Chapter 1 “Physical Environment” South – Zulu and Celebes Sea
Philippine Deep – lowest place in the country 89 3 important parts about knowing a country’s Area kms. Northeast of Mindanao with a depth of history 300, 780 sq.km or 2% of the world’s land mass 37,732 ft. below sea level. Deepest place in the God Having 7,107 islands world. People Luzon – biggest island group (141, 395 sq.km) Land Visayas – (101, 999 sq.km) Major Mountain Ranges: Mindanao – (56, 606 sq.km) Sierra Mountain The Name “Philippines” Mt. Apo Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro Main Islands: Mt. Pulog called our nation “Ma-yi” which means land of Luzon 7. Mindoro Mt. Banahaw gold. Mindanao 8. Leyte Mt. Bulusan A Greek mapmaker named Claudius Ptolemy Samar 9. Cebu Mt. Halcon called our islands “Maniolas” in his ancient Negros 10. Bohol Mt. Kanlaon map. Palawan 11. Masbate Mt. Matutum When Magellan came in 1521, he called the Panay Phils. “Archipelago of St. Lazarus”. Major Lowlands Plains: Ruy Lopez de Villalobos gave the name Topography Central Plain – the rice granary of the Phils. “Filipinas” to the Phils. In honor of King Philip II 61 – natural harbors Cagayan Valley – greatest tobacco producing of Spain. 20 – landlocked traits region in Asia, largest valley Eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be Manila Bay – the first harbor in Asia and also Agusan Valley used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. the largest bay in the Phils. Cotabato Then it became “The Philippine Islands” during Bays: the American colonial era. Balayan Plateaus: Pearl of the Orient Seas – most popular Tayabas Benguet nickname for the Phil. Given by the Spanish Sindangan Bukidnon missionary-historian named Fr. Juan Delgado in Illana and Sarangani 1751 Rivers: Gulfs: Cagayan River – longest Origin of the Philippines Lingayen Rio Grande – largest Land forms were made by God as part of His Leyte Pasig creation Davao Telling legends Lakes: It was a remnant of a prehistoric continent Strait: Laguna de Bay – largest Scientific theory San Juanico Strait – narrowest strait in the world between Samar and Leyte Springs: Location Los Baños and Pansol North – Bashi Channel Peninsulas: Pandi and Sibul East – Pacific Ocean Bataan Tiwi Magsingal Sampaguita – “Queen of Philippines Flowers” Pating bulik – huge whale shark Grapes Pygmy goby and Tabios – two of the world’s Waterfalls: Wheat – introduced and cultivated in the smallest fish, founded Dr. Albert Herre Pagsanjan country during Spanish times, first introduced in Glory of the sea – world’s rarest and most Maria Cristina Nagcarlan, Laguna by Fray Tomas Miranda in expensive shell Hinulugang Taktak 1519 Tridacna gigas – world’s largest shell Tamaraw Animal Life Pisidium – world’s smallest shell Darosdos Birds – 850 species Pearl of Allah – world’s largest natural pearl Eastern Sarus Crane – biggest bird Climate The Phil. Monkey eating eagle – world’s largest Minerals Dry season – (Dec.-May) eagle Mankayan –best known copper district in the Wet season – (June – Nov.) Kalaw – “Clock of the Mountains” country Rainfall – the most factor in its climate, with Palawan peacock Surigao del Norte / Sur – greatest iron bearing most rainy days from July-October Limbas areas in the country Katala Masinloc Zambales – the biggest deposits of Typhoons / Earthquake Carabao – the most useful of the animals high quality chromite in the world -lies within the “Ring of Fire” in the Pacific 4 unique animals Nonoc – one of the largest in the world and the Tamaraw largest in Asia (Deposit of Nickel) Typhoons Tarsius Deposit of Coal About 20 to 30 typhoons lash the country The mouse deer Cebu annually mostly from June – October The zebronkey Polillo island Earthquake Masbate Rock the country annually with intensities Forest Resources Mindanao varying from 1 – 8 Forest lands – area of 16,633,000 hectares, 55% Asbestos – Ilocos Norte / Zambales June 3, 1863 – most horrible earthquake in the of total land area Asphalt – Leyte country Commercial forests – 14, 452, 650 PAGASA – monitor natural occurrences and Non – commercial forests – 2,180,000 Energy Sources coordinate relief measures when needed Narra – most famous of forest trees Supplied by: Oil Volcanoes Fish and Marine Resources Hydroelectric power Mt. Mayon – most famous and scenic Phil. 2,000 species of fish are found Bagasse Volcanoes. Among those of commercial value: Geothermal energy Mt. Taal – smallest and most unusual volcano Banak Coal Mt. Pinatubo – worst volcanic eruption Dalag New sources of energy Ayungin Natural Resources Dilis Scenic Beauties and Natural Wonders Soil – most important natural resources Biya Banaue Rice Terraces Plant life – 8,120 species of plants, 1000 Lapu – lapu Mount Mayon varieties of orchids, 1000 species of rice, and Bangus Manila bay sunset 3000 species of trees Pagsanjan falls Sampalok A Nation of Many Languages. The Philippines is Filipinos, owing to their beautiful Hidden valley a nation of many languages and dialects. A country, are passionately romantic Amazing umbrella geyser survey by Richard Pitman, an American linguist, Filipinos are liberty-loving and brave Hundred islands showed that there are 55 native languages and people. Crystal cave 142 dialects in the country, apart from English Gratitude is another sterling trait of the Montalban caves and Spanish. Filipinos. Chocolate Hills in Bohol National Language. In 1935, President Filipinos are cooperative. Manuel L. Quezon, championed the idea of Filipinos are noted for their durability Chapter 2 “Social Environment” having a language that would serve as a and resiliency. common medium of expression for his multi- Population. lingual people. Thus, President Quezon is Regional Traits. Filipinos possess different Population as of 2016: 103 milliion. It is said known as the “Father of the National regional traits due to different regional that the most urgent economic problems are (1) Language.” environments, the lack of contract and developing and protecting natural resources, communication in previous centuries, the and (2) controlling population growth.Two Education and High Literacy. The Filipino Spanish imperialist policy of “divide and rule,” other important population problems are: (1) people are fond of education. As the Honorable and the different economic and social factors the number of young people, and (2) migration. Frank Murphy, American Governor-General of which affect them in modern times. the Philippines, said: “No people ever accepted Social Classes. There are three social classes in the blessings of education with more The Ilocanos of Ilocandia are the most the country They are: (1) the rich, (2) the middle enthusiasm than the Filipinos.” The oldest adventurous, hardworking, and frugal class, and (3) the lower-income groups and the university in the Philippines is the University of of Filipinos. poor masses. Santo Tomas in Manila. The Tagalogs, who inhabit Manila, the provinces around it, and the nearby The Only Christian Nation in Asia. The Filipino Character islands of Mindoro and Marinduque, Philippines is the only Christian nation in Asia. Filipinos are prone to gambling and feel superior to other Filipinos because About 93% of the people are Christians - 83% betting they live in a region blessed with rich are Catholics, 7.6% are Aglipayans, 2.3% are Fatalism is another bad trait farm lands, navigable rivers and Protestants and other sects. They are very sensitive about their panoramic beauties, and also because honor or reputation. of their major participation in history. The Aglipay Church or Philippine Independent Filipinos also prefer smooth relations The Bicolanos of Bicolandia are a Church is a unique Filipino Protestant sect, with their relatives, friends and religious, mild-tempered, and musical founded by Isabelo de los Reyes in 1902, with colleagues people. Gregorio L. Aglipay as its first Bishop. Filipinos, unlike the Chinese or the The Bisayans, particularly those from The Iglesia ni Kristo, founded by Felix Y. Manalo Japanese, lack discipline Iloilo and Negros Occidental, are in 1914, is a Philippine sect with members both Mañana habit, which they inherited extravagant, carefree and jolly. in the country and abroad. from the Spaniards. The Muslim Filipinos in Mindanao and Islam, with 1.6 million followers, is the country’s Filipinos are famous not only for their Sulu are fierce. second largest religion. warm hospitality, but also for their Cultural Minorities. Out of the 52 million close family ties. Filipinos, around 1.6 million belong to so-called national cultural minorities live in the remote areas, particularly the high cordilleras of Luzon, The belief that man came from apelike the hills and mountain forests of Mindanao, and creatures that lived thousands of years on isolated lakes and seashores. ago in caves. Waves of Migration Among the northern tribes are: the Ifugaos, the Negritos Bontocs, the Kankanays, the Ibaloys, the First people to come to the Philippines Tinguians, the Kalingas, the Gaddangs, and the Very small people, they had black skin, Negritoes. short kinky hair, thick lips and black noses. Mindoro tribes comprise the Mangyans, a They had no government, writing and peace-loving, musical people with no head- permanent home hunting tradition Lived by hunting, fishing and gathering wild plants and fruits. The southern tribes of Mindanao and Sulu are Indonesians the Maranao, Ilanum, Tausug and Samal, all First immigrants to come by the sea to Muslims; the Badjao and Yakan (partly Muslim); the Phil. and the Subanon, Bukidnon, Mansaka, The first type was tall, light skin, large Higaunon, Kalagan, Mandaya, Bagobo, Tiruray, forehead, high nose and thin lips Manobo, Blaan, Manubo Blit and Ubo tribes, The second type were shorter and mostly pagan tribes. darker, large nose, thick lips and heavy jaws Filipino Women. Women in the Philippines Lived in a permanent homes, used fire occupy a high place in society, politics and to cook professions. Lived by hunting, fishing and small The first lady President of the Philippines was farming Mrs. Corazon (“Cory”) Cojuangco Aquino. The Malays Medium in height, brown-skinned, dark eyes, flat noses and straight black hair Chapter 3 “Our Early Ancestors” Lived in the larger villages, they had 3 main sources: government, writing music arts and 1. God’s creation in the Bible sciences 2. Theory of Evolution Lived by agriculture, fishing, mining and 3. Legends and fairytales trading 1. The biblical story 3. Legends and fairytales All men and women originated from the The story of Malakas and Maganda first man (Adam) and the first woman (Eve). The story of the brown people