
u Read and browse data rather than perform any operations on the OTNM2000.
7.3 Data Security
The security mechanism enables the OTNM2000 to ensure the data security, data
integrity and confidentiality and implement database security management.
u Data integrity: Data is transmitted to the destination without corruption or loss.

Data at a specific time can be backed up completely and used for data
restoration when necessary.
u Data confidentiality: Data is protected and unauthorized users can not obtain
the data.
u Database security management: Data or files in the database can be backed

up to peripheral storage devices to ensure security of the OTNM2000.
7.4 Log Management
Logs are operation records. After a security event occurs, logs can be used to trace
and inspect the event to find out the cause of the system security breach.
Logs automatically record login activities and key operations of users. Log
management supports the following functions:
u Records operator identities, login time, login location, operation type and
operation result.
u Reads, queries, backs up and deletes operation logs.
82 Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
The following introduces various technical specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
System Performance Specifications
Subrack Specifications
Card Specifications
Applicable Standard
Environmental Requirement
Version: A/1 83
8.1 System Performance Specifications
Table 8-1 lists the system performance specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Table 8-1 System Performance Specifications
Item Specification of CiTRANS 650 U3
MAC address 32K

Bi-directional LSP 1K
Bi-directional PW 1K
VPWS 1K
VPLS 256
VLAN 4K
Jumbo frame 9600 bytes
Slot for cross-connect card: 2 (1+1 protection mode)

Slot distribution Slot for service card: 10
Slot for power card: 2 (1+1 protection mode)
Packet cross-connect capacity 100/160 Gbps
Equipment-level protection: 1+1 protection for the core switch

and cross-connect card, 1+1 protection for the power card,
Protection mode TPS 1:1 protection for the E1 card
Network-level protection: LSP 1:1 protection, PW APS

protection, Ethernet LAG protection
Service E1 to 10G full rates, including E1, STM-1, FE, GE, 10GE
8.2 Subrack Specifications
See Table 8-2 for the subrack specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Table 8-2 Subrack Specifications
Subrack Code Dimensions (HWD) (mm) Weight (kg) Power Consumption (W)
CiTRANS 650 U3 153.2480225 6 800
8.3 Card Specifications
The following introduces the specifications, mechanical parameters and power

consumption of the cards of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
84 Version: A/1
8.3.1 Dimensions, Weight, Power Consumption and Slot of

Cards
Table 8-3 describes the dimensions, weight, power consumption and slot of the
cards of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Table 8-3 Card Specifications
Dimensions (HWD) Power Applicable Slot on the

Card Name Weight (kg)
(mm) Consumption (W) CiTRANS 650 U3
PWR (CiTRANS
20.295.5209 0.332 5 13, 14
650 U3)
FAN (CiTRANS 650

41.6145.8217 1.114 150 15
U3)
SNCV1 20.2288.5205.8 1.134 90 11, 12

XSV1 20.2192205.8 0.445 18 1 to 10
XSV2 20.2192205.8 0.465 20 1 to 10
MSV1 20.2192205.8 0.794 21 1 to 10
GSV3 20.2192205.8 0.794 25.2 1 to 10
ESV2 20.2192205.8 0.794 25.2 1 to 10
GSV4 20.2192205.8 0.780 21 1 to 10

E1V1 20.2192205.8 0.435 15 1 to 10
S1V1 20.2192205.8 0.536 20 1 to 10
Note:
8.3.2 Specifications of the XSV1 / XSV2 Card
Table 8-4 describes the interface specifications of the XSV1 / XSV2 card.
Version: A/1 85
Table 8-4 XGE Interface Specifications
Item Specification
10GBASE-LR/W 10GBASE-ER/W 10GBASE-ZR/W

Optical interface type
(10km) (40km) (80km)
Transmission distance (km) 10 40 80

Transmitting optical power
-6 to -1 -4.7 to 4 0 to 4
(dBm)
Central wavelength (nm) 1290 to 1330 1530 to 1565 1530 to 1565

Minimum overload power
-1 -1 -7
(dBm)
Maximum receiving
-14 -15.8 -24
sensitivity (dBm)
Extinction ratio range (dB) >4 >3 >9
8.3.3 Specifications of the MSV1/GSV3/ESV2 Card
Table 8-5 and Table 8-6 describe the interface specifications of the MSV1/GSV3/
ESV2 interface.
Table 8-5 Specifications of GE Optical Interface
Item Specification
1000BAS- 1000BAS- 1000BAS- 1000BASE- 1000BAS-

E-SX E-LX E-VX ZX1 E-EX
Source type MLM MLM SLM SLM SLM
Target distance 550m 10km 40km 80km 40km
Mean launched power
-9.5 to 4 -8 to -3 -2 to 3 -2 to 3 -5 to 0
(dBm)
Central wavelength 1275 to 1275 to 1500 to 1275 to

770 to 860
(nm) 1350 1350 1580 1350
Overload optical power
0 -3 -3 -3 -3
(dBm)
Receiving sensitivity
-17 -20 -23 -25 -23
(dBm)
Minimum extinction
9 9 9 9 9
ratio (dB)
86 Version: A/1
Table 8-6 Specifications of FE Optical Interface
Item Specification
100BAS- 100BAS- 100BAS- 100BAS- 100BAS- 100BAS-

E-FX E-FX E-FX E-LX E-EX E-ZX
Target distance (km) 15 40 80 15 40 80
Source type SLM SLM SLM MLM MLM SLM
Mean launched
-14 to -8 -4 to 0 -4 to 0 -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0
power (dBm)
Central wavelength 1265 to 1265 to 1480 to 1265 to 1265 to 1480 to

(nm) 1360 1360 1580 1360 1360 1580
Overload optical
-8 -10 -10 -8 -10 -10
power (dBm)
Receiving sensitivity
-31 -37 -37 -28 -34 -34
(dBm)
Minimum extinction
8.5 10.5 10.5 8.2 10 10
ratio (dB)
8.3.4 Specifications of the GSV4 Card
Table 8-7 describes the interface specifications of the GSV4 card.
Table 8-7 Electrical Interface Specifications of the GSV4 Card
Item Specification
Module Type 10/100/1000Base-T

Interface Type RJ-45
Interface rate 10/100/1000Mbit/s auto negotiation
Transmission media CAT-5 twisted pair
Standard compliance IEEE Std 802.3TM-2002

Transmission distance 100m
Working temperature range 0 to 70
8.3.5 Specifications of the E1V1 Card
Table 8-8 describes the interface specifications of the E1V1 card.
Version: A/1 87
Table 8-8 E1 Interface Specifications
Item Specification
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 2048

Bit rate accuracy 50 ppm (102.4 bit/s)
Code HDB3
All marks of a valid signal conform to the mask in
Pulse shape (nominal rectangle)
ITU-T Rec. G.703 irrespective of the sign.
Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair One symmetrical pair
Test load impedance () 75 120

Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse)
2.37 3
(V)
Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) (V) 00.237 00.3

Nominal pulse width (ns) 244
Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and
negative pulses at the center of a pulse 0.95 to 1.05
interval
Ratio of the widths of positive and
negative pulses at the nominal half 0.95 to 1.05
amplitude
Jitter at input and output interfaces ITU-T Rec. G.823 compliant
Allowed input attenuation 0 to 6 dB (1024 kHz)
8.3.6 Specifications of the S1V1 Card
Table 8-9 describes the interface specifications of the S1V1 card.
Table 8-9 STM-1 Interface Specifications
Item Unit Specification
Nominal bit rate kbit/s 155520

Application code - S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2
Operating wavelength range nm 1265 to 1360 1265 to 1360 1480 to 1580
Target distance km 15 40 80
Maximum RMS width (s) nm 7.7 3 -
Transmitter at
Maximum -20dB spectral width nm - - 1
reference point
Minimum side mode
S dB - - 30
suppression ratio
88 Version: A/1
Table 8-9 STM-1 Interface Specifications (Continued)
Item Unit Specification
Maximum mean launched power dBm -8 0 0

Minimum mean launched power dBm -14 -4 -4
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.5 10.5 10.5
Optical path Attenuation range dB 0 to 12 10 to 28 10 to 28
between S and
Maximum dispersion ps/nm 96 246 NA
R
Minimum sensitivity (BER10-12) dBm -31 -37 -37
Receiver at Minimum overload (BER 10-12) dBm -8 -10 -10

reference point Maximum optical path penalty dB 1 1 1
R
Maximum reflectance of
dB NA NA -25
receiver, measured at R
Note 1: Minimum sensibility refers to the sensibility of the receiver when its service life ends. Therefore, the sensibility
of the receiver must be 3 dB higher than the minimum sensibility.
Note 2: NA means no requirement.
8.4 Applicable Standard
The following introduces the standards that the CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with.
8.4.1 International Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the international standards listed in Table 8-10.
Table 8-10 International Standards
Service Related
Description
Standard
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
IEEE 802.3-2012
access method and physical layer specifications
IEEE 802.1Q Virtual bridged local area networks
IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity fault management
IEEE 1588V2 PTP

IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet in the First Mile
Joint Working Team (JWT) Report on MPLS Architectural
RFC 5317
Considerations for a Transport Profile
RFC 5586 MPLS Generic Associated Channel
Version: A/1 89
Table 8-10 International Standards (Continued)
Service Related
Description
Standard
RFC 5654 Requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile
RFC 5659 An Architecture for Multi-Segment PWE3
RFC 5718 An In-Band DCN For the MPLS Transport Profile
Requirements for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance

RFC 5860
(OAM) in MPLS Transport Networks
RFC 4664 Framework for layer 2 virtual private networks (L2VPNs)
Requirements for OAM functions in Ethernet based networks and

ITU-T G.1730
Ethernet services
ITU-T G.1731 OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based networks
ITU-T G.8112 Interfaces for the transport MPLS (MPLS-TP) hierarchy
ITU-T G.8113.1 OAM for MPLS-TP

ITU-T Y.1711 Operation & Maintenance mechanism for MPLS networks
ITU-T Y.1720 Protection switching for MPLS networks
ITU-T Y.1561 Performance and availability parameters for MPLS networks
ITU-T G.8110 MPLS layer network architecture
ITU-T G.8110.1 Application of MPLS in the transport network
ITU-T G.8121 Characteristics of transport MPLS equipment functional blocks
ITU-T Y.1710 Requirements for OAM functionality for MPLS networks
RFC 2702 Requirements for traffic engineering over MPLS
Resource Reservation protocol (RSVP)-version 1 functional

RFC 2205
specification
RFC 3031 MPLS architecture

RFC 3032 MPLS label stack encoding
RFC 3036 LDP specification
RFC 3037 LDP applicability
RFC 3209 Extensions to RSVP for LSP tunnels

RFC 3210 Applicability statement for extensions to RSVP for LSP tunnels
RFC 3215 LDP state machine

Time to live (TTL) processing in multi-protocol label switching
RFC 3443
(MPLS) networks
Signalling unnumbered links in resource Reservation protocol - traffic

RFC 3477
engineering (RSVP-TE)
RFC 3478 Graceful restart mechanism for label distribution protocol
90 Version: A/1
Service Related
Description
Standard
Applicability statement for restart mechanisms for the label
RFC 3612
distribution protocol (LDP)
Definitions of managed objects for the multiprotocol label switching

RFC 3815
(MPLS), label distribution protocol (LDP)
RFC 3936 Procedures for modifying the resource reservation protocol (RSVP)
RFC 4090 Fast reroute extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP tunnels

RFC 4182 Removing a restriction on the use of MPLS explicit NULL
RFC 4201 Link bundling in MPLS traffic engineering (TE)
RFC 3609 Tracing requirements for generic tunnels
Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation

RFC 5086
Service over Packet Switched Network
RFC 3916 Requirements for pseudo-wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)
RFC 3985 Pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) architecture
Requirements for edge-to-edge emulation of time division

RFC 4197
multiplexed (TDM) circuits over packet switching networks
Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) control word for use

RFC 4385
over an MPLS PSN
RFC 4446 IANA allocations for pseudowire edge to edge emulation (PWE3)
Pseudowire setup and maintenance using the label distribution

RFC 4447
Protocol (LDP)
Encapsulation methods for transport of Ethernet over MPLS

RFC 4448
networks
Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) frame check sequence
RFC 4720
retention
Structure-agnostic time division multiplexing (TDM) over packet
RFC 4553
(SAToP)
Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation

RFC 5086
Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN)
Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A

RFC 5085
Control Channel for Pseudowires
draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw- An architecture for multi-segment pseudo wire emulation edge-to-
arch-02 edge
Considerations for internet group management protocol (IGMP) and

RFC 4541
multicast listener discovery (MLD) snooping switches
An architectural framework for support of quality of service (QoS) in

ITU-T Y.1291
packet networks
Version: A/1 91
Service Related
Description
Standard
Management information base for the differentiated services
RFC 3289
architecture
RFC 3644 Policy quality of service (QoS) Information model
Information model for describing network device QoS datapath

RFC 3670
mechanisms
RFC 2212 Specification of guaranteed quality of service
Definition of the differentiated services field (DS Field) in the IPv4

RFC 2474
and IPv6 headers
RFC 2475 An architecture for differentiated services
RFC 2597 Assured forwarding PHB group
RFC 2697 A single rate three color marker
RFC 2698 A two rate three color marker

RFC 3140 Per hop behavior identification codes
RFC 3246 An expedited forwarding PHB (Per-hop behavior)
Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) support of differentiated

RFC 3270
services
Requirements for support of differentiated services-aware MPLS
RFC 3564
traffic engineering
Protocol extensions for support of diffserv-aware MPLS traffic

RFC 4124
engineering
Maximum allocation bandwidth constraints model for diffserv-aware

RFC 4125
MPLS traffic engineering
Russian dolls bandwidth constraints model for diffserv-aware MPLS

RFC 4127
traffic engineering
Bandwidth constraints models for differentiated services (Diffserv)-

RFC 4128
aware MPLS traffic engineering
Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Asynchronous Transfer

RFC4717
Mode (ATM) over MPLS Networks
Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Asynchronous

RFC4816
Transfer Mode (ATM) Transparent Cell Transport Service
RFC2684 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission

ITU-T G.773
systems
Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the

ITU-T G.957
synchronous digital hierarchy
92 Version: A/1
Service Related
Description
Standard
G.652 (2000) Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable
Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and

ITU-T G.653 (2000)
cable
Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical
ITU-T G.655 (2000)
fibre and cable
Definitions and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of
ITU-T G.661 (2001)
optical amplifier devices and subsystems
ITU-T G.662 (1998) Generic characteristics of optical amplifier devices and subsystems
Application-related aspects of optical amplifier devices and

ITU-T G.663 (1998)
subsystems
ITU-T G.671 (2000) Transmission characteristics of passive optical components
ITU-T G.692 (1999) Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers
ITU-T G.693 (2002) Optical interfaces for intra-office systems
ITU-T G.959.1 Optical transport network physical layer interfaces
ITU-T G.hao Hitless adjustment of ODUflex (GFP)
ITU-T G.805 Generic functional architecture of transport networks
ITU-T G.7041 Generic framing procedure
ITU-T G.8264 Distribution of timing information through packet networks
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

IEEE 802.3-2005
Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
8.4.2 Safety Standards of Laser
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the laser safety standards listed in Table 8-11.
Table 8-11 Safety Standards of Laser
Standard Description
Safety of laser products-Part1: Equipment classification,

IEC60825-1
requirements and user's guide
Safety of laser products-Part2: Safety of optical fiber

IEC60825-2
communication systems
Version: A/1 93
8.4.3 Relevant Safety Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the safety standards listed in Table 8-12.
Table 8-12 Relevant Safety Standards
IEC 60215 Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment
Safety of Information Technology Equipment. Including Electrical

EN 60950-1
Business Equipment
Safety of Information Technology Equipment. Including Electrical

IEC 60950-1
Business Equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical

60950-1 Business Equipment
3:rd edition Safety of Information Technology Equipment

UL 60950-1
Including Electrical Business Equipment
IEC Publication 479-1 Guide on the effects of current passing through the human body
IS 8437 {1993} Guide on the effects of current passing through the human body
Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

IS 13252 {1993}
business equipment
8.4.4 Relevant EMC Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the EMC standards listed in Table 8-13.
Table 8-13 Relevant EMC Standards
Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance

EN 55022
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits
EN 55024
and methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limits for harmonic current
IEC 61000-3-2
emissions (equipment input current 16 A per phase)
Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of voltage

changes, voltage fluctuation and flicker in public low voltage supply
IEC 61000-3-3
systems, for equipment with rated current 16A per phase and not
subject to conditional connection
Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge

IEC 61000-4-2
immunity test
94 Version: A/1
Table 8-13 Relevant EMC Standards (Continued)
Testing and measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency,

IEC 61000-4-3
electromagnetic field immunity test
Testing and measurement techniques-Electrical fast transient/burst

IEC 61000-4-4
immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5 Testing and measurement techniques-Surge immunity test
Testing and measurement techniques-Immunity to conducted

IEC 61000-4-6
disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
Electromagnetic compatibility-Testing and measurement

EN 61000-4-8
techniques-Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility-Testing and measurement

IEC 61000-4-11 techniques-Voltage dips, short interruption and voltage variations
immunity tests
Testing and measurement techniques-Voltage dips, short

IEC 61000-4-29
interruptions
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);

ETSI EN 300 386 Telecommunication network equipment; Electro Magnetic
Compatibility (EMC) requirements
Elecromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);

Additional ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) telecommunications
ETSI EN 201468
equipment for enhanced availability of service in specific
applications
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);

ETSI EN 300127 Radiated emission testing of physically large telecommunication
systems
Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications

ETSI EN 300-132-2
equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc)
Electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety - generic criteria

GR 1089 CORE
for network telecommunications equipment
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in installed in

ITU T K.20
a telecommunications centre
8.4.5 Relevant Environment Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the environment standards listed in Table 8-14.
Version: A/1 95
Table 8-14 Relevant Environment Standards
Environmental Engineering (EE)

Environmental conditions and environmental tests for
telecommunications equipment
Part 1-1: Classification of environmental conditions: Storage
ETSIEN300019-1-1
Class 1.1: Weather protected, partly temperature-controlled
storage locations
Class 1.2: Weather protected, not temperature-controlled
storage locations

ETSIEN300019-1-2 Part 1-2: Classification of environmental conditions:
Transportation
Class 2.1: Very careful transportation
Class 2.2: Careful transportation

ETSIEN300019-1-3 Part 1-3: Classification of environmental conditions:
Stationary use at weather protected locations
Class 3.1: Temperature-controlled locations
Class 3.2: Partly temperature-controlled location
IEC60068-2 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures
Environmental conditions appearing in nature-Earthquake

IEC60721-2-6
vibration
Classification of environmental conditions-Part 3:
IEC60721-3-1 Classification of groups of environmental parameters and
their severities-Section 1: Storage
Classification of environmental conditions-Part 3:

Classification of groups of environmental parameters and
IEC60721-3-3
their severities-Section 3: Stationary use at weather
protected locations
Equipment Engineering (EE)

ETSIEN300753
Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment
Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:

NEBSGR-63-CORE
Physical Protection
Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substance in

ROHS
electrical and electronic equipment.
96 Version: A/1
8.4.6 Grounding Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the grounding standards listed in Table 8-15.
Table 8-15 Grounding Standards
Earthing and bonding of telecommunication equipment in

ETS300253
telecommunication centres
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety-Generic
GR1089CORE
Criteria for Network Telecommunications Equipment
8.4.7 Noise Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the noise standards listed in Table 8-16.
Table 8-16 Noise Standards
ETSIEN300753 Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment
NEBSGR63-CORE NEBS Physical Protection
8.4.8 Fire Prevention Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the fire prevention standards listed in
Table 8-17.
Table 8-17 Fire Prevention Standards
EN60950-1(Europe) Safety of information technology equipment
ANSI/UL60950 Safety of information technology equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2No.950-95(NorthAmerica) Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment
IEC60950(International) Safety of information technology equipment
73/23/EEC(Europe) Low Voltage Directive
Version: A/1 97
8.4.9 Relevant Packaging Standards
The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the packaging standards listed in Table 8-18.
Table 8-18 Relevant Packaging Standards
ISO 780:1997 Packaging-pictorial marking for handling of goods
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads

ISO 2234:2000
- Stacking tests using a static load
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads

ISO 2247:2000
- Vibration tests at fixed low frequency
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - Vertical

ISO 2248:1985
impact test by dropping
ISO 3394:1984 Dimensions of rigid rectangular packages - Transport packages
ISO 3676:1983 Packaging - Unit load sizes - Dimension
Complete, filled transport packages - Distribution trials -

ISO 4178:1980
Information to be recorded
Complete, filled transport packages - General rules for the
ISO 4180:1980
compilation of performance test schedules
Environment conditions and environmental test for

ETSI EN 300 019-2-3 v2.1.2
Non-Simulation Integrity Performance Test:

ISTA 1A
Procedure Packaged-Products 150 lb (68 kg) or Less
Partial-Simulation Performance Test:

ISTA 2A
Procedure Packaged-Products 150 lb (68 kg) or Less
General Simulation Performance Test:

ISTA 3A Procedure Packaged-Products for Parcel Delivery System
Shipment 70 kg (150 lb) or Less
8.5 Environmental Requirement
The following introduces the operating, storage and transport environment

requirements of the equipment.
98 Version: A/1
8.5.1 Operating Environment
Climate
Table 8-19 and Table 8-20 describe the requirements on climate when the
equipment is operating.
Table 8-19 Requirements on Equipment Operating Humidity and Temperature
Temperature Relative Humidity
Long-term operating temperature: -5C to 50

Long-term operating humidity: 5 to 85
C
Short-term operating temperature: -10C to
Short-term operating humidity: 5 to 90%
55C
Note:
u If the equipment is installed inside the cabinet, the influence of

radiation can be ignored.
u If the equipment is installed outdoors, the influence of radiation

should be considered, and the equipment should be protected.
u The temperature and humidity of the product should be measured at

the positions 1.5m above the floor and 0.4m away from the front of
the cabinet in case that the cabinet is not surrounded by protection
boards.
u Short-term indicates that the continuous operating time does not

exceed 96 hours or the annual accumulative operating time does not
exceed 15 days.
To improve the reliability of product application, the equipment room should be

equipped with dedicated precision air conditioner to control the temperature and
humidity to the following range:
u Air conditioner control temperature: 15C to 30C
u Air conditioner control humidity: 40% to 75%
Version: A/1 99
Note:
u The air conditioner should never be installed above the equipment,

and the air outlet should not face the equipment directly.
u The air conditioner should be installed far away from windows to

avoid blowing the moisture outside the window to the equipment.
Table 8-20 Requirements on Other Climatic Conditions During Equipment Operation
Item Requirement
Altitude -60m to 4000m

Temperature gradient 0.5/min
Air speed 5 m/s
Atmospheric pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa
Solar radiation 700W/m2
Heat radiation 600W/m2
Note:
When the altitude is between 1800m and 4000m, the operation

temperature of the equipment decreases by 1 each time the altitude
increases by 220m.
Biological Environment
u Microbe such as fungus and mould must be avoided.
u Rodents such as mice must be prevented.
Air Cleanliness
u The air must be free of explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive, or

corrosive dust.
u Table 8-21 shows the concentration requirements for mechanically active

substances.
100 Version: A/1

u The concentration of the chemically active substances meets the requirements

specified in Table 8-22.
Table 8-21 Concentration Requirements for Mechanically Active Substances During

Equipment Operation
Mechanically Active Substance Content
Suspended dust 0.4mg/m3
Dust that can be landed 15mg/ (m2h)
Gravel 300mg/m3
Table 8-22 Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Equipment
Operation
Chemically Active Substance Content
SO2 0.30mg/m3
H2S 0.10mg/m3
NOx 0.50mg/m3
NH3 1.00mg/m3
Cl2 0.10mg/m3
HCl 0.10mg/m3
HF 0.01mg/m3
O3 0.05mg/m3
Mechanical Stress
Table 8-23 describes the requirements on mechanical stress during equipment

operation.
Version: A/1 101

Table 8-23 Requirements on Mechanical Stress During Equipment Operation
Item Specification
Frequency (Hz) 5 to 9 9 to 200

u Vibration: sinusoidal
Displacement
Operating 1.5 - vibration
(mm)
vibration u Axial direction: X-Y-Z3
Acceleration u Sweep rate: 1oct/min
5
(m/s2)
u Waveform: half-sine
wave
Acceleration
Shock 70 u Axial direction: X-Y-Z3
(m/s2)
u Number of shock: 3 in
each axial direction
8.5.2 Storage Environment
Climate
Table 8-24 shows the requirements on climatic environment for the storage of the
equipment.
Table 8-24 Requirements on Climatic Environment for Equipment Storage
Item Requirement
Temperature -40 to +70

Relative humidity 5% to 100%
Temperature gradient 1/min
Water Proofing
u The equipment on the site should be generally placed indoors.
u When the equipment is placed indoors, make sure the ground where the
equipment is placed is free of accumulated water, and there is no water
leakage to the packing case. The equipment should be away from any place
where water leakage may occur such as auto-fire-fighting equipment or heater.
102 Version: A/1

u For indoor storage of the equipment, make sure that the following requirements
are met at the same time:
4 The packing case is intact.
4 Necessary shelter measures should be taken to prevent rain water from

entering the packing case.
4 The place where the packing case is kept should be free of accumulated
water. More importantly, no accumulated water is allowed inside the
packing case.
4 The packing case should not be exposed to the sun directly.
Air Cleanliness

corrosive dust.

substances.

Table 8-25 Concentration Requirements for Mechanically Active Substances During Storage

Dust that can be landed 20.0mg/ (m2h)
Gravel 300mg/m3
Table 8-26 Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Storage
SO2 0.30mg/m3
H2S 0.10mg/m3
NO2 0.50mg/m3
NH3 1.00mg/m3
Version: A/1 103

Table 8-26 Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Storage
(Continued)
Cl2 0.10mg/m3
HCI 0.10mg/m3
HF 0.01mg/m3
O3 0.05mg/m3
Mechanical Stress
Table 8-27 describes the requirements on mechanical stress during storage.
Table 8-27 Requirements on Mechanical Stress During Storage
Item Specification
Acceleration
- 0.02m2/s3 -
spectral density
Random
Frequency
vibration 5Hz to 10Hz 10Hz to 50Hz 50Hz to 100Hz
range
dB/oct 12 - -12
8.5.3 Transport Environment
Climate
Table 8-28 shows the requirements on climatic environment for the transport of the
equipment.
Table 8-28 Requirements on Climatic Environment for Equipment Transport
Item Requirement
Temperature -40 to +70

Relative humidity 5% to 95%
Temperature gradient 1/min
104 Version: A/1

Water Proofing
u The packing case is intact.
u Necessary shelter measures should be taken for the means of transport to

prevent rain water from entering the packing case.
u No accumulated water in the means of transport.
Air Cleanliness

corrosive dust.

substances.

Table 8-29 Concentration Requirements for Mechanically Active Substances During

Equipment Transport
Dust that can be landed 3.0mg/ (m2h)
Gravel 100mg/m3
Transport
SO2 1.00mg/m3
H2S 0.50mg/m3
NO2 1.00mg/m3
HCl 0.50mg/m3
NH3 3.00mg/m3
HF 0.03mg/m3
Version: A/1 105

Transport (Continued)
O3 0.10mg/m3
Cl2 -
Mechanical Stress
Table 8-31 describes the requirements on mechanical stress during equipment

transport.
Table 8-31 Requirements on Mechanical Stress During Equipment Transport
Item Specification
Acceleration spectral
Random 1m2/s3 -3dB/oct
density
vibration
Frequency range 5Hz to 20Hz 20Hz to 200Hz
Response spectrum
100m/s2,11ms,100ineachdirection
type I (mass50kg)
Collision Response spectrum

180m/s2,6ms,100ineachdirection
type II (mass50kg)
Collision direction 6
106 Version: A/1

Appendix A Abbreviations
AG Application Gateway
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
APR Automatic Power Reduction

APS Automatic Protection Switching
AS Autonomous System
ASON Automatically Switched Optical Network
BC Boundary Clock
BER Bit Error Rate

BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BMC Best Master Clock

BMU Board Management Unit
BMU Business Management Unit
BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit
BSC Base Station Controller

BTS Base Transceiver Station
CAR Committed Access Rate
CAS Channel Associated Signaling
CBS Committed Burst Size

CC Continuity Check
CCS Common Channel Signaling
CE Carrier Ethernet
CESoP Circuit Emulation Service over Packet
CES Circuit Emulation Service
CIR Committed Information Rate
CoS Class of Service
CPE Customer Premise Equipment
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
DCC Data Communication Channel

DCM Dispersion Compensation Module
DCN Digital Communication Network
DDF Digital Distribution Frame
Version: A/1 107

DiffServ Differentiated Services

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
ECMP Equal-Cost Multi-Path
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
ESC Electrical Supervisory Channel
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection

FC Fiber Channel
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FE Fast Ethernet
FEC Forward Error Correction
FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
FTTH Fiber To The Home

GE Gigabit Ethernet
GMC Grandmaster Clock

GPS Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical User Interface
HDB3 High Density Bipolar 3 Code
IC Integrated Circuit
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IP Internet Protocol
IPTV Internet Protocol Television
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System
ISO International Standardization Organization
ITU International Telecommunication Union

International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication
ITU-T
Standardization Sector
LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG Link Aggregation Group
LSP Label Switched Path

LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC Media Access Control

MCC Management Communication Channel
MCN Management Communication Network
108 Version: A/1

MDF Main Distribution Frame

ME Maintenance Entity
MEG Maintenance Entity Group
MEN Metropolitan Ethernet
MEP Maintenance End Point

MIB Management Information Base
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put
MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MME Mobility Management Entity
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MPLS-TP Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Transport Profile
MSAN Multi-Service Access Network

MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MSTP Multi-Service Transfer Platform

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
NDF New Data Flag
NNI Network Node Interface

NTP Network Time Protocol
OADM Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance
OC Ordinary Clock
ODF Optical Distribution Frame
ODU Outdoor Unit

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLA Optical Line Amplifier
OLT Optical Line Terminal
OSC Optical Supervisory Channel
OSI Open System Interconnection
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTM Optical Terminal Multiplexer
OTU Optical Transponder Unit
PBB-TE Provider Backbone Bridge-Traffic Engineering
PBS Peak Burst Size

PBT Provider Backbone Transport
PDP Power Distribution Panel

PDU Protocol Data Unit
Version: A/1 109

PDV Path Delay Value
PHB Per-Hop Behavior
PHP Penultimate Hop Popping
PIR Peak Information Rate

POH Path Overhead
PON Passive Optical Network
POP PoP Point of Presence

PPS Pulse Per Second
PRC Primary Reference Clock
PSN Packet Switched Network

PTP Precision Time Protocol
PW Pseudo Wire
PWE3 Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
QoS Quality of Service
RAN Radio Access Network

RDI Remote Defect Indication
RFC Request for Comments
RNC Radio Network Controller

RPR Resilient Packet Ring
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
SAN Storage Area Network
SCC Signaling Communication Channel
SCN Signaling Communication Network
SES Severely Errored Second
SFP Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SGW Signaling Gateway
SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection

SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SN Serial Number
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SP Strict Priority
SSM Synchronization Status Message
STM Synchronous Transport Module
TC Transparent Clock
TCO Total Cost of Ownership
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
110 Version: A/1

TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TMC T-MPLS Channel

TMP T-MPLS Path
TMP Transmission Maintenance Point
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
TNC Threaded Neill-Concelman

TOD Time of Day
TPID Tag Protocol Identifier
TPS Tributary Protection Switching Unit
UAS Unavailable Second

UNI User Network Interface
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VC Virtual Channel
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service
VP Virtual Path
VPN Virtual Private Network
VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service
VRF VPN Routing and Forwarding
VS Virtual Section
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection
XFP 10 Gigabit Small Form-Factor Pluggable
XPIC Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation
Version: A/1 111

Product Documentation Customer Satisfaction Survey
Thank you for reading and using the product documentation provided by FiberHome. Please take a moment to
complete this survey. Your answers will help us to improve the documentation and better suit your needs. Your
responses will be confidential and given serious consideration. The personal information requested is used for
no other purposes than to respond to your feedback.
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documentation set.
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Usage of the product documentation:

1. How often do you use the documentation?
Frequently Rarely Never Other (please specify)
2. When do you use the documentation?
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shooting Other (please specify)
3. What is the percentage of the operations on the product for which you can get instruction from the
documentation?
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4. Are you satisfied with the promptness with which we update the documentation?
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3. Are any contents in the documentation inconsistent with the product?
4. Is the information complete in the documentation?
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5. Are the product working principles and the relevant technologies covered in the documentation sufficient for
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6. Can you successfully implement a task following the operation steps given in the documentation?
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Thank you for your assistance. Please fax or send the completed survey to us at the contact information
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Technical

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CiTRANS 650 U3

Smart Packet Transport Network

FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.

We appreciate your business. Your satisfaction is our goal.

Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: No. 67, Guanggu Chuangye Jie, Wuhan, Hubei, China

are trademarks of FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved

No part of this document (including the electronic version) may be

Describes the equipments structures, functions,

CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet

CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Gives a detailed introduction to notices of fault

Includes four manuals, i.e., product description, operation

Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000073); briefs how

Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000068); briefs how

Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000064); briefs how

This manual is intended for the following readers:

u Planning and designing engineers

u Operation and maintenance engineers

To utilize this manual, these prerequisite skills are necessary:

u Router related technology

u Data communication technology

CiTRANS 650 U3 FiberHome CiTRANS 650 U3 Equipment

FiberHome e-Fim OTNM2000 Element Management

SNCV1 Control Switch Unit of the CiTRANS 650 U3

XSV2 2-ports 10GE Interface Card

MSV1 8-ports GE/FE Interface Optical Card

GSV4 8-ports GE/FE Interface Electric Card

GSV3 8-ports GE Optical Interface Card

ESV2 8-ports FE Optical Interface Card

E1V1 32 Port E1 Line Card with CES

PWR Power Card

Symbol Meaning Description

Note Important features or operation guide.

Possible injury to persons or systems, or cause traffic

Warning May cause severe bodily injuries.

Jump Jumps to another step.

Related Documentation ...................................................................................I

Intended Readers ..........................................................................................III

1.1 Product Introduction..........................................................................2

1.2 Product Positioning...........................................................................2

1.3 Network Application ..........................................................................3

2.1 Unified Cross-connect Capability ......................................................5

2.2 Service Type and Access Capability..................................................5

2.2.1 Service Type.......................................................................5

2.3 Protection Capability .........................................................................6

2.3.1 Equipment-level Protection .................................................6

2.4 Carrier-Class Network Management..................................................9

2.4.1 Support of Centralized Configuration Management............10

3 Product Feature ............................................................................................13

3.1 OAM Feature ..................................................................................14

3.1.1 Introduction to OAM ..........................................................14

3.2 QoS Feature...................................................................................19

3.3 Clock Feature .................................................................................22

3.3.1 Clock Signal Synchronization............................................22

3.4 Easy Maintenance ..........................................................................32

3.4.1 Remote Software Upgrade of Cards ..................................32

3.5 Feature of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction .........................34

3.6 Intelligent Fan Feature ....................................................................35

4.1 Logical Structure.............................................................................37

4.2 Hardware Structure.........................................................................39

4.2.1 Introduction to Cabinet ......................................................39

4.3 Software Architecture......................................................................49

4.3.1 Overview ..........................................................................50