Corrected emission factor based on clinker output

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FAQs
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Heating value is the amount of heat produced by a complete combustion of fuel and it is
measured as a unit of energy per unit mass or volume of substance (e.g., kcal/kg, kJ/kg, J/mol
and Btu/m³). The heat of combustion of fuels is expressed by the higher and lower heating values
(HHV and LHV). The higher heating value is also known as the gross calorific value. The higher
heating value (HHV) is measured using a bomb calorimeter; and defined as the amount of heat
released when fuel is combusted and the products have returned to a temperature of 25°C. The
heat of condensation of the water is included in the total measured heat. The lower heating
value (LHV) is defined as the net calorific value and is determined
by subtracting the heat of vaporization of water vapor (generated during combustion of fuel)
fromthe higher heating value (Meriçboyu et al., 1998). Same types of fuels can usually be
compared according to their HHV, whereas the different types of fuels are usually compared
according to their LHV. Because hydrogen contents of the different types of fuels are different
from each other
(e.g. oil and coal);
therefore, it is necessary to determine the hydrogen content of the fuel for calculating the LHV.

There are two different types of heating value, which are the lower heating value (LHV) and
the higher heating value (HHV). By definition the higher heating value is equal to the lower
heating value with the addition of the heat of vaporization of the water content in the fuel. These
values can be measured in the laboratory for each type of fuel used in the kiln system. However,
higher heating values must be converted, in order to obtain the correct values that should be
used in the Plant sheet.

When a substance changes phase, the arrangement of its molecules changes, but its
temperature does not change. If the new arrangement has a higher amount of thermal energy,
then the substance absorbs thermal energy from its environment in order to make the phase
change. If the new arrangement has a lower amount of thermal energy, the substance releases
thermal energy to its environment.
Latent heat of vaporization is a physical property of a substance. It is defined as the heat
required to change one mole of liquid at its boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure.
It is expressed as kg/mol or kJ/kg. When a material in liquid state is given energy, it changes its
phase from liquid to vapor; the energy absorbed in this process is called heat of vaporization.
The heat of vaporization of water is about 2,260 kJ/kg, which is equal to 40.8 kJ/mol.
The vaporization is the opposite process of condensation. The heat of condensation is defined
as the heat released when one mole of the subs ...

Env product declaration

Icmq india pvt ltd….

Difference Between OPC Cement and PPC Cement

The main differences in their characteristics and uses are –
 Portland Pozzolana Cement is a variation of Ordinary Portland Cement. Pozzolana
materials namely fly ash, volcanic ash, are added to the OPC so that it becomes PPC.
Pozzolana materials are added to the cement in the ratio of 15% to 35% by weight.
 Both are ecofriendly materials but Pozzolana Cement uses natural and industrial waste
thus reducing the environmental pollution.
 OPC is available in 3 grades namely grade 33, grade 43 and grade 53. Pozzolana is available
in one grade and its strength matches the strength of grade 33 OPC after curing.
 OPC is the most commonly used cement in construction. PPC is highly resistant to
sulphate attacks hence its prime use is in construction of dams ,foundations , buildings
near the sea shore , reservoirs , marine construction to name a few.
 PPC is cheaper than OPC.
 PPC has low initial setting strength compared to OPC but hardens over a period of time
with proper curing.
SRC - Sulphate Resistant Cement usually used depending on on climatic and conditions
PSC

Portland Slag Cement, commonly known as PSC, is blended cement. Slag is, essentially,
a non-metallic product comprising of more than 90% glass with silicates and alumino-
silicates of lime. At JSW Cement, we use superior quality slag produced at our steel
manufacturing plant, conforming to IS: 12089 standards for producing PSC. It is created
with a combination of upto 45- 50% slag, 45% – 50% clinker, and 3-5% gypsum. PSC has
been voted as the most suitable cement for mass construction because of its low heat of
hydration.

The multi-fold advantages of PSC

PSC’s inherent chemistry gives it several advantages over ordinary cement. Apart from
being more environment-friendly, it offers;

 Ultimate compressive strength

 Excellent resistance to Chloride & Sulphate attacks
 Low risk of cracking
 Improved workability
 Better compatibility with all types of admixtures
 Superior finish
 Ease of pumping
 Better resistance against alkali-silica reaction
 Minimised shrinkage cracks
.
Where PSC can be used?

 All types of residential, commercial and industrial projects

 Dams and other mass concrete works
 Water retaining structures
 Concrete roads and flyovers
 Most suitable for marine constructions
 Pre-cast concrete products
 Foundations and piles construction