MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1.1 Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located of
the coast of Luzon, and northeast of Palawan. The southern coast of
Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea. In past
times, it has been called Mai or Mait by Chinese traders and, by
Spaniards, as Mina de Oro (meaning "gold mine") from where the
island got its current name. According to the late historian William
Henry Scott, an entry in the official history of the Sung Dynasty for the
year 972 mentions Ma-i as a trading partner of China. Other Chinese
records referring to Ma-i or Mindoro appear in the years that follow.
From 1920 to 1950, the island was a single province with Calapan City
as the provincial capital. In 1950, it was divided into its two present-
day provinces, Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro, following a
referendum that was pushed through by then acting governor Romeo
Venturanza.

1.1.1.1 Oriental Mindoro

A province of the Philippines located in
the island of Mindoro under MIMAROPA
region in Luzon, about 140 km southwest
of Manila. The province is bordered by the
Verde Island Passage and the rest of
Batangas to the north, by Marinduque,
Maestre de Campo (or known as Sibale
but official name is Concepcion) Island,
Tablas Strait and the rest of Romblon to
the east, by Semirara and the rest of
Caluya Islands, Antique to the south, and
by Occidental Mindoro to the west.

Oriental Mindoro is composed of 14 Figure 1: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro

municipalities, with one city, Calapan City Source: Ph fil oriental mindoro" by Roel Balingit
serving as the provincial capital.
Figure 2: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro
Source: Ph fil oriental mindoro" by Roel Balingit
City:
Calapan City Mansalay
Naujan
Municipalitie Pinamalayan
s: Pola
Baco Puerto Galera
Bansud Roxas
Bongabong San Teodoro
Bulalacao Socorro
Gloria Victoria

1.1.1.2 Occidental Mindoro

A province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in Luzon.
Its capital is Mamburao and occupies the western half of the island of
Mindoro, on the west by Apo East Pass, and on the south by the
Mindoro Strait; Oriental Mindoro is at the eastern half. The South China
Sea is to the west of the province and Palawan is located to the
southwest, across Mindoro Strait. Batangas is to the north, separated
by the Verde Island Passage.

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Occidental Mindoro is subdivided into 11 municipalities.

Abra De Ilog
Calintaan
Looc
Lubang
Magsaysay
Mamburao (Capital)
Paluan
Rizal
Sablayan
San Jose
Santa Cruz
Figure 2: Political Map of Occidental Mindoro
Source: "Ph fil occidental mindoro" by Roel Balingit

1.1.2 Population/Mindoreneos Statistics

1.1.2.1 Tagalog

Below is a table on Total Population by Province, City, and Municipality

from 2010 National Statistics Office: Census of Population and Housing
as of May 1, 2010. In Oriental Mindoro,the City of Calapan has the
biggest population and San Teodoro has the least while in Occidental,
San Jose has the biggest population (bigger than Calapans) and Looc
has the least. Mindoro has a total population of 123, 8573.

1.1.2.1.1 Oriental Mindoro

Table 1: Oriental Mindoro Population

CITY/ MUNICIPALITY POPULATION

Baco 35,060
Bansud 38,341
Bongabong 66,569
Bulalacao (San Pedro) 33,754
City of Calapan (Capital) 124,173
Gloria 42,012
Mansalay 51,705
Naujan 94,497
Pinamalayan 81,666
Pola 32,984
Puerto Galera 32,521
Roxas 49,854
San Teodoro 15,810
Socorro 38,348
Victoria 48,308
TOTAL POPULATION 2010
785,602

1.1.2.1.2 Occidental Mindoro

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Table 2: Occidental Mindoro Population

CITY/ MUNICIPALITY POPULATION

Abra De Ilog 29,225
Calintaan 28,148
Looc 9,758
Lubang 23,068
Magsaysay 31,969
Mamburao (Capital) 39,237
Paluan 15,223
Rizal 34,458
Sablayan 76,153
San Jose 131,188
Santa Cruz 34,544
2010
TOTAL POPULATION 452,971

1.1.2.2 Mangyan

According to Mangyan Heritage Center in Calapan, Mindoro,

There are around 300 million indigenous peoples in the world. In
the Philippines, of the projected population of 94 million in 2010,
about 15% belong to
indigenous groups.

Mindoro is the seventh largest

island in the Philippines, with
an area of 10,224 square
kilometers and two provinces
Oriental and Occidental. Of
the total population of one
million, the indigenous
population is estimated at
100,000 +, 10% of the total
population of Oriental and
Occidental Mindoro, 70%
animists and 30% Christians,
but official statistics are
difficult to determine under
the conditions of remote
areas, reclusive tribal groups
and some having little if any Figure 3: Ethnographic Map of Mindoro (Mangyan Tribes)
Source: Mangyan Heritage Center
outside world contact.

Mangyan is the collective name for the eight indigenous groups

living in Mindoro, each with its own name, language, and set of
customs: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tau-buid, Bangon,
Buhid, Hanunuo, and Ratagnon.

Census of Population and Housing of the 8 tribes population

(total of 104,056 Mangyans) from National Statistics Office
: Household population by Ethnicity and Sex as of May 1,
2010 gives the following figures:

Chapter 1 - Introduction
MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Oriental Mindoro

Occidental Mindoro

2010 NSO
1.1.2.2.1 Iraya (26,789 population )

The Iraya occupy the northwestern part of Mindoro, where

one of the country's highest peaks, Mount Halcon, is
located. The word "Iraya" is derived from the prefix "i" -
denoting people, and "raya", a variation of "laya" which
means "upstream," "upriver" or "upland". Thus the
meaning of the word is "people from upstream" or
"uplanders". Historically, however, the Iraya occupied the
coastal region in some distant past, until they were
pushed further inland by settlers from other places. The
word also means "man", "person", and adult" (Servano,
2006)
1.1.2.2.2 Alangan (16,595 population 2010 NSO )
The Alangan occupy northwest central Mindoro. One
theory about this term is that it could mean "a group of
people whose culture is awkward", from the Tagalog word
alangan, which means among other things "uncertainty",
"doubt" or "precariousness". (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.3 Tadyawan (4,271 population 2010 NSO )
There is scant information available regarding the
Tadyawan, who live in sparse settlements in the northeast
part of the island.
1.1.2.2.4 Tau-buid (11,716 population 2010 NSO )
The Batangan or Taubuhid (also Tawbuhid), the most
numerous of the Mangyan groups, occupy the central

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

highlands of the island in the Occidental Mindoro. They

live in a region where mountains tower 1950 m high. The
word "batangan" derives from "batang", meaning "trunk
of a felled tree", and "an", meaning "place", and refers to
a place where felled tree trunks may be found, probably a
swidden field. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.5 Bangon (13,656 population 2010 NSO )
The Batangan are also known as Bangon or Taubuhid.
Other names used to refer to them are Bukid, Bu'id,
Buhid, and Buhil, despite the fact that there is a separate
identifiable group to the south, the Buhid. Local subgroups
include the Bayanan and Saragan. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.6 Buhid (913 population 2010 NSO )
The Buhid occupy the south central part of Mindoro. Their
territory just about equally straddles the eastern and
western provinces comprising the island. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.7 Hanunuo (29,188 population 2010 NSO )
The Hanunoo Mangyan live in a mountainous area about
800 sqkm in the southeastern part of the island, mainly in
Oriental Mindoro. Their territory is under the municipal
jurisdiction of Mansalay, Bulalacao, and a certain part of
San Jose, which is the capital of Occidental Mindoro.
1.1.2.2.8 Ratagnon (928 population 2010 NSO )
The Ratragon occupy the southernmost tip of the island
province, quite close to the coast facing the Sulu Sea.
They lie nearest the aquatic route going to Busuanga
Island in the northernmost Palawan and the Cuyo islands,
two places where the language spoken is Cayunon, which
is also used by the Ratagnon (Servano, 2006)

Among all tribes Hanunuo has the biggest

population and the most culturally preserved while
Iraya is the most civilized.

1.1.3 Healthcare
1.1.3.1 Hospitals and Infirmaries Statistics
1.1.3.1.1 Oriental Mindoro

Address License Date Validity Name of Head

Name of Facility No. Issued Period ABC Classification
No./Street Name Barangay Mun./City of Facility

GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

Ospital ng 4B10 Jan Jan 1
1515I 1, Archie S.
Mamayan ng Dec 31, Infirmary
Puerto Galera 1 2015 2015 17 Yboa, MD

4B21 Jan 1
Naujan Municipal 1510I Jan 1, Lenelinda C.
Hospital Santiago St. Naujan 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
1 2015 10 Onanad, MD

4B20 Jan 1 Marpheo

Oriental Mindoro 15100 Jan 1,
Provincial Hospital Ilaya Calapan City 2015 Dec 31, 100 Marasigan, Level I
H11 2015 MD
4B14 Jan 1
1525I Jan 1, Anthony K.
Roxas District Hospital Odiong Roxas
1 2015 Dec 31, 25 Cruzado, MD
Infirmary
2015

4B06 Jan 1 Levon Franco

Renato Umali Reyes Brgy. 1522I Jan 1,
Hospital of Bongabong Bongabong 2015 Dec 31, V.R.F. Infirmary
Labasan 1 2015 22
Baldoza, MD
4B01 Jan 1
Pinamalayan Strong Republic, 1510I Jan 1, Guillermo A.
Community Hospital Pinamalayan 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
Nautical Highway 1 2015 10 Gonzales, MD

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS 184 BEDS

ORIENTAL MINDORO AS OF MAY 1, 2010

POPULATION 785,602

BED TO POPULATION 2010

RATIO 1:4270

PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

4B07 Jan 1
Children's Medical 1510I Jan 1, Emmanuela K.
Clinic Bonbon Calapan City 2015 Dec 31, Lim, MD Infirmary
2 2015 10

4B15 Jan 1
Hospital of the Holy V.R. Medrano Sr., 1530 Jan 1, Renato Jose
Cross Ilaya Calapan City 2015 Dec 31, M. Priela, MD Level I
cor. T.M. Kalaw Sts. H12 2015 30

4B19 Jan 1 Gregorio S.

Mina de Oro General Poblacion 1508I Jan 1,
Hospital IV Victoria 2015 Dec 31, Valdez, Sr., Infirmary
2 2015 8
MD
MMG Hospital & 04B Jan 1
10014 Claro M.
Health Service of J.P. Rizal St. Tawiran Calapan City Dec 31, Level II
50H22 2014 50 Reyes, MD
Oriental Mindoro
4B04 Jan 1 Melinda
Ma. Estrella General 1575 Jan 1,
Hospital Tawiran Calapan City 2015 Dec 31, Corazon N. Level I
H12 2015 75
Goco, MD
Jan 1
4B32 Jan 1, Leo P.
Senor Tesoro Hospital Poblacion II Victoria 1508I2 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
2015 8 Geronimo, MD

4B10 Jan 1
Pinamalayan Doctors 1530 Jan 1, Eloisa N.
Hospital Francisco St. Pinamalayan 2015 Dec 31, Level I
H12 2015 30 Mambil, MD

Jan 1 Paulette Tessa

Saint Paul General 4B15 Jan 1,
Hospital Quezon St. Pinamalayan 1510I2 2015 Dec 31, G. Candelaria, Infirmary
2015 10
MD
4B24 Jan 1
Gelacio Ocampo 1505I Jan 1, Virgilio D.
Umali Medical Clinic St. Poblacion I Victoria 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
2 2015 5 Umali, MD

Block 4, Sta. Maria 4B42 Jan 2, Jan 2 Vicente

Village 1425 2014 Dec 31, Jeronimo L.
Sta. Maria Village Clinic Calapan City Infirmary
H12 2014 25 Santos, MD
Jan 1 Baldomero A.
Poblacion 4B20 Jan 1,
St. Lawrence Hospital III Victoria 1504I2 2015 Dec 31, Esteban, Jr., Infirmary
2015 4
MD
4B37 Jan 1
Strong Republic, 1515I Jan 1, Charis S.
Grace Mission Hospital Catinigan Socorro 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
Nautical Highway 2 2014 10 Santiago, MD

4B23 Jan 1 Antonio M. de

De los Reyes Medical 1510I Jan 1,
Clinic Aguinaldo St. Pinamalayan 2015 Dec 31, los Reyes, MD Infirmary
2 2015 10

Nuestro Espiritu 4B18 Jan 1

1504I Jan 1, Adolfo P.
Medical / Surgical & Brgy. Ipil Bongabong 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
2 2015 4 Espiritu
Diagnostic Clinic
04B Jan 1 Mario Augusto
Luna Goco Medical 01914
Center Lalud Calapan City Dec 31, Lorman L. Level II
30H22 2014 30
Goco, MD
Jan 1
4B16 Jan 1, Rosinico F.
Atienza Polyclinic Poblacion II Victoria 1506I2 2015 Dec 31, Infirmary
2015 6 Fabon, MD

TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS 315 BEDS

ORIENTAL MINDORO AS OF MAY 1, 2010

POPULATION 785,602

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

BED TO POPULATION 2010

RATIO 1:2493

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT 499 BEDS

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO 1: 1575

1.1.3.1.2 Occidental Mindoro

Address License Date Validity Name of Head

Name of Facility No. Issued Period ABC Classification
No./Street Name Barangay Mun./City of Facility

GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

4B41 Jan 1
Abra de ilog Municipal 1510I Jan 1, Carlos R.
Hospital Venturanza St. Poblacion Abra de Ilog
1 2015 Dec 31, 10
Dipasupil, MD
Infirmary
2015

4B09 Jan 1
Lubang District Brgy. 1525I Jan 1, Venmar S.
Hospital Lubang 2015 Dec 31, 25 Infirmary
Tangal 1 2015 Sayapal, MD

4B03 Jan 1
Occidental Mindoro Brgy. 15100 Jan 1, Ner T.
Provincial Hospital Mamburao 2015 Dec 31, 100 Level I
Tayamaan H11 2015 Agoncillo, MD

4B11 Jan 1
Paluan Community Brgy. 1510I Jan 1, Rosario M.
Hospital Alipaoy
Paluan
1 2015 Dec 31, 10
Barrales, MD
Infirmary
2015

4B08 Jan 1 Noelito S.

San Jose District 1550I Jan 1,
Hospital National Highway San Jose
1 2015 Dec 31, 50 Fernandez, Level I
2015 MD
4B01 Jan Jan 1 Paulino D.
San Sebastian District 1525 1,
Hospital Sitio Macambang Buenavista Sablayan Dec 31, 25 Legaspi, Jr., Level I
H11 2015 2015 MD
4B02 Jan 1 Leonida M.
Sta. Cruz Community 1510I Jan 1,
Hospital Poblacion II Sta. Cruz 2015 Dec 31, 10 Pallayaban, Infirmary
1 2015 MD

TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS 230 BEDS

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO AS OF MAY 1, 2010

POPULATION 452,957

BED TO POPULATION 2010

RATIO 1:1969

PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

4B42 Jan 1
1507I Jan 1, Lope C. Asilo,
St. Magdalene Hospital 0218 Bonifacio St. San Jose
2 2015 Dec 31, 7
MD
Infirmary
2015

4B30 Jan 1 Senen M.

Zapanta Maternity & Brgy. Pag 1515I Jan 1,
Liboro St. asa San Jose 2015 Dec 31, 15 Zapanta, Jr., Infirmary
General Hospital 2 2015 MD
4B59 Feb Feb 18
Westmin United 1410I 18, Eleanor S.
Doctors Hospital Co. Gomez St. San Jose Dec 31, 10 Infirmary
2 2014 2014 Costibolo, MD

Sr. Josephine
Jan 1
St. Martin's Mission 4B03 Jan 1, Rose F.
Hospital San Roque Poblacion Sablayan 1515I2 2015 Dec 31, 15 Infirmary
2015 Blanco, OP,
MD
TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS 47 BEDS

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO AS OF MAY 1, 2010

POPULATION 452,957

BED TO POPULATION 2010

RATIO 1:9637

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT 277 BEDS

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO 1: 1635

MINDORO PROVINCE

TOTAL BED COUNT 803 BEDS

TOTAL POPULATION (2010 1,238,559
TOTAL BED TO POPULATION (2010)
RATIO 1: 1543

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Oriental Mindoro Health Investment Plan (OMHIP) admits that

public health facilities which cater to the poor are mostly ill-equipped,
with inadequate supply of drugs and medical supplies. Private hospitals
that provide better health care are beyond the reach of the poor. It
also acknowledges the limited access of Mangyans to health services.
In addition, this development is aiming to give solution to the following
problems that currently exists on our health care for lung and
respiratory health:

In this province, respiratory diseases still rank as the

leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The most
common causes of morbidity are upper respiratory tract
infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea and pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB). In Occidental Mindoro, acute respiratory
infection has also been the leading cause of morbidity,
followed by diarrhea and gastroenteritis. There is no
hospital development that specialized in prevention and
cure of lung and respiratory diseases to efectively reduce
the case of such diseases.

As shown in the 1.1.3.1 Table of Hospitals and Infirmaries

Statistics, existing and new facilities ofers limited type of
service and care for the prevention, cure and treatment of
lung and respiratory diseases. Most of the public hospitals
are at Infirmary level and four (4) out of 13 in the whole
province is at Level 1 Hospital which is a very small
hospital, an emergency type one that ofers ONLY:

o initial treatment for cases that require immediate

treatment and that provides primary care for
prevalent diseases in the area
o general medicine, pediatrics, minor surgeries, and
non-surgical gynecology
o primary clinical laboratory, pharmacy and first level
radiology
o nursing care for patients needing minimal
supervised care

Chapter 1 - Introduction
MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Patients have no choice but transfer to private hospitals

because of the limited services and equipment.

Source: Center for Health Development- Region IVB Statistics as of

2010
(Highlighted are disease/ ailments connected to Respiratory System)

Oriental Mindoro Provincial Profile

Leading Causes of Morbidity

Causes No.
Acute Respiratory Infection Rate/100,000 24,861
Bronchitis 3417.67 3,287
Urinary Tract Infection 451.87 2,712
Wounds all forms 372.82 2,456
Pneumonia 337.63 2,346
Hypertension 322.51 2,078
TB, all forms 285.66 2,043
Diarrhea 280.85 1,932
Rhinistis 265.59 1,676
Tonsilo Pharyngitis 230.40 1,387
190.67
Leading Causes of Mortality

Causes No.
Diseases of the Heart Rate/100,000 575
Cancer 79.05 249
Pneumonia 34.23 224
COPD 30.79 169
Hypertension 30.79 141
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 19.38 91
Diabetes Mellitus 12.51 90
Multiple Organ Failure 12.37 80
Accident 11.00 78
Degenerative Diseases 10.72 68
9.35
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality

Causes
No. Partum Heorrhage
Post Rate
5 Preeclampsia
67.13
2 Uterine Atony
26.86
2 26.86
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality

Causes
No.Prematurity
Rate
15 1.74
Congenital Malformation
8 Pneumonia0.93
7 Septicemia
0.81
6Undetermined
0.70
5 Asphyxia 0.58
5
Tetanus 0.58
Neonatorum
Hyaline5 Membrane 0.58
Disease
3
Diseases of the0.35
Heart
3
Respiratory 0.35
Distress Syndrome
2 0.23

Occidental Mindoro Provincial Profile

Leading Causes of Mordibity

Causes No.
Rate/100,000
Acute Respiratory Infection 24,861
3417.67
Bronchitis 3,287
451.87
Urinary Tract Infection 2,712
372.82
Wounds all forms 2,456
337.63
Pneumonia 2,346
322.51
Hypertension 2,078
285.66
TB, all forms 2,043
280.85

Chapter 1 - Introduction
MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Diarrhea 1,932
265.59
Rhinistis 1,676
230.40
Tonsilo Pharyngitis 1,387
190.67
Leading Causes of Mortality

Causes No.
Rate/100,000
Diseases of the Heart 575
79.05
Cancer 249
34.23
Pneumonia 224
30.79
COPD 169
30.79
Hypertension 141
19.38
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 91
12.51
Diabetes Mellitus 90
12.37
Multiple Organ Failure 80
11.00
Accident 78
10.72
Degenerative Diseases 68
9.35
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality

Causes
No. Rate
Post Partum Heorrhage
5
Preeclampsia 67.13
2
Uterine Atony 26.86
2 26.86
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality

Causes
No.
Prematurity Rate
15
Congenital 1.74
Malformation
8
Pneumonia 0.93
7
Septicemia 0.81
6 0.70
Undetermined
5
Asphyxia 0.58
5 0.58
Tetanus Neonatorum
5 0.58
Hyaline Membrane Disease
3
Diseases of0.35
the Heart
3
Respiratory0.35
Distress Syndrome
2 0.23

Currently, the Bed to Population Ratio for Public and

Private Hospitals in Oriental and Occidental Mindoro is
1:1,596 and 1:1,635, respectively which is insufficient
compared to a standard of 1:1000.

MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY TOTAL HOSPITALS TOTAL BEDS BED TO POPULATION
POPULATION 2010
RATIO
MINDORO PROVINCE TOTAL 35 769
1,238,559 1: 1631

ORIENTAL MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY TOTAL HOSPITALS TOTAL BEDS BED TO POPULATION
POPULATION 2010
RATIO
GOVERNMENT 6 177
785,602 1:4438

PRIVATE 16 315 BEDS

785,602 1:2493

TOTAL 24 492 BEDS

785,602 1: 1596

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY TOTAL HOSPITALS TOTAL BEDS BED TO POPULATION
POPULATION 2010
RATIO
GOVERNMENT 7 230 BEDS
452,957 1:1969

PRIVATE 4 47 BEDS
452,957 1:9637

TOTAL 11 277 BEDS

452,957 1: 1635

Chapter 1 - Introduction
MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Aside from poor medical access of Mangyans, some of the tribes

especially the primitive ones, refuse going to hospitals or health
facilities because it opposes their cultural beliefs.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Challenges in providing health care for everyone is the focus of the
research. Some factors are given below that made the study
significant:
1.3.1 Significance of the study to the patients
There are two Primary Users in this study the Tagalogs and
Mangyans. This study will show how healthcare should be
universal and equal (age, gender, class and special conditions
including PWDs).
1.3.2 Significance of the study to the healthcare providers
The study will provide healthcare providers a better
understanding on Mangyans health beliefs and be able to make
solutions or necessary adaptations on cultural diferences
1.3.3 Significance of the study to the field of Healthcare
Architecture
The study will also have significance in the field of architecture
since the development is one of the new concepts in a building
development. Architecture will be the medium on how social
factors afect the design of buildings.

1.4 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

1.4.1 GOAL
To plan and design Mina de Oro Provincial Hospital and Center
for Respiratory Health with low waste water facility feature
1.4.2 OBJECTIVES
1.4.2.1 To design a Tertiary Level
General hospital with specialized services for cure and
prevention of lung and respiratory diseases that will also
cater other provinces in MIMAROPA
1.4.2.2 Design a New Hospital by
applying the principles of therapeutic and healing design
approach for better comfort and convenience of the users
and for faster recovery of the patients in the
1.4.2.3 To make health care services
more accessible for Mangyan and Poor Communities, a
culture-sensitive facility, by allocating special Mangyan
wards and provision of free medical services to Mangyan
patients and training of Mangyan volunteer health
workers.

1.5 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1.5.1 SCOPE
The study will discuss the significance of a Provincial Hospital and
Center for Respiratory Health: its organizational structure: the people
and spaces which involves such development. It will also identify the
best location for the development and its specific architectural design
planning and development schemes

This study will give the reader a broad knowledge of what a culture-
sensitive hospital is like, especially in the province of Mindoro and how
it will help the poor health status in the province and in its region.

1.5.2 DELIMITATIONS

Chapter 1 - Introduction
 MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

This study is delimited to architectural concept, design and ideas as

well as its planning and organization of spaces and brief structural
schemes. Environmental systems may difer depending on site
location; studies of other potential sites can be done. Set of users
showed in this book is based on the standards and may be changed
depending on the location and functions/level of hospital. The study for
Mangyan Health services will be delimited for civilized Tribes to achieve
the feasibility of the project because of cultural diferences. However,
this book can serve as a reference on similar health facilities that also
aims for the ware fell of other Indigenous people or tribes.

1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY1

For the past years, the poor and the disadvantaged groups in the
region have encountered many kinds of barriers when trying to gain
access to health care and medical services, basic education, water and
sanitation, nutrition services and shelter. The inequities in access to
health facilities and services resulted to poor health condition across
rural and urban population and communities. With the increasing
regional population, the provision of health and nutrition services must
be expanded and intensified considering the anticipated level demand
for these services. The challenge to meet these demands to improve
the well-being of the people will require an orchestrated actions from
the national and local governments, private groups, non-government
organizations and the people/communities themselves. (MIMAROPA
Regional Development Plan 2011-2016, 2015)

Social Sector: Health Services

Goal
1. A socially developed city with healthy, highly skilled and globally
competitive individuals and well-protected citizenry with access to
basic social services in a well-balanced environment.

Objectives
1. To attain quality standard of health and promote a peaceful, lively
and productive life.
2. To accomplish the majority set of regional targets in terms of the
Millennium Development Goals.
3. To achieve full access to socially responsive and quality health
services to all the people of MIMAROPA region.
4. To greatly improve the health status of all the regional populace and
contribute to the poverty alleviation and socio-economic development
of the region.

Strategies

Promote the upgrading, expansion and modernization of

community health facilities and manpower resource;
Initiate a public-private partnership in the construction of
health infrastructures and in investment in development
of natural /herbal drugs where local governments
resources is limited or inadequate.
Increase the coverage, access and utilization of health
care services through implementation of sector wide

1 See Certificate of Need (CON) at Appendix Section

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MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

approach and providing equitable pro-poor, client-

oriented and best quality services.
Accelerate the financing, construction and delivery of
specialized/advanced secondary and tertiary health
facilities in major towns and cities to increase and expand
peoples access to modern and quality health services.
Intensify health promotion and education and disease
prevention in the school through provision of standard
toilet and safe water facilities, package of basic school
health services and inculcating healthy habits and
practices and sex education in school children.
Intensify the service delivery and management of
projects/programs and prevention and control of
communicable diseases (STI/HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria, etc.) through community mobilization and
participation in the control of the infectious diseases.

In the Province of
Oriental Mindoro, Existing Oriental Mindoro Provincial Hospital
Proposed Mina De Oro Provincial Hospital
there is an existing
Provincial Hospital
which is level 1
with 100 beds
which is located in
the City of Calapan.
The poorest of the
population are the
main users of
government health
facilities, yet these
health facilities are
too remote to them
especially from the
Municipality of
Bulalacao and Manansalay which is at the farthest end of the Province,
approximately 6 hours away through the usual means of
transportation, which at worst case because of still insufficient service
and equipment will be further referred to Region IV-As Regional
Hospital which is 1-2 hours away via boat plus 30 minutes on land
transportation.

The proposed New Provincial Hospital in Pinamalayan, which is

centrally located provincially and Regionally is an attempt to give
solution to the previously stated problems in persisting causes of
mortatlity and morbidity; very insufficient number of hospital beds
compare to the provinces vastly increasing population; and cultural
problems especially of the Mangyans

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND CONCEPTS

1.7.1 General Textual Definitions
1.7.1.1 Contextual Definitions

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MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

Mina de Oro - Mindoro provinces name was coined from the Spanish
phrase Mina de Oro, which literally means mine of gold. Mindoros
rich soil is awash with mineral deposits, including gold, as well as other
natural wonders that can be considered a gold mine for tourism.

Hospital - refers to a place devoted primarily to the maintenance and

operation of facilities for the diagnosis, treatment and care of
individuals sufering from illness, disease, injury or deformity, or in
need of obstetrical or other medical and nursing care.
Primary hospital - refers to a hospital with capabilities and
facilities for providing first contact emergency care and
hospitalization in simple cases.
Secondary hospital - refers to a hospital which has capabilities
and facilities for providing medical care to cases requiring
hospitalization and the expertise of physicians with training of
not less than six (6) months on certain specialties.
Tertiary Level I hospital - refers to a hospital which has
capabilities for providing medical care to cases requiring
sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic equipment and the
expertise of trained specialists and subspecialists.
Tertiary Level II hospital - refers to a departmentalized
hospital with teaching and research capabilities and which have
accredited Residency Training Programs in the fields of surgery,
pediatrics, medicine, OB-Gyne, EENT, orthopeClics, anesthesia
and other ancillary disciplines. It likewise ofers dental services.
Tertiary Level III hospital - refers to a hospital which has been
particularly selected to provide tertiary hospital services, with
teaching, training and research functions.
Tertiary Level IV hospital - refers to a tertiary hospital with
expensive and sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic facilities
for a specific medical problem area.

District hospital - refers to the front-line hospital, which has its

own catchment area, and with capabilities and facilities for
providing secondary medical care to cases requiring
hospitalization and the expertise of trained doctors.
Provincial hospital - refers to a central district hospital with its
own catchment area which provides at least a minimum of
Tertiary Level I hospital care.
Regional hospital - refers to a departmentalized hospital
which provides Tertiary Level II hospital care.
Medical center - refers to a hospital which provides Tertiary
Level III hospital care.
Specialty hospital - refers to a hospital which provides
services for one particular illness or disease or health medical
care need, with the highest medical care rendered by medical
experts using highly specialized equipment for a specific
medical problem are. It provides Tertiary Level IV hospital care.

General a hospital that provides services for all kinds of

illnesses, diseases, injuries or deformities. A general hospital
shall provide medical and surgical care to the sick and injured,
as well as maternity, newborn and child care. It shall be
equipped with the service capabilities needed to support board
certified/eligible medical specialists and other licensed
physicians rendering services in, but not limited to, the
following:
i. Clinical Services
1) Family Medicine

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MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
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2) Pediatrics
3) Internal Medicine
4) Obstetrics and Gynecology
5) Surgery
ii. Emergency Services
iii. Outpatient Services
iv. Ancillary and Support Services, such as clinical
laboratory, imaging facility and pharmacy.

Ontology - ways of constructing reality, how things really are and

how things really work

Epistemology diferent forms of knowledge of that reality, what

nature of relationship exists between the inquirer and the inquired?
How do we know?

Methodology What tools do we use to know that reality?

Ethnicity a primary sense of belonging to an ethnic group. Ethnic

group is consanguine in nature, meaning, the ties are reckoned by
blood and traced through the family tree. Thus, ethnicity refers to the
household member's identity, by blood and not by choice nor by
adoption/confirmation for any ethnic group, primarily the Indigenous
Peoples (IPs).

Population Projection computation of future changes in population

numbers, given certain assumptions about future trends in the rates of
fertility, mortality and migration. Demographers often publish high,
medium, and low projections of the same population based on diferent
assumptions of how these rates will change in the future

Building Height Limit (BHL) - the maximum height allowed for

structures or buildings expressed as number of floors or storeys.

Comprehensive Land Use Plan refers to a plan which includes a land

use map, factors indicting the socially desired mix of land uses and a
set of policies to guide future development.

Floor/Area Ratio (FAR) - is the ratio between the Gross Floor Area of a
building and the area of the lot on which it stands. Determined by
dividing the Gross Floor Area of the building and the area of the lot.
The Gross Floor Area of any building should not exceed the prescribed
floor area ratio (FAR) multiplied by the lot area.

Institutional Uses uses that pertain to the provision of government,

social, religious, educational, cultural, police / military and other
services such as, but not limited to, government offices, schools,
hospitals / clinics, academic/research, convention centers and police
stations.

Land Use Intensity Controls (LUIC) - refer to controls on open spaces

(PLO), building bulk (FAR), building height (BHL) and impervious
surfaces (AISAR). The LUIC is imposed to control, among others, traffic
generation, requirements on utilities, over-building, over-crowding,
visual access and to attain the desired zone character. The LUIC is
applied as follows:
a. Maximum Allowable Building Area per Floor in Square Meters
= Lot Area x Allowable PLO
b. Maximum Allowable Gross Floor Area in Square Meters = Lot
Area x Allowable FAR

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Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility

c. In determining the maximum number of floors per building,

BHL regulations shall apply.

1.7.1.2 Operational Definitions

Respiratory Health - state of complete physical, mental and social

well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in the
organs that are involved in breathing, including the nose, throat,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also known as the respiratory tree.
Lung Diseases - refers to many disorders afecting the lungs, such as
asthma, COPD, infections like influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis,
lung cancer, and many other breathing problems. Some lung diseases
can lead to respiratory failure.
Center for Respiratory Health - a building or establishment housing
local medical services or the practice of a group of doctors that focuses
or specializes in aiding and preventing respiratory diseases.
Therapeutic Architecture - can be described as the people-
centered, evidence-based discipline of the built environment, which
aims to identify and support ways of incorporating those spatial
elements that interact with people physiologically and psychologically
into design.
Healing Design/ Environments - for healthcare buildings describes
a physical setting and organizational culture that supports patients and
families through the stresses imposed by illness, hospitalization,
medical visits, the process of healing, and sometimes, bereavement.
The concept implies that the physical healthcare environment can
make a diference in how quickly the patient recovers from or adapts to
specific acute and chronic conditions. (Stichler, 2001)

Patient-centered care - Providing care that is respectful of and

responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and
ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. (IOM, 2001)

Mindoreneos - refers to collective inhabitants of Mindoro Provinces

Tagalog this term is not associated with ethnicity but refers to

Mindoreneos aside from the Mangyans, these people are lowlanders
who consist of diferent Ethnicity such as Bisaya, Ilocano and of other
local and foreign ethnic groups.

Urban Corridor (UCD) refers to the strip of land on both sides of the
National Road from the Socorro to the Gloria boundaries. It also
includes the strip of land along the Airport Road from Barangay Sto.
Nio to the boundary with Gloria. The depth of the UCD shall be 250
meters on both sides of the said roads, reckoned from the road rights-
of-way. It covers portions of the following barangays: Bangbang,
Cacawan, Del Razon, Malaya, Maliancog, Nabuslot, Pagalagala,
Palayan, Pambisan Malaki, Pambisan Munti, Panggulayan, Papandayan,
Quinabigan, Sta Isabel, Sta. Maria, Sta. Rita and Sto. Nio.

1.7.1.3 Abbreviations

MIMAROPA - MIndoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and

Oriental Mindoro), MArinduque, ROmblon and Palawan

CHD Center for Health Developent, the regional health office

of DOH

DOH Department of Health

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BHFS Bureau of Health Facilities and Services, the bureau of

DOH charged with the implementation of these rules and
regulations

CON

1.7.2 Definition of Design Elements

Chapter 1 - Introduction