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Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military
general who rose to prominence in the French Revolution, becoming the ruler of
France as First Consul of the French Republic (11 November 1799 - 18 May 1804),
and then Emperor of the French and King of Italy under the name Napoleon I (18
May 1804 - 6 April 1814, and again briefly from 20 March - 22 June 1815).
Contents
Quotes
Memoirs of Napoleon (1829-1831)
Political Aphorisms, Moral and Philosophical Thoughts(1848)
Napoleon : In His Own Words(1916)
Attributed The true character of man ever
Misattributed displays itself in great events.
About
External links
Quotes
Send me 300 francs; that sum will enable me to go to Paris. There,
at least, one can cut a figure and surmount obstacles. Everything
tells me I shall succeed. Will you prevent me from doing so for the
want of 100 crowns?
All great events hang by a hair. The man of ability takes advantage of everything and neglects nothing that
can give him a chance of success; whilst the less able man sometimes loses everything by neglecting a
single one of those chances.
Letter to Minister of Foreign Affairs, Passariano (26 September 1797), as quoted inNapoleon as a General
(1902) by Maximilian Yorck von Wartenburg, p. 269
From the heights of these pyramids, forty centuries look down on us.
Speech to his troops in Egypt (21 July 1798) Variant translation: "Soldiers, from the summit of yonder pyramids
forty centuries look down upon you...". Published in the autobiography of French general Eugène de
Beauharnais.
I do not care to play the part ofMonk; I will not play it myself, and I
do not choose that others shall do so.But those Paris lawyers who
have got into the Directory understand nothing of government. They are
poor creatures. I am going to see what they want to do at Rastadt; but I
doubt much that we shall understand each other , or long agree together.
They are jealous of me, I know, and notwithstanding all their flattery, I
am not their dupe; they fear more than they love me. They were in a
great hurry to make me General of the army of England, so that they
might get me out of Italy, where I am the master, and am more of a My waking thoughts are all of thee...
sovereign than commander of an army. They will see how things go on
when I am not there. I am leavingBerthier, but he is not fit for the chief
command, and, I predict, will only make blunders. As for myself, my
dear Miot, I may inform you, I can no longer obey; I have tasted
command, and I cannot give it up. I have made up my mind, if I cannot
be master I shall leave France; I do not choose to have done so much
for her and then hand her over to lawyers.
I hope the time is not far off when I shall be able to unite allthe wise and
educated men of all the countries and establish a uniform regime based
on the principles of theQuran which alone are true and which alone can
lead men to happiness.
A form of government that is not the result of a long sequence of shared experiences, efforts, and
endeavors can never take root.
Speaking about troubles in the invasions of Russia (10 December 1812), as recorded by Abbé du Pradt, and
quoted in History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in 1789, to the Restoration of the
Bourbons in 1815, Vol. 3 (1842) by Sir Archibald Alison, p. 593
Variant translations:
There is but one step from the sublime to the ridiculous.
There is only one step from the sublime to the ridiculous.
If the art of war were nothing but the art of avoiding risks,glory
would become the prey of mediocre minds.... I have made all the
calculations; fate will do the rest.
Unite for the public safety, if you would remain an independent nation.
Wherever wood can swim, there I am sure to find this flag of England.
Statement on his relations with the Empress Josephine (19 May 1816), quoted in
The Story of Civilization(1935)
by Will Durant and Ariel Durant, p. 234
I may have had many projects, but I never was free to carry out any
of them. It did me little good to be holding the helm; no matter how
strong my hands, the sudden and numerous waves were stronger still,
and I was wise enough to yield to them rather than resist them
obstinately and make the ship founder. Thus I never was truly my own
master but was always ruled by circumstances.
Letter from St. Helena (28 August 1817); as quoted inThe St.
Helena Journal of General Baron Gourgaud, 1815-1818 : Being a
Diary written at St. Helena during a part of Napoleon's Captivity
(1932) as translated by Norman Edwards, a translation ofJournal de
Sainte-Hélène 1815-1818by General Gaspard Gourgaud, t.2, p. 226
Statement of 1817 quoted inPrécis des guerres de César, écrit à Sainte-Hélène sous la dictée de l'empereur
(1836) edited by Comte Marchand, p. 237. This work was written by Napoleon during his exile on St. Helena.
Translated by Ziad Elmarsafy inThe Enlightenment Qur'an.
Muhammad was a prince; he rallied his compatriots around him. In a few years, the Muslims conquered half of the
world. They plucked more souls from false gods, knocked down more idols, razed more pagan temples in fifteen
years than the followers of Moses and Jesus did in fifteen centuries. Muhammad was a great man. He would indeed
have been a god, if the revolution that he had performed had not been prepared by the circumstances.
Our hour is marked, and no one can claim a moment of life beyond what fate has predestined.
Ordinary men died, men of iron were taken prisoner: I only brought
back with me men of bronze.
Letter to his brother, as quoted in The Age of Napoleon (2002) by J. Christopher Herold, p. 8
Depuis le premier jour jusqu'au dernier, il est le même, toujours le même, majestueux et simple , infiniment sévère et
infiniment doux ; dans un commerce de vie pour ainsi dire public, Jésus ne donne jamais de prise à la moindre
critique; sa conduite si prudente ravit l'admiration par un mélange de force et de douceur
.
Sentiment de Napoléon sur la divinité de Jésus-Christ(1841), p. 59. Translated: "From first day to h
t e last, he is
the same, always the same, majestic and simple, extremely severe and extremely mild in the business of public
life, so to speak, Jesus does not hold to any criticism, his prudent manner so delighted admiration by a mixture of
strength and gentleness".
I am a monarch of God's creation, and you reptiles of theearth dare not oppose me. I render an account of
my government to none save God andJesus Christ.
Addressing members of the Catholic clergy assembled during ‘Bonaparte's Conference with the Catholic and
Protestant clergy at Breda,’ May 1, 1810 (originally reported in the Gazette ofDorpt), as quoted in The life of
Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of the French: with a preliminary view of the French revolution , Sir Walter Scott,
Philadelphia: Leary & Getz, 1857,p. 91
Variant translation: God placed me on the throne, and you reptiles of the earth dare oppose me. I owe no
account of my administration to the pope,— only to God and Jesus Christ.
The true conquests, the only ones that cause no regret, are those made over ignorance.
Memoirs of Napoleon was published in 10 volumes (1829-1831) byLouis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourriennewho
from 1797 to 1802 had been a private secretary to Napoleon.
p. 30
p. 146
The greater the man, the less is he opinionative, he depends upon events and circumstances.
p. 146
p. 242
A constitution should be framed so as not to impede the action of government, nor force the government to its
violation.
p. 246
p. 246
Hereditary succession to the magistracy is absurd, as it tends to make a property of it; it is incompatible with the
sovereignty of the people.
p. 246
p. 248
p. 248
Sometimes a great example is necessary to all the public functionaries of the state.
p. 248
A great reserve and severity of manners are necessary for the command of those who are older than ourselves.
A king is sometimes obliged to commit crimes; but they are the crimes of his position.
A King should sacrifice the best affections of his heart for the good of his country; no sacrifice should be above his
determination.
Many a one commits a reprehensible action, who is at bottom an honourable man, because man seldom acts upon
natural impulse, but from some secret passion of the moment which lies hidden and concealed within the narrowest
folds of his heart.
Napoleon : In His Own Words(1916) edited by Jules Bertaut, as translated by Herbert Edward Law and Charles
Lincoln Rhodes
Ch. I : On Success
There are only two forces that unite men — fear and interest.All
great revolutions originate in fear, for the play of interests does not lead
to accomplishment.
The man fitted for affairs and authority never considers individuals, but things and their consequences.
Destiny urges me to a goal of which I am ignorant. Until that goal is attained I am invulnerable, unassailable.
When Destiny has accomplished her purpose in me, a fly may suffice to destroy me.
Men have their virtues and their vices, their heroisms and their perversities; men are neither wholly good nor wholly
bad, but possess and practice all that there is of good and bad here below . Such is the general rule. Temperament,
education, the accidents of life, are modifying factors. Outside of this, everything is ordered arrangement, everything
is chance. Such has been my rule of expectation and it has usually brought me success.
Whatever misanthropists may say, ingrates and the perverse are exceptions in the human species.
The great mass of society are far from being depraved; for if a large majority were criminal or inclined to break the
laws, where would the force or power be to prevent or constrain them? And herein is the real blessing of civilization,
because this happy result has its origin in her bosom, growing out of her very nature.
What are we? What is the future? What is the past? What magic fluid envelops us and hides from us the things it is
most important for us to know?We are born, we live, and we die in the midst of the marvelous.
To do all that one is able to do, is to be a man; to do all that one would like to do, would be to be a god.
Man achieves in life only by commanding the capabilities nature has given him, or by creating them within himself by
education and by knowing how to profit by the dif
ficulties encountered.
It is a mistake, too, to say that the face is the mirror of the soul.The truth is, men are very hard to know, and yet,
not to be deceived, we must judge them by their present actions, but for the present only .
It is not true that men never change; they change for the worse, as well as for the better
. It is not true they are
ungrateful; more often the benefactor rates his favors higher than their worth; and often too he does not allow for
circumstances. If few men have the moral force to resist impulses, most men do carry within themselves the germs
of virtues as well as of vices, of heroism as well as of cowardice. Such is human nature — education and
circumstances do the rest.
Ordinarily men exercise their memory much more than their judgment.
True character stands the test of emergencies. Do not be mistaken, it is weakness from which the awakening is
rude.
How many seemingly impossible things have been accomplished by resolute men because they had to do, or die.
The fool has one great advantage over a man of sense — he is always satisfied with himself.
Simpletons talk of the past, wise men of the present, and fools of the future.
One must learn to forgive and not to hold a hostile, bitter attitude of mind, which fends
of those about us and prevents
us from enjoying ourselves; one must recognize human shortcomings and adjust himself to them rather than to be
constantly finding fault with them.
It is not necessary to prohibit or encourage oddities of conduct which are not harmful.
In politics nothing is immutable. Events carry within them an invincible power . The unwise destroy themselves
in resistance. The skillful accept events, take strong hold of them and direct them.
It is only with prudence, sagacity, and much dexterity that great aims are accomplished, and all obstacles
surmounted. Otherwise nothing is accomplished.
The great difficulty with politics is, that there are no established principles.
Lead the ideas of your time and they will accompany and support you; fall behind them and they drag you
along with them; oppose them and they will overwhelm you.
There is no such thing as an absolute despotism; it is only relative. A man cannot wholly free himself from obligation
to his fellows. A sultan who cut off heads from caprice, would quickly lose his own in the same way
. Excesses tend
to check themselves by reason of their own violence. What the ocean gains in one place it loses in another.
We are made weak both by idleness and distrust of ourselves. Unfortunate, indeed, is he who suf
fers from both. If he
is a mere individual he becomes nothing; if he is a king he is lost.
The most difficult art is not in the choice of men, but in giving to the men chosen the highest service of which they
are capable.
Posterity alone rightly judges kings. Posterity alone has the right to accord or withhold honors.
Some revolutions are inevitable. There are moral eruptions, just as the outbreak of volcanoes are physical eruptions.
When the chemical combinations which produce them are complete, the volcanic eruptions burst forth, just as
revolutions do when the moral factors are in the right state. In order to foresee them the trend of ideas must be
understandingly observed.
One can lead a nation only by helping it see a bright outlook. A leader is a dealer in hope.
Democracy may become frenzied, but it has feelings and can be moved. As for aristocracy
, it is always cold and
never forgives.
To listen to the interests of all, marks an ordinary government; to foresee them, marks a great government.
Peace ought to be the result of a system well considered, founded on the true interests of the ferent
dif countries,
honorable to each, and ought not to be either a capitulation or the result of a threat.
All men of genius, and all those who have gained rank in the republic of letters, are brothers, whatever may be the
land of their nativity.
It must be recognized that the real truths of history are hard to discover
. Happily, for the most part, they are rather
matters of curiosity than of real importance.
Dante has not deigned to take his inspiration from any other . He has wished to be himself, himself alone; in
a word, to create. He has occupied a vast space, and has filled it with the superiority of a sublime mind. He is
diverse, strong, and gracious. He has imagination, warmth, and enthusiasm. He makes his reader tremble, shed
tears, feel the thrill of honor in a way that is the height of art. Severe and menacing, he has terrible imprecations for
crime, scourgings for vice, sorrow for misfortune. As a citizen, af fected by the laws of the republic, he thunders
against its oppressors, but he is always ready to excuse his native city , Florence is ever to him his sweet, beloved
country, dear to his heart. I am envious for my dear France, that she has never produced a rival to Dante; that this
Colossus has not had his equal among us. No, there is no reputation which can be compared to his.
The division of labor, which has brought such perfection in mechanical industries, is altogether fatal when applied to
productions of the mind. All work of the mind is superior in proportion as the mind that produces it is universal.
Ch. VI : Administration
Laws which are consistent in theory often prove chaotic in practice.
The existence of God is attested by everything that appeals to our imagination. And if our eye cannot reach Him it is
because He has not permitted our intelligence to go so far
.
Charity and alms are recommended in every chapter of theKoran as being the most acceptable services, both to
God and the Prophet.
The religious zeal which animates priests, leads them to undertake labors and to brave perils which would be far
beyond the powers of one in secular employment.
Conscience is the most sacred thing among men.Every man has within him a still small voice, which tells him
that nothing on earth can oblige him to believe that which he does not believe. The worst of all tyrannies is that which
obliges eighteen-twentieths of a nation to embrace a religion contrary to their beliefs, under penalty of being denied
their rights as citizens and of owning property
, which, in effect, is the same thing as being without a country
.
Policemen and prisons ought never to be the means used to bring men back to the practice of religion.
You cannot drag a man's conscience before any tribunal, and no one is answerable for his religious opinions to any
power on earth.
The populace judges of the power of God by the power of the priests.
I do not see in religion the mystery of the incarnation so much as the mystery of the social order
. It introduces into
the thought of heaven an idea of equalization, which saves the rich from being massacred by the poor .
Often paraphrased as “Religion keeps the poor from killing the rich.”
Man loves the marvelous. It has an irresistible charm for him. He is always ready to leave that with which he is
familiar to pursue vain inventions. He lends himself to his own deception.
Our credulity is a part of the imperfection of our natures. It is inherent in us to desire to generalize, when we
ought, on the contrary, to guard ourselves very carefully from this tendency.
Unhappy the general who comes on the field of battle with a system.
It is often in the audacity, in the steadfastness, of the general that the safety and the conservation of his men
is found.
The military principles ofCaesar were those of Hannibal, and those of Hannibal were those ofAlexander — to hold
his forces in hand, not to be vulnerable at any point, to throw all his forces with rapidity on any given point.
A commander in chief ought to say to himself several times a day: If the enemy should appear on my front, on my
right, on my left, what would I do? And if the question finds him uncertain, he is not well placed, he is not as he
should be, and he should remedy it.
At the beginning of a campaign it is important to consider whether or not to move forward; but when one
has taken the offensive it is necessary to maintain it to the last extremity. However skilfully effected a retreat
may be, it always lessens the morale of an army
, since in losing the chances of success, they are remitted to the
enemy. A retreat, moreover, costs much more in men and materials than the bloodiest eng agements, with this
difference, also, that in a battle the enemy loses practically as much as you do; while in a retreat you lose and he
does not.
Changing from the defensive to the offensive, is one of the most delicate operations in war
.
In a battle, as in a siege, the art consists in concentrating very heavy fire on a particular point. The line of
battle once established, the one who has the ability to concentrate an unlooked for mass of artillery suddenly and
unexpectedly on one of these points is sure to carry the day
.
War is a serious game in which a man risks his reputation, his troops, and his country
. A sensible man will search
himself to know whether or not he is fitted for the trade.
There is only one favorable moment in war; talent consists in knowing how to seize it.
He who cannot look over a battlefield with a dry eye, causes the death of many men uselessly
.
In war, theory is all right so far as general principles are concerned; but in reducing general principles to practice
there will always be danger. Theory and practice are the axis about which the sphere of accomplishment revolves.
The secret of great battles consists in knowing how to deploy and concentrate at the right time.
The art of war consists in being always able, even with an inferior army
, to have stronger forces than the enemy at
the point of attack or the point which is attacked.
The praises of enemies are always to be suspected. A man of honor will not permit himself to be flattered by them,
except when they are given after the cessation of hostilities.
The most desirable quality in a soldier is constancy in the support of fatigue; valor is only secondary
.
Gentleness, good treatment, honor the victor and dishonor the vanquished, who should remain aloof and owe
nothing to pity — In war, audacity is the finest calculation of genius.
In civil war it is not given to every man to know how to conduct himself. There is something more than military
prudence necessary; there is need of sagacity and the knowledge of men.
Nothing is so contrary to military rules as to make the strength of your army known, either in the orders of
the day, in proclamations, or in the newspapers.
Achilles was the son of a goddess and of a mortal; in that, he is the image of the genius of war . The divine part is all
that that is derived from moral considerations of character , talent, the interest of your adversary, of opinion, of the
temper of the soldier, which is strong and victorious, or feeble and beaten, according as he believes this divine part
to be. The mortal part is the arms, the fortifications, the order of battle — everything which arises out of material
things.
In war, character and opinion make more than half of the reality.
That dependable courage, which in spite of the most sudden circumstances, nevertheless allows freedom of mind, of
judgment and of decision, is exceedingly rare.
War is becoming an anachronism; if we have battled in every part of the continent it was because two opposing
social orders were facing each other, the one which dates from 1789, and the old regime. They could not exist
together; the younger devoured the other . I know very well, that, in the final reckoning, it was war that overthrew me,
me the representative of the French Revolution, and the instrument of its principles. But no matter! The battle was
lost for civilization, and civilization will inevitably take its revenge. There are two systems, the past and the future.
The present is only a painful transition. Which must triumph? The future, will it not?es Y indeed, the future! That is,
intelligence, industry, and peace. The past was brute force, privilege, and ignorance. Each of our victories was a
triumph for the ideas of the Revolution.Victories will be won, one of these days, without cannon, and without
bayonets.
It is not that addresses at the opening of a battle make the soldiers brave. The old veterans scarcely hear
them, and recruits forget them at the first boom of the cannon.Their usefulness lies in their effect on the course
of the campaign, in neutralizing rumors and false reports, in maintaining a good spirit in the camp, and in furnishing
matter for camp-fire talk. The printed order of the day should fulfill these dif
ferent ends.
What are the conditions that make for the superiority of an army? Its internal organization, military habits inficers
of
and men, the confidence of each in themselves; that is to say, bravery, patience, and all that is contained in the idea
of moral means.
The issue of a battle is the result of an instant, of a thought.There is the advance, with its various combinations,
the battle is joined, the struggle goes on a certain time, the decisive moment presents itself, a spark of genius
discloses it, and the smallest body of reserves accomplish victory .
A man who has no consideration for the needs of his men ought never to be given command.
To plan to reserve cavalry for the finish of thebattle, is to have no conception of the power of combined infantry and
cavalry charges, either for attack or for defense.
The general of the sea has need of only one science, that of navigation. The one on land has need of all, or of a
talent which is the equivalent of all, that will enable him to profit by all experience, and all knowledge. A general of
the sea has nothing to divine. He knows where his enemy is, he knows his strength. A general on land never knows
anything with certainty, never sees his enemywell, and never knows positively where he is.
In order not to be astonished at obtaining victories, one ought not to think only of defeats.
My most splendid campaign was that of March 20; not a single shot was fired.
Ch. IX : Sociology
The sentiment of national honor is never more than half extinguished in the French. It takes only a spark to re-kindle
it.
Europe is a molehill. It has never had any great empires, like those of the Orient, numbering six hundred million
souls.
Europe has its history, often tragic, though atintervals consoling. But to speak of any universally recognized national
rights or that these rights have played any part in its history
, is to play with the powers of public credulity . Always the
first duty of a state has been its safety; the pledge of its safety
, its power; and the limits of its power, that intelligence
of which each has been made the depository . When the great powers have proclaimed any other principle, it has
been only for their own purposes, and the smaller powers have never received any benefit from it.
Each state claims the right to control interests foreign to itself when those interests are such that it can
control them without putting its own interests in danger. … other powers only recognize this right of
intervening in proportion as the country doing it has the power to do it.
Attributed
You must not fear death, my lads; defy him, and you drive him into the enemy's ranks.
As quoted in Dictionary of Quotations from Ancient and Modern English and Foreign Sources
(1899) by Rev.
James Wood, p. 567
Waterloo will wipe out the memory of my fortyvictories; but that which nothing
can wipe out is my Civil Code. That will live forever.
If I were an Englishman, I should esteem the man who advised a war with
China to be the greatest living enemy of my country. You would be beaten in Morality has nothing to do with
the end, and perhaps a revolution in India would follow
. such a man as I am.
Reported as being from an 1817 conversation inThe Mind of Napoleon, ed.
and trans. J. Christopher Herold (1955), p. 249. Reported as unverified in
Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations(1989).
As quoted in Have You Ever Noticed? : The Wit and Irony of Every Day Life (1985) by Joe Moore
Italian saying, quoted by Bonaparte during thefirst Italian campaign to highlight the financial dependence of the
Directoire on the plunder from the Army of Italy, according to Lucian S. Regenbogen,Napoléon a dit :
aphorismes, citations et opinions, p. 82.
Money has no motherland; financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object is gain.
Attributed in Monarchy or Money Power(1933), by R. McNair Wilson. No primary source for this is known.
I am the instrument of providence, she will use me as long as I accomplish her designs, then she will break
me like a glass.
As quoted in The Linguist and the Emperor : Napoleon and Champollion's Quest to Decipher the Rosetta Stone
(2004) by Daniel Meyerson
If I had succeeded, I would have been the greatest man known to history
.
As quoted in The Tyrants : 2500 Years of Absolute Power and Corruption(2006) by Clive Foss ISBN 1905204965
You call these baubles, well, it is with baublesthat men are led… Do you think that you would be able to make men
fight by reasoning? Never. That is only good for the scholar in his study. The soldier needs glory, distinctions, and
rewards.
On awards, as quoted inMémoires sur le Consulat. 1799 à 1804(1827) by Antoine-Claire, Comte Thibaudeau.
Chez Ponthieu, pp. 83–84. Original: O
" n appelle cela des hochets; eh bien! c'est avec des hochets que l'on
mène les hommes… Croyez-vous que vous feríez battre des hommes par l'analyse? Jamais. Elle n'est bonne
que pour le savant dans son cabinet. Il faut au soldat de la gloire, des distinctions, des récomponses.
"
The future destiny of the child is always the work of his mother
. Let France have good mothers, and she will have
good sons.
As quoted in Mama Was My Teacher: Growing Up In A Small Southern T
own (2004) by Dozier Cade, p. 77
As quoted in The Dictionary of Military and Naval Quotations(1966) by Robert Heinl, Jr.
Well then, I will tell you. Alexander, Caesar, Charlemagne and I myself have founded great empires; but upon what
did these creations of our genius depend? Upon force. Jesus alone founded His empire upon love, and to this very
day millions will die for Him. I think I understand something of human nature; and I tell you, all these were men, and I
am a man: none else is like Him; Jesus Christ was more than a man. I have inspired multitudes with such an
enthusiastic devotion that they would have died for me but to do this it was necessary that I should be visibly present
with the electric influence of my looks, my words, of my voice. When I saw men and spoke to them, I lighted up the
flame of self-devotion in their hearts. Christ alone has succeeded in so raising the mind of man toward the unseen,
that it becomes insensible to the barriers of time and space. Across a chasm of eighteen hundred years, Jesus
Christ makes a demand which is beyond all others dif ficult to satisfy; He asks for that which a philosopher may often
seek in vain at the hands of his friends, or a father of his children, or a bride of her spouse, or a man of his brother.
He asks for the human heart; He will have it entirely to Himself. He demands it unconditionally; and forthwith His
demand is granted. Wonderful! In defiance oftime and space, the soul of man, with all its powers and faculties,
becomes an annexation to the empire of Christ. All who sincerely believe in Him, experience that remarkable,
supernatural love toward Him. This phenomenon is unaccountable; it is altogether beyond the scope of man's
creative powers. Time, the great destroyer, is powerless to extinguish this sacred flame; time can neither exhaust its
strength nor put a limit to its range. This is it, which strikes me most; I have often thought of it. This it is which proves
to me quite convincingly the Divinity of Jesus Christ.
In a statement about Jesus Christ. While exiled on the rock of St. Helena, Napoleon called Count Montholon to
his side and asked him, "Can you tell me who Jesus Christ was?" Upon the Count declining to respond Napoleon
countered. Ravi Zacharias,Jesus Among Other Gods, p. 149
Misattributed
Able was I ere I saw Elba.
The earliest publication yet located of this famouspalindrome is in the "Witty and Whimsical" section ofThe
Saturday Reader, Vol. II, No. 30 (31 March 1866), p. 64:
It is said that Napoleon, when asked by Dr. O'Meara if he really thought he could
have invaded England at the time he threatened to do so, replied in the following
ingenious anagram [sic]: — "Able was I ere I saw Elba." The reader will Observe
that it reads the same backward or forward.
Of such attributions to Napoleon, there is little credence, as stated by William Irvine in
Madam I'm
Adam and Other Palindromes(1987): "The well-known ABLE WAS I, ERE I SAW ELBA, for
example, is conveniently attributed to Napoleon, whose knowledge of English wordplay was
certainly questionable, at best." There is no mention of such a palindrome in O'Meara's own work,
Napoleon in Exile : or, A Voice from St. Helena (1822).
An army of sheep, led by a lion, is better than an army of lions, led by a sheep.
Attributed to Napoleon inNapoleon (1941) by Yevgeny Tarle, this is a variant of an ancient proverb often
attributed to many military and political figures, includingAlexander the Great, and the even earlier figure
Chabrias (Χαβρίας).
This is often quoted as a command Napoleon issued when dispersing mobs marching on the National
Assembly in Paris (5 October 1795), or it is occasionally stated that he boasted "I gave them a whiff of
grapeshot" sometime afterwards, but the first known use of the term "whiff of grapeshot" is actually by
Thomas Carlyle in his work The French Revolution(1837), describing the use of cannon salvo salve[ de
canons] against crowds, and not even the use of them by Napoleon.
Quoted in The Life of Napoleon I by John Holland Rose as an exchange betweenRoederer and Talleyrand
Roederer tells us ("Œuvres," vol. iii., p. 428) that he had drawn up two plans of a constitution for the
Cisalpine; the one very short and leaving much to the President, the other precise and detailed. He told
Talleyrand to advise Bonaparte to adopt the ormer
f as it was "short and" — he was about to add "clear"
when the diplomatist cut him short with the words, Yes:
" short and obscure!"
Often known as Hanlon's razor, this was attributed to Napoleon without source inMessage Passing Server
Internals (2003) by Bill Blunden, p. 15,ISBN 0071416382
Religious wars are basically people killing each other over who has the better imaginary friend.
There is no known basis to attribute this saying to Napoleon. It is found (unattributed) in Usenet
a post from
July 1999.
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His Imperial and Royal Majesty entered his palace at the uTileries last night in the midst of his faithful subjects.
A dîner, il nous disait qu'il se trouvait beaucoup mieux, et nous lui avons fait observer, à ce sujet, que, depuis
quelque temps néanmoins, il ne sortait plus, et travaillat huit, dix, douze heures par jour .
«C'est cela même,» disait-il: «le travail est mon élément; je suis né et construit pour le travail. J'ai connu les limites
de mes jambes, j'ai connu les limites de mes yeux; je n'ai jamais pu connaître celles de mon travail.»
At dinner, he told us that he was much better, and we pointed out to him, about this, that,for some time however,
he had not been out, and had been working eight, ten, or twelve hours a day . "That is just it," said he: "work is my
element; I was born and made for it. I have found the limits of my
element; I was born and made for it. I have found the limits of my
legs; I have found the limits of my eyes; but I have never been able
to find the limits of my labour."
He found his best satisfaction not in pleasure but in toil. He could live
with little food, little sleep - and very little dalliance. The one thing he
could not dispense with was work, and work in prodigious quantities.
A little while ago, I stood by the grave of the old Napoleon, a magnificent
tomb, and I gazed upon the sarcophagus of rare and nameless marble,
where rest at last the ashes of that restless man. I leaned over the
balustrade and thought about the career of the greatest soldier of the
modern world. I saw him walking upon the banks of the Seine,
contemplating suicide. I saw him at T oulon—I saw him putting down the
mob in the streets of Paris—I saw him at the head of the army of Italy—I
saw him crossing the bridge of Lodi with the tri-color in his hand—I saw
him in Egypt in the shadows of the pyramids—I saw him conquer the
Alps and mingle the eagles of France with the eagles of the crags. I saw
him at Marengo—at Ulm and Austerlitz. I saw him in Russia, where the
infantry of the snow and the cavalry of the wild blast scattered his
legions like winter's withered leaves. I saw him at Leipsic in defeat and
disaster—driven by a million bayonets back upon Paris—clutched like a
wild beast—banished to Elba. I saw him escape and retake an empire Napoleon, far more Italian than
by the force of his genius. I saw him upon the frightful field of W
aterloo, French, Italian by race, by instinct,
where Chance and Fate combined to wreck the fortunes of their former
imagination, and souvenir, considers
king. And I saw him at St. Helena, with his hands crossed behind him,
gazing out upon the sad and solemn sea. I thought of the orphans and in his plan the future of Italy, and, on
widows he had made—of the tears that had been shed for his glory , and casting up the final accounts of his
of the only woman who ever loved him, pushed from his heart by the reign, we find that the net profit is for
cold hand of ambition. And I said I would rather have been a French Italy and the net loss is for France.
peasant and worn wooden shoes. I would rather have lived in a hut with
~Hippolyte Taine
a vine growing over the door, and the grapes growing purple in the
kisses of the autumn sun. I would rather have been that poor peasant
with my loving wife by my side, knitting as the day died out of the sky—
with my children upon my knees and their arms about me—I would rather have been that man and gone down to the
tongueless silence of the dreamless dust, than to have been that imperial impersonation of force and murder , known
as 'Napoleon the Great'.
At the battle of Waterloo, when Napoleon's cavalry had charged again and again upon the unbroken squares of
British infantry, at last they were giving up theattempt, and going off in disorder, when some of the officers in mere
vexation and complete despair fired their pistols at those solid squares.
Barry Edward O'Meara, in Napoleon in Exile : or, A Voice from St. Helena (1822), Vol. II, p. 155
The genius continually discovers fate, and the more profound the genius, the more profound the discovery of fate.o T
spiritlessness, this is naturally foolishness, but in actuality it is greatness, because no man is born with the idea of
providence, and those who think that one acquires it gradually though education are greatly mistaken, although I do
not thereby deny the significance of education. Not until sin is reached is providence posited. Therefore the genius
has an enormous struggle to reach providence. If he does not reach it, truly he becomes a subject for the study of
fate. The genius is an omnipotentAnsich [in itself] which as such would rock the whole world. For the sake of order ,
another figure appears along with him, namely fate.Fate is nothing. It is the genius himself who discovers it, and the
more profound the genius, the more profoundly he discovers fate, because that figure is merely the anticipation of
providence. If he continues to be merely a genius and turns outward, he will accomplish astonishing things;
nevertheless, he will always succumb to fate, if not outwardly , so that it is tangible and visible to all, then inwardly
.
Therefore, a genius-existence is always like a fairy tale if in the deepest sense the genius does not turn inward into
himself. The genius is able to do all things, and yet he is dependent upon an insignificance that no one
comprehends, an insignificance upon which the genius himself by his omnipotence bestows omnipotent significance.
Therefore, a second lieutenant, if he is a genius, is able to become an emperor and change the world, so that there
becomes one empire and one emperor. But therefore, too, the army may be drawn up for battle, the conditions for
the battle absolutely favorable, and yet in the next moment wasted; a kingdom of heroes may plead that the order for
battle be given-but he cannot; he must wait for the fourteenth of June. And why? Because that was the date of the
battle of Marengo. So all things may be in readiness, he himself stands before the legions, waiting only for the sun to
rise in order to announce the time for the oration that will electrify the soldiers, and the sun may rise more glorious
than ever, an inspiring and inflaming sight forall, only not for him, because the sun did not rise as glorious as this at
Austerlitz, and only the sun of Austerlitz gives victory and inspiration. Thus, the inexplicable passion with which such
a one may often rage against an entirely insignificant man, when otherwise he may show humanity and kindness
even toward his enemies. Yes, woe unto the man, woe unto the woman, woe unto the innocent child, woe unto the
beast of the field, woe unto the bird whose flight, woe unto the tree whose branch comes in his way at the moment
he is to interpret his omen.
Messieurs, nous avons un maître, ce jeune homme fait tout, peut tout, et veut tout.
Translation: Gentlemen, we have a master; this young man does everything, can do everything and will do
everything.
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations(1922), "Character", p.
105.
I used to say of him that his presence on the field made the difference of forty thousand men.
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, spoken statement (2 November 1831), as quoted inNotes of
Conversations with the Duke of Wellington (1886) by Philip Henry Stanhope
In early life he may have been a sincere republican; but he hated anarchy and disorder
, and, before his campaign in
Italy was over, he had begun to plan to makehimself ruler of France.He worked systematically to transform the
people's earlier ardor for liberty into a passion for military glory and plunder
.
External links
Napoleon at PBS : a biography of Napoleon
1. Archive (https://archive.org/stream/jstor-25102177/25102177_djvu.txt)