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  • Propuesta de Salida Aventureros

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    fia c.l
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    Executive Summary The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that whole diesel exhaust be regarded as a "potential occupational carcinogen," and that reductions in workplace exposure would reduce carcinogenic risks. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has recently adopted new approval and certification regulations for diesel equipment, and proposed more stringent air quality regulations including a proposal to regulate diesel particulate matter (PM). In 1995, MSHA convened a committee to recommend regulations to minimize DPM exposure and consider a possible permissible exposure limit for PM, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists added PM to the List of Intended Changes for 1995-96 with a threshold limit value (TLVTM) recommendation of 0.15 mg/m3. If MSHA were to adopt this TLVTM for underground mines many mines using diesel equipment in the U. S. would be out of compliance. Typical mean concentrations of DPM in mines range from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/m3. This TLVTM would impose limitations on the current and future use of diesel equipment unless improved emission control strategies are developed for the mining industry. Biodiesel is a common term for a number of different alkyl mono-esters of fatty acids that can be used as diesel fuel or blended with petroleum diesel fuels. Neat biodiesel fuels and blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuels can be used to lower PM-emissions. The fuel-bound oxygen of biodiesel fuels considerably reduces the formation of the carbon-soot constituents of PM. The prices of likely biodiesel fuels are higher and more volatile than petroleum diesel fuels. Biodiesel fuels offers the potential for substantially reducing PM-emissions without the need for miner training, or the maintenance and replacement of hardware required by other PM-emissions control strategies. For that reason, the National Biodiesel Board initiated a project with the University of Minnesota - Center for Diesel Research to compare the costs of using a common, neat biodiesel fuel and biodiesel fuel blends to the costs of using other types of emissions controls in underground mines. The overall objective of this project was to compare the cost of using neat biodiesel fuel and blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel to the cost of using other emission controls that may be used in underground mines. The specific goals were to evaluate the equipment life cycle costs of converting mine equipment to different types of emission controls, and to develop two case study examples of the net present value costs of converting mining equipment to biodiesel and emission controls. This report reviews emission control technology for underground diesel-powered equipment, and compares the life cycle costs of using emission controls and biodiesel and biodiesel blends for ten mine vehicles. It also gives the results from two discounted cost analyses of using biodiesel and emission controls in a metal mine and a coal mine. The equipment life cycle analyses indicated that biodiesel at $1.50/gal may be a viable PMcontrol strategy for light-duty nonpermissible equipment, and some types of permissible equipment. It does not look competitive on heavy-duty nonpermissible equipment. The use of 4 exhaust filters for PM-control will result in ambient PM reductions exceeding 65%, and mine operators would need to use straight biodiesel with catalytic converters to get comparable reductions. Based on the discounted cost analyses, it appears that biodiesel will need to fall below $2.00/gal to be competitive with filters for coal mines, and below $1.25/gal for metal mines. However, biodiesel has advantages that filters do not. The use of biodiesel in mines would be easy to implement, and would not require miner training. There are no new maintenance procedures introduced, whereas machines are pulled out of production to replace, regenerate, or perform maintenan

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    Executive Summary The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that whole diesel exhaust be regarded as a "potential occupational carcinogen," and that reductions in workplace exposure would reduce carcinogenic risks. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has recently adopted new approval and certification regulations for diesel equipment, and proposed more stringent air quality regulations including a proposal to regulate diesel particulate matter (PM). In 1995, MSHA convened a committee to recommend regulations to minimize DPM exposure and consider a possible permissible exposure limit for PM, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists added PM to the List of Intended Changes for 1995-96 with a threshold limit value (TLVTM) recommendation of 0.15 mg/m3. If MSHA were to adopt this TLVTM for underground mines many mines using diesel equipment in the U. S. would be out of compliance. Typical mean concentrations of DPM in mines range from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/m3. This TLVTM would impose limitations on the current and future use of diesel equipment unless improved emission control strategies are developed for the mining industry. Biodiesel is a common term for a number of different alkyl mono-esters of fatty acids that can be used as diesel fuel or blended with petroleum diesel fuels. Neat biodiesel fuels and blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuels can be used to lower PM-emissions. The fuel-bound oxygen of biodiesel fuels considerably reduces the formation of the carbon-soot constituents of PM. The prices of likely biodiesel fuels are higher and more volatile than petroleum diesel fuels. Biodiesel fuels offers the potential for substantially reducing PM-emissions without the need for miner training, or the maintenance and replacement of hardware required by other PM-emissions control strategies. For that reason, the National Biodiesel Board initiated a project with the University of Minnesota - Center for Diesel Research to compare the costs of using a common, neat biodiesel fuel and biodiesel fuel blends to the costs of using other types of emissions controls in underground mines. The overall objective of this project was to compare the cost of using neat biodiesel fuel and blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel to the cost of using other emission controls that may be used in underground mines. The specific goals were to evaluate the equipment life cycle costs of converting mine equipment to different types of emission controls, and to develop two case study examples of the net present value costs of converting mining equipment to biodiesel and emission controls. This report reviews emission control technology for underground diesel-powered equipment, and compares the life cycle costs of using emission controls and biodiesel and biodiesel blends for ten mine vehicles. It also gives the results from two discounted cost analyses of using biodiesel and emission controls in a metal mine and a coal mine. The equipment life cycle analyses indicated that biodiesel at $1.50/gal may be a viable PMcontrol strategy for light-duty nonpermissible equipment, and some types of permissible equipment. It does not look competitive on heavy-duty nonpermissible equipment. The use of 4 exhaust filters for PM-control will result in ambient PM reductions exceeding 65%, and mine operators would need to use straight biodiesel with catalytic converters to get comparable reductions. Based on the discounted cost analyses, it appears that biodiesel will need to fall below $2.00/gal to be competitive with filters for coal mines, and below $1.25/gal for metal mines. However, biodiesel has advantages that filters do not. The use of biodiesel in mines would be easy to implement, and would not require miner training. There are no new maintenance procedures introduced, whereas machines are pulled out of production to replace, regenerate, or perform maintenan

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    Propuesta de Salida Aventureros

    Загружено:

    fia c.l
    Executive Summary The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that whole diesel exhaust be regarded as a "potential occupational carcinogen," and that reductions in workplace exposure would reduce carcinogenic risks. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has recently adopted new approval and certification regulations for diesel equipment, and proposed more stringent air quality regulations including a proposal to regulate diesel particulate matter (PM). In 1995, MSHA convened a committee to recommend regulations to minimize DPM exposure and consider a possible permissible exposure limit for PM, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists added PM to the List of Intended Changes for 1995-96 with a threshold limit value (TLVTM) recommendation of 0.15 mg/m3. If MSHA were to adopt this TLVTM for underground mines many mines using diesel equipment in the U. S. would be out of compliance. Typical mean concentrations of DPM in mines range from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/m3. This TLVTM would impose limitations on the current and future use of diesel equipment unless improved emission control strategies are developed for the mining industry. Biodiesel is a common term for a number of different alkyl mono-esters of fatty acids that can be used as diesel fuel or blended with petroleum diesel fuels. Neat biodiesel fuels and blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuels can be used to lower PM-emissions. The fuel-bound oxygen of biodiesel fuels considerably reduces the formation of the carbon-soot constituents of PM. The prices of likely biodiesel fuels are higher and more volatile than petroleum diesel fuels. Biodiesel fuels offers the potential for substantially reducing PM-emissions without the need for miner training, or the maintenance and replacement of hardware required by other PM-emissions control strategies. For that reason, the National Biodiesel Board initiated a project with the University of Minnesota - Center for Diesel Research to compare the costs of using a common, neat biodiesel fuel and biodiesel fuel blends to the costs of using other types of emissions controls in underground mines. The overall objective of this project was to compare the cost of using neat biodiesel fuel and blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel to the cost of using other emission controls that may be used in underground mines. The specific goals were to evaluate the equipment life cycle costs of converting mine equipment to different types of emission controls, and to develop two case study examples of the net present value costs of converting mining equipment to biodiesel and emission controls. This report reviews emission control technology for underground diesel-powered equipment, and compares the life cycle costs of using emission controls and biodiesel and biodiesel blends for ten mine vehicles. It also gives the results from two discounted cost analyses of using biodiesel and emission controls in a metal mine and a coal mine. The equipment life cycle analyses indicated that biodiesel at $1.50/gal may be a viable PMcontrol strategy for light-duty nonpermissible equipment, and some types of permissible equipment. It does not look competitive on heavy-duty nonpermissible equipment. The use of 4 exhaust filters for PM-control will result in ambient PM reductions exceeding 65%, and mine operators would need to use straight biodiesel with catalytic converters to get comparable reductions. Based on the discounted cost analyses, it appears that biodiesel will need to fall below $2.00/gal to be competitive with filters for coal mines, and below $1.25/gal for metal mines. However, biodiesel has advantages that filters do not. The use of biodiesel in mines would be easy to implement, and would not require miner training. There are no new maintenance procedures introduced, whereas machines are pulled out of production to replace, regenerate, or perform maintenan

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    1° PROPUESTA DE SALIDA CLUB ECOLOGICO “AVENTUREROS ESCLERÓFILOS”

    FECHA Domingo 17 de Diciembre 2017


    Responsables de la salida Claudio Rojas Suárez, Ángela Fuentealba

    Horario 10:30 a 18:00horas


    Lugar Estero El Sauce sector entre el Toyo y San Alfonso del Cajón
    del Maipo
    Tipo e Trekking- recreativo-familiar Trekking, recreativo, familiar

    Requerimientos técnicos Bajos


    Requerimientos físicos Medianos ( indispensable contar con estado físico y salud
    para caminar 2.1/2 horas de subida y 2.horas de bajada,
    (aproximadamente)
    Desnivel Acumulado 562 metros
    Altura mínima 999 metros
    Altura máxima 1.300 metros
    Distancia total a recorrer 8 Km. Aproximadamente
    Características de la zona Placentera caminata con pendiente moderada entre el
    bosque esclerófilo. Y una bonita vista bordeando y
    cruzando el estero El Sauce, llegando hasta la cascada.

    Equipo Equipo Personal Obligatorio:


    Bastones de trekking, ropa deportiva ad hoc a la actividad,
    zapatillas o zapatos de trekking. Protección para la cabeza,
    lentes, bloqueador solar, traje de baño, si desean.

    Alimentación Ración de marcha más comida para almorzar en el cerro,

    Hidratación Dos litros de agua por persona


    Temperatura probable Se pronostica sobre 30°
    Transporte Vehículos de los participantes
    Valor $ 7.000 p/p incluye entrada y aporte voluntario.

    Puntos de reunión Estación de Servicio Petrobras. Metro Estación,


    “Trinidad”, Línea 4, saliendo del metro, al costado de la
    vereda poniente en toda la esquina se encuentra el
    servicentro. Sector Farmacia Cruz Verde.

    Cupos 10 personas máximo a quienes se les darán las instrucciones


    especificaciones de detalle como medidas de seguridad,
    equipo, etc.

    Observaciones Trekking Recreativo, el cual comprende cuidado del medio


    ambiente e integración grupal.
    Se extiende esta invitación a todos para compartir una
    jornada al aire libre educativa y recreativa.

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