Name : Akhmad Faeda Insani

Class : IK-2B

Topics : Boiling Point of Water

Assalamualaikum wr.wb

good afternoon my friends , on this occasion I will be presenting about “boiling point of

water”. First let me introduce myself. My name is Akhmad Faeda Insani. I’m 19 years old

and now I’m study in politechnic state of Semarang.

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid

equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid.

A liquid in a vacuum has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric

pressure. A liquid at high-pressure has a higher boiling point than when that liquid is at

atmospheric pressure. In other words, the boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the

surrounding environmental pressure. For a given pressure, different liquids boil at different

temperatures.

The normal boiling point (also called the atmospheric boiling point or the atmospheric

pressure boiling point) of a liquid is the special case in which the vapor pressure of the liquid

equals the defined atmospheric pressure at sea level, 1 atmosphere. At that temperature, the

vapor pressure of the liquid becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and allow

bubbles of vapor to form inside the bulk of the liquid. The standard boiling point is now (as

of 1982) defined by IUPAC as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of 1

bar.
The heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert or vaporize a saturated

liquid (i.e., a liquid at its boiling point) into a vapor.

Liquids may change to a vapor at temperatures below their boiling points through the process

of evaporation. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon in which molecules located near the

liquid's edge, not contained by enough liquid pressure on that side, escape into the

surroundings as vapor. On the other hand, boiling is a process in which molecules anywhere

in the liquid escape, resulting in the formation of vapor bubbles within the liquid.

A saturated liquid contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling (or conversely a

saturated vapor contains as little thermal energy as it can without condensing).

Saturation temperature means boiling point. The saturation temperature is the temperature for

a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase. The liquid

can be said to be saturated with thermal energy. Any addition of thermal energy results in a

phase transition.

If the pressure in a system remains constant (isobaric), a vapor at saturation temperature will

begin to condense into its liquid phase as thermal energy (heat) is removed. Similarly, a

liquid at saturation temperature and pressure will boil into its vapor phase as additional

thermal energy is applied.

Saturation pressure is the pressure for a corresponding saturation temperature at which a

liquid boils into its vapor phase. Saturation pressure and saturation temperature have a direct

relationship: as saturation pressure is increased so is saturation temperature.

The element with the lowest boiling point is helium. Both the boiling points of rhenium and

tungsten exceed 5000 K at standard pressure; because it is difficult to measure extreme

temperatures precisely without bias, both have been cited in the literature as having the

higher boiling point.

As can be seen from the above plot of the logarithm of the vapor pressure vs. the temperature

for any given pure chemical compound, its normal boiling point can serve as an indication of

that compound's overall volatility. A given pure compound has only one normal boiling

point, if any, and a compound's normal boiling point and melting point can serve as

characteristic physical properties for that compound, listed in reference books. The higher a

compound's normal boiling point, the less volatile that compound is overall, and conversely,

the lower a compound's normal boiling point, the more volatile that compound is overall.

Some compounds decompose at higher temperatures before reaching their normal boiling

point, or sometimes even their melting point. For a stable compound, the boiling point ranges

from its triple point to its critical point, depending on the external pressure. Beyond its triple

point, a compound's normal boiling point, if any, is higher than its melting point. Beyond the

critical point, a compound's liquid and vapor phases merge together into one phase, which

may be called a superheated gas. At any given temperature, if a compound's normal boiling

point is lower, then that compound will generally exist as a gas at atmospheric external

pressure. If the compound's normal boiling point is higher, then that compound can exist as a

liquid or solid at that given temperature at atmospheric external pressure, and will so exist in

equilibrium with its vapor (if volatile) if its vapors are contained. If a compound's vapors are

not contained, then some volatile compounds can eventually evaporate away in spite of their

lower highing points.