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Key to Homework #3
Answer each question and show intermediate calculations.
1. Middle-aged adults were surveyed and asked if they still had their tonsils. Of the 500 adults that
responded, 445 answered “yes.” Use the normal distribution to find a 95% confidence interval (to
three decimal places) for the probability that a middle-aged adult still has tonsils. (3 points)
Binomial data with N = 500 and X = 445. Find 95% CI for binomial proportion p.
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Estimated Values: p = X/N = 445/500 = 0.89, q = 1 – p = 1 – 0.89 = 0.11.
2. Body weight was measured for eight gray squirrels: 577, 760, 677, 804, 710, 816, 769, 659 g. Find
a 99% confidence interval (to one decimal place) for the mean body weight. (3 points)
3. Pollution remediation was conducted for a wetland area. A historical study conducted before the area
was polluted reported that 75% of turtle eggs hatched successfully. After remediation, a sample of
120 eggs were sampled and 84 of them hatched. Test the hypothesis that the probability of hatching
is unchanged from the historical value. Use a 5% level of significance. (3 points)
Sample size: N = 120.
Our null hypothesis is that the true value of p is p0 =0.75 and q0 = 1–p0 = 1–0.75 = 0.25.
(2) = 0.05
(3) Two-sided Z-test for binomial proportion. Test statistic is Z = ( pˆ – p0) / Sqrt(p0q0/N).
(4) = 0.05 and A = 0.5–/2 = 0.475. Table A gives Z = 1.960. (Or use Table B with df = .)
Reject H0 if Z < –1.960 or Z > 1.960.
(6) Do not reject H0. There is no evidence that the probability of hatching is different from the historical value.
4. Triglyceride levels were measured for five adult volunteers before and two months after taking garlic
pill supplements. Test the hypothesis that there was no change in mean triglyceride levels against the
alternative that triglyceride levels decreased. Use a 5% level of significance. (4 points)
Std dev: sd = Sqrt([( D2) – ( D)2/n] / [n–1]) (3) One-sided paired t-test with df = n–1 = 5–1 = 4.
= Sqrt([243 – (–23)2/5] / [5–1]) Test statistic: t = d / [sd/Sqrt(n)].
= Sqrt([243 – 529/5] / 4)
(4) Reject H0 if t < –t4 = –2.132.
= Sqrt([243 – 105.8] / 4)
= Sqrt(137.2 / 4) (5) t = –4.6 / [5.85662 / Sqrt(5)]
= Sqrt(34.3) = 5.85662 = 5.9 mg/dL = –4.6 / [5.85662 / 2.236068]
= –4.6 / [2.61916] = –1.756
5. Chlorophyll absorbance was measure for leaf extracts from diploid and tetraploid plants. Test the
hypothesis of no difference in mean chlorophyll absorbance of diploids and tetrapoloids versus the
alternative that a difference exists. Use a 5% level of significance. (4 points)
Chlorophyll Absorbance
Diploids Tetraploids
0.42 0.55 X1 X2 X1^2 X2^2
0.42 0.55 0.1764 0.3025
0.57 0.64 0.57 0.64 0.3249 0.4096
0.51 0.62 0.51 0.62 0.2601 0.3844
0.46 0.59 0.46 0.59 0.2116 0.3481
0.49 0.65 0.2401 0.4225
0.49 0.65 SUM: 2.45 3.05 1.2131 1.8671
Sample sizes: n1 = 5 and n2= 5 Pooled Std Dev: sp =Sqrt[(SS1 + SS2) / (n1+n2–2)]
=Sqrt[(0.0126 + 0.0066) / (5+5–2)]
Means: x1 = X1)/n1 = 2.45/5 = 0.490
= Sqrt[0.0192 / 8]
x2 = X2)/n2 = 3.05/5 = 0.610
= Sqrt[0.0024] = 0.0489898 = 0.049
SS1 = ( X12) – ( X1)2/n
(1) H0: 1–2 = 0 versus H1: 1–2 0 (two-sided)
= 1.2131 – (2.45)2 / 5
= 1.2131 – 6.0025 / 5 (2) = 0.05
= 1.2131 – 1.2005 = 0.0126
(3) Two-sided t-test for two groups with df = n1+n2–2 = 5+5–2 = 8.
SS2 = ( X22) – ( X2)2/n Test statistic: t = (x1–x2)/[sp Sqrt(1/n1 + 1/n2)].
= 1.8671 – (3.05)2 / 5
(4) Reject H0 if t < –t8 = –2.306 or t > t8 = 2.306.
= 1.8671 – 9.3025 / 5
= 1.8671 – 1.8605 = 0.0066 (5) t = (0.490–0.610)/[0.0489898 Sqrt(1/5 + 1/5)]
= –0.12 / [0.0489898 Sqrt(0.40)]
= –0.12 / [0.0489898 (0.632456)] = –0.12 / 0.0309839 = –3.873
6. Mating territory sizes were measured for two species of sparrow. For the Sage sparrow, a
measurement of n1 = 11 territories yielded a mean of x 1 = 2.32 ha with a standard deviation of
s1 = 0.60 ha. For the Brewer’s sparrow, a measurement of n2 = 16 territories yielded a mean of
x 2 = 1.56 ha with a standard deviation of s2 = 0.54 ha. Test the hypothesis of no difference in mean
territory sizes versus the alternative that a difference exits. Use a 1% level of significance. (3 points)
Sum of Squares: SS1 = (n1 –1) (s1)2 = (11–1) (0.60)2 = (10) (0.3600) = 3.600
SS2 = (n2 –1) (s2)2 = (16–1) (0.54)2 = (15) (0.2916) = 4.374
(2) = 0.01
(3) Two-sided t-test for two groups with df = n1+n2–2 = 11+16–2 = 25. Test statistic: t = (x1–x2) / [sp Sqrt(1/n1 + 1/n2)].