Lookback

 Full and fractional factorial design at 2-level

help us to obtain accurate model to describe
the relationship between the response and
factors’ level of a system, so as we can
choose proper factor level combination, to
ensure expected response of the system,
including expected mean and minimized
variance.
 For example—Leaf spring experiment!
Lookback
 Why two levels?
 When two levels?
 What’s its disadvantages?
1) Only monotonous and linear effect can be
described;
 When the effect is not linear effect? How to
do the experiment?
 ANOV can help us? Can help us what?
Full and Fractional
Factorial Design at 3 level

Dr Liu Xiaojun
MSE, HUST
-13377853585, mexjl@163.com
Outline

 Design of 3-level Fractional Factorial

 Analysis of 3-level Fractional Factorial

To set the factors’ level to -1 0 +1 three

different levels for experiment!

k factors, how many experiments should be

done?
3k factorial designs
 Reasons
i) Non-monotone fashion, like temperature
ii) Qualitative factor have several level, like machine types
Very different from quantitative factor
iii) If x0 is a nominal or current setting, common to study x0
and two setting around x0
Example
Truck seat belt experiment
Study the effect of four factors on the pull strength of truck
seat belts following a crimping operation which joins an
anchor and cable.

Response: Pull strength of truck seat belt

Factors: Hydraulic pressure of crimping machine
Die flat middle setting
Length of crimp
Anchor lot (Qualitative)
Strength needs to be maximized to ensure the belt does not
come apart in a accident, and its flash should be minimized.
Example

Objective:
to identify factor settings which maximize the strength and
minimize the flash subject to the constraint.
7000-250lb; 13.5-0.2mm
Example
3k full factorial analysis
 ANOVA analysis
3k full factorial analysis
 ANOVA analysis
A×B×C interaction ABC, ABC2,AB2C, AB2C2

adopt similar method.

3k full factorial analysis
3k full factorial analysis
 ANOVA analysis

SSAB 2 adopt similar method.

3k full factorial analysis
 ANOVA analysis
3k-p fractional factorial design

D=ABC
D=A+B+C
Since x1+x2+x3+2x4=0,
I=ABCD2
Defining relation
3k-p fractional factorial design
I=ABCD2
A and BCD2 are aliased.
A and AB2C2D
3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 ANOV
3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Main effects plot of Strength Location

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Interaction plot of Strength Location

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Main effects plot of Strength Dispersion

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Interaction plot of Strength Dispersion

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Main effects plot of flash location

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Interaction plot of Flash location

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Interaction plot of Flash dispersion

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Interaction plot of Flash Dispersion

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 An alternative analysis method

• Linear effect y2-y0

1
Al = ( −1,0,1) El(A)=Al y
2

• Quadratic effect (y2+y0)-2y1

1
Aq = (1,−2,1) Eq(A)=Aq y
6
3k-p fractional factorial analysis
A×B
3k-p fractional factorial analysis
Design matrix for 33-1design
C=AB

Run A B C
1 0 0 0
2 0 1 1
3 0 2 2
4 1 0 1
5 1 1 2
6 1 2 0
7 2 0 2
8 2 1 0
9 2 2 1
3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Half normal plot of Strength Dispersion

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
 Plot

Half-normal plot of Flash Dispersion

3k-p fractional factorial analysis
After we obtain all the effect, we can obtain normal
plot or half-normal plot, to find the significant effects,
so as we can obtain the model about the response
and the factors' levels.