‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Simplified analysis of lateral load distribution in structures

consisting of frames, single shear wall, coupled shear wall, and
cores

Procedure and Work Example. The structure consists core, two rigid joint
frames, single shear wall and coupled shear walls. It is assumed that the building is 12
stories high, with a story height of 3m. Building Height 36m

The building is subjected to uniformly distributed wind loading normal to one long
face, giving a resultant nominal loading 22.5kN/m height.

 The properties of each frames

I for columns = 2.13E-02𝑚4

I for girders = 8.75E-03𝑚4

Shear Rigidity GA' = 2.05E+05kN

 The properties of coupled shear walls

I = I1 +I2
I1=I2=3.125𝑚4

I =6.25 m4

A1 = A2= 1.5𝑚2

b=2m 𝑙=7m

E =2.00E+07 KN/m2

Ib= 0.0128𝑚4

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 The properties of single shear walls
Moment of Inertia I= 12.8m4

Torsional Stiffness C= 600000kN.m2

 The properties of core

Warping Inertia Iw= 28.125m6

Shear Modulus G= 8.33E+06kN/m2

Torsional Constant Jo= 0.1872m4

Moment of Inertia I= 19.983325m4

Assumed numbers of reference levels are four

X = 0, 9, 18, 27

H = 36 m
𝒙
𝜺= =0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75
𝑯

Step 1. Calculate the coefficients Si from equation 1 and assemble the matrix
S
𝜀 𝑖+1
QJ=P0j+𝐻 ∑𝑚
𝑖=0 𝑖+1 = P0j+ 𝐻 ∑𝑚
𝑖=0 SiPij
𝜀𝑖+1
Si = 𝐻 𝑖+1

1 0 0 0
S= 1 9 1.125 0.1875
1 18 4.5 1.5
1 27 10.125 5.0625

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Step 2. Calculate the flexibility coefficients and assemble the matrix F due
to each unit force component P0=1, p0=1, p1=1, p2=1
Flexibility coefficients for rigid joint frame
𝐻 𝐻2 𝑖!
y= P0 (𝐺𝐴) ∗ (1 − 𝜀 ) + 𝑃𝑖 (𝐺𝐴 ) ∗ ((𝑖+2)!) ∗ (1 − 𝜀 𝑖+2 )
12𝐸
GA = 1 1
ℎ( + )
𝐺 𝐶

Shear Rigidity GA' =2.05E+05kN

0.000175 0.003157 0.001052 0.0005262

F= 0.000132 0.00296 0.001036 0.0005242
8.77E-05 0.002368 0.000921 0.0004934
4.39E-05 0.001381 0.000608 0.0003597

47506.73 -91212.9 68409.69 -30404.3

-7389.94 21958.67 -24070.1 11823.9
F-1 = 25336.92 -91212.9 121617.2 -70943.4
-20269.5 81078.15 -121617 81078.15

Flexibility coefficients for single shear walls

𝐻3 𝜀3 1 1 𝑖+4 𝑖! 𝑖! (𝑖+3)𝑖!
𝑦= [P0 ( − 𝜀 + ) + 𝑃𝑖 𝐻 ( 𝜀 − (𝑖+3)! 𝜀 + )]
𝐸𝐼 6 2 3 (𝑖+4)! (𝑖+3)!

6.08E-05 0.00082 0.000219 9.113E-05

3.84E-05 0.000548 0.00015 6.379E-05
F= 1.9E-05 0.00029 8.37E-05 3.673E-05
5.22E-06 8.65E-05 2.66E-05 1.236E-05

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 1891044 -5451434 6226925 -4314325
-483985 1553306 -2044288 1627626
F-1 = 2121628 -7283443 10534979 -9364426
-1985760 7134801 -1.1E+07 10702201

Flexibility coefficients for coupled shear walls

𝑃0 𝐻 3 1 𝜇 sinh 𝛾𝜀 − sinh 𝛾
𝑦= [ (1 − 𝜇 )(𝜀 3 − 3𝜀 + 2) + 2 (1 − 𝜀 + )]
𝐸𝐼 6 𝛾 𝛾 cosh 𝛾
𝑝𝑖 𝐻 4 𝑖! 𝑖! (𝑖 + 3)𝑖!
+ {(1 − 𝜇 ) [ 𝜀 𝑖+4 − 𝜀+ ]
𝐸𝐼 (𝑖 + 4)! (𝑖 + 3)! (𝑖 + 3)!
𝜇 𝑖! 𝜀 2 1 𝑖! 1 − cosh 𝛾 𝜋
− 2[ 𝑖( −𝜀+ )+ 𝑖( 2 )] 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑖 + 3)
𝛾 𝛾 2 2 𝛾 𝛾 cosh 𝛾 2
1 sinh 𝛾𝜀 − sinh 𝛾
− (1 − 𝜀 + )
𝑖+1 𝛾 cosh 𝛾
𝑖
𝑖! 𝑖! (𝑖 − 𝑛 + 3)𝑖! 1
+ ∑ [( 𝜀 𝑖−𝑛+4 − 𝜀 + )
(𝑖 − 𝑛 + 4) (𝑖 − 𝑛 + 3) (𝑖 − 𝑛 + 4)! 𝛾𝑛 − 2
𝑛=0

𝑖! sinh 𝛾𝜀 − sinh 𝛾 2(
𝜋
− (1 − 𝜀 + )] 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛 + 1 ) }
(𝑖 − 𝑛 + 1)! 𝛾 𝑖 𝛾 cosh 𝛾 2

In which I = I1 +I2 , A = A1 +A2

12Ic 𝑙
β2 =
hb3 I

𝑙β2 H2
μ=
γ2

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 AI
γ2 = β2 H2 ( + 𝑙)
A1 A 2 𝑙

β²= 0.007168 (m3) ^-1

ɣ²= 76.087296
µ= 0.854651163

2.18E-05 -2.45E-02 -7.86E-03 -4.18E-03

1.41E-05 -1.75E-02 -5.66E-03 -3.01E-03
F= 7.27E-06 -1.07E-02 -3.48E-03 -1.85E-03
2.18E-06 -4.49E-03 -1.58E-03 -9.92E-04

-1.70E+06 4.48E+06 -3.46E+06 6.91E+04

-3.49E+04 8.27E+04 -5.62E+04 1.22E+03
F-1 = 1.40E+05 -3.30E+05 2.20E+05 -1.37E+03
-6.88E+04 1.60E+05 -1.03E+05 -4.21E+03

Flexibility coefficients for core

Symmetrical coupled core bent about the X-X axis

𝐻3 𝜀3 1 1 𝑖+4 𝑖! 𝑖! (𝑖+3)𝑖!
𝑦= [P0 ( − 𝜀 + ) + 𝑃𝑖 𝐻 ( 𝜀 − (𝑖+3)! 𝜀 + )]
𝐸𝐼 6 2 3 (𝑖+4)! (𝑖+3)!

3.89E-05 0.000525 0.00014 5.837E-05

2.46E-05 0.000351 9.63E-05 4.086E-05
F= 1.22E-05 0.000186 5.36E-05 2.353E-05
3.34E-06 5.54E-05 1.71E-05 7.915E-06

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 2952293 -8510764 9721459 -6735512
-755597 2425016 -3191536 2541046
F-1= 3312280 -1.1E+07 16447181 -1.5E+07
-3100163 11138832 -1.7E+07 16708247

Step 3. Calculate the flexibility coefficients and assemble the matrix 𝐅̀ due
to each unit torque component T0=1, t0=1, t1=1, t2=1

Flexibility coefficients for single shear walls

𝐻 𝑖!
𝜃= [T0 (1 − 𝜀 ) + t 𝑖 𝐻 (𝑖+2)! (1 − 𝜀 𝑖+2 )]
𝐶
1
𝐶 = 3 𝐺 ∑ 𝑎𝑡 3
Where a and t are the width and thickness

Torsional Stiffness C=600000kN.m2

0.00006 0.00108 0.00036 0.00018

𝐅̀ = 0.000045 0.001013 0.000354 0.000179
0.00003 0.00081 0.000315 0.000169
0.000015 0.000473 0.000208 0.000123

138888.9 -266667 200000 -88888.9

-21604.9 64197.53 -70370.4 34567.9
F-1= 74074.07 -266667 355555.6 -207407
-59259.3 237037 -355556 237037

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Flexibility coefficients for coupled shear walls

𝐻 𝑖!
𝜃= [T0 (1 − 𝜀 ) + t 𝑖 𝐻 ( ) (1 − 𝜀 𝑖+2 )]
𝐶 𝑖+2 !
1
𝐶 = 3 𝐺 ∑ 𝑎𝑡 3
Where a and t are the width and thickness

Torsional Stiffness C=187500kN.m2

0.000192 0.003456 0.001152 0.000576

𝐅̀ = 0.000144 0.00324 0.001134 0.000574
0.000096 0.002592 0.001008 0.00054
0.000048 0.001512 0.000666 0.000394

4.34E+04 -8.33E+04 6.25E+04 -2.78E+04

-1
F = -6.75E+03 2.01E+04 -2.20E+04 1.08E+04
2.31E+04 -8.33E+04 1.11E+05 -6.48E+04
-1.85E+04 7.41E+04 -1.11E+05 7.41E+04

Flexibility coefficients for core

β2 𝐻 3 sinh 𝛾𝜀 tanh 𝛾
𝜃 = T0 2 {𝜀 − + − 1}
γ 𝛾 cosh 𝛾 𝛾
𝑖
β2 𝐻 4 𝑖!
+ t 𝑖 4 {∑ [ n ((i−n+2)!)2 (𝜀 𝑖−𝑛+2 − 1)
γ γ
𝑛=0
𝑖! sinh 𝛾 − sinh 𝛾𝜀
+
γn−1 (𝑖 − 𝑛 + 1)! cosh 𝛾
𝑖!
+ n (tanh 𝛾 sinh 𝛾𝜀 − cosh 𝛾𝜀
γ (𝑖 − 𝑛)!
𝜋
− tanh 𝛾 sinh 𝛾 + cosh 𝛾𝜀 )] 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)
2
𝑖! 𝛾sinh 𝛾𝜀 tanh 𝛾 𝜋
+ (𝜀 − + − 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑖 + 2) }
γn−1 𝛾 cosh 𝛾 𝛾 2

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 1 GJ0
β2 = γ2 = . H2
𝐸𝐼𝜔 EIω

β²=1.78E-09 (kN.m4) ^-1

ɣ²=3.59

 symmetric core with equal side channels

t

Warping Inertia 𝐈𝛚 :
𝐭𝒃𝟑 𝒍𝟐
𝐈𝛚 =
𝟔

𝐈𝛚 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟔

Torsional constant 𝑱𝟎 :

𝟏
𝑱𝟎 = ∑ 𝒃𝒕𝟑
𝟑

𝑱𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟐𝒎𝟒

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 -1.14E-05 -5.75E-03 -1.53E-02 -6.54E-03
𝐅̀= -7.43E-06 -4.14E-03 -1.08E-02 -3.43E-03
-3.82E-06 -2.40E-03 -8.20E-03 -1.52E-03
-1.11E-06 -7.88E-04 -7.83E-03 -4.10E-04

1534502 -5743296 7004226 -2387989

-1529.27 6644.564 -9396.96 3637.922
𝐅̀ −𝟏 = 15.83212 -82.284 180.6542 -233.951
-1528.96 4394.844 -4410.07 1524.14

Step4. Calculate matrix W” a resultant horizontal shear” for the known

applied loading, at each reference levels.

0
202.5
W= 405
607.5

Step5. Calculate matrix MT “twisting moment” for the known a resultant

horizontal shear, at each reference levels.

0
MT = 3037.5
6075
9112.5

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Step6. Calculate the matrix G1, for the entire set of components from the
summation of the stiffness matrices, as
𝑱
G1=𝒔 ∑𝒋=𝟏 𝑭𝒋 −𝟏

3.23E+06 -9.67E+06 1.26E+07 -1.10E+07

G1= -3.02E+06 9.20E+06 -9.93E+06 4.73E+06
-2.45E+06 5.87E+06 -2.92E+06 -2.78E+06
-9.25E+05 1.25E+06 1.47E+06 -2.54E+06

Step7. Calculate the matrix G2

𝑱
G2= 𝒔 ∑𝒋=𝟏 𝑭𝒋 −𝟏 𝒁𝒋

-5.41E+06 3.97E+06 4.39E+07 -9.99E+07

G2= -6.66E+07 1.86E+08 -1.69E+08 4.50E+07
-6.01E+07 1.52E+08 -1.03E+08 -2.39E+07
-4.13E+07 9.85E+07 -5.45E+07 -2.21E+07

3.85E-07 5.67E-07 -1.08E-06 5.81E-07

2.14E-07 3.25E-07 -6.68E-07 4.19E-07
G2-1 = 8.83E-08 1.41E-07 -3.42E-07 2.59E-07
1.64E-08 4.43E-08 -1.19E-07 9.92E-08

Step8. Calculate the matrix G3

𝑱 −𝟏
G3= 𝒔 ∑𝒋=𝟏{𝑭𝒋 −𝟏 𝒁𝒋 𝟐 + 𝐅̀ 𝒋 }

-8.39E+08 2.05E+09 -8.82E+08 -1.47E+09

-1.84E+09 4.99E+09 -4.22E+09 7.09E+08
G3= -1.71E+09 4.41E+09 -3.17E+09 -3.29E+08
-1.33E+09 3.35E+09 -2.28E+09 -3.06E+08

10
Step8. Calculate the matrix Y “deflection at each reference level”.

−𝟏 −𝟏
𝐘 = [𝐆𝟐 − 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟐 ] [𝐌𝐓 − 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟐 −𝟏 𝐖]

5.52E-03
3.42E-03
𝐘=
1.60E-03
4.01E-04

Step9. Calculate the matrix 𝛉 “rotation of the structure at each

reference level”.
−𝟏
𝛉 = [𝑮𝟐 − 𝑮𝟏 𝐆𝟐 −𝟏 𝑮𝟑 ] [𝑾 − 𝑮𝟏 𝐆𝟐 −𝟏 𝐌𝐓 ]

-1.67E-04
𝛉= -6.60E-05
-1.64E-08
1.27E-05

Step10.The loads on each assembly.

Loads for rigid core

-173.121
𝐩𝐣=𝟏 = -0.17396
79.61799
-22.4479

Loads for shear wall

63.47468
𝐩𝐣=𝟐 = 11.52561
-42.8018
17.27954

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Loads for rigid frame

34.17777

𝐩𝐣=𝟑 = 0.021911
-0.04453
-2.84684

Loads for rigid frame

-7.46888
𝐩𝐣=𝟒 = -1.09311
15.70155
-19.4842

Loads for Coupled Shear Wall

82.93787
12.21954
𝐩𝐣=𝟓 = -52.4732
27.49938

Step11.The shear on each assembly.

Shear for rigid core

-173.121445
𝐐𝐣=𝟏 = -89.3258524
148.3563171
514.6711734

Shear for single shear wall

63.47467894
𝐐𝐣=𝟐 = 122.2930945
104.2469473
28.77571972

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Shear for rigid frame

34.17776735
33.79109
𝑸𝐣=𝟑 = 30.10153595
19.90641388

Shear for rigid frame

-7.4688766
𝐐𝐣=𝟒 = -3.29587759
14.28590527
23.35677411

Shear for Coupled Shear Wall

8.29E+01
𝐐𝐣=𝟓 = 1.39E+02
1.08E+02
2.08E+01

Step12.The moments on each assembly

Moment for rigid core

-2505.0717
𝐌𝐣=𝟏 = -1249.3658
2314.6217
7808.0658

Moment for single shear wall

-6.7642537
-6.0236704
𝐌𝐣=𝟐 =
-2.5687769
0.560408

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Moment for rigid frame

205.0666
𝐌𝐣=𝟑 = 202.74654
180.60922
119.43848

Moment for rigid frame

-179.25304
-79.101062
𝐌𝐣=𝟒 = 342.86173
560.56258

Moment for Coupled Shear Wall

2486.0224
𝐌𝐣=𝟓 = 4169.244
3239.4761
623.87269

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