OBJECTIVE:

To determine the density of the liquid using two methods.

INTRODUCTION:
The Newtonian fluid have several basic properties must be
measured.
These properties are important in making calculations regarding
fluid
systems. Measuring fluid properties, density, is the object of this
experiment, which is defined as its mass per unit volume (eqn.
1.1). It can obtain
through various means, but in this course we mention two
methods only.
Ρρ = m / V

Where ρ , density kg/m3

m , mass kg

V , volume m

Procedure:
Method One:

Page-1
1) we weighed the empty graduated beaker on a scale and we
recorded the mass.
2)we removed the beaker from the scale and we measured an
arbitrary volume of
selected fluid into the beaker.
3) we weighed the laden beaker on the scale again and we
recorded the mass.
4) we determined the difference in the masses as per Equation
1.2 and we recorded this
mass. This value is the mass of the fluid.
5) we divided the mass of the fluid by the volume measured into
the beaker as
per Equation 1.1 and we recorded this value. This will yield the
density of the
fluid.
Method Two:
1) we selected a hydrometer cylinder via an educated guess of
the supposed
density of the fluid.
2) we filled a graduated cylinder with an arbitrary amount of
selected fluid. The
particular volume for this part of the experiment is in
consequential as long
as there is enough to submerge the hydrometer to obtain an
accurate reading.
3) we Inserted the hydrometer into the fluid filled cylinder as
close to the center as
possible. If the hydrometer sticks to the walls of the cylinder, it will
yield an
in accurate specific gravity for the fluid.
4) Once the hydrometer has stabilized and is no longer bobbing in
the fluid,
we talked a reading of the specific gravity on the neck of the
hydrometer at the

Page-2
meniscus of the fluid as seen in Figure 1 and record this value.
5) we multiplied the specific gravity .

Practical application:
Density of of water:
M1(cylinder)=189g/1000
M2=380g
Mass total =m2-m1➡️=380-189=(191g)➡️
191/1000=(0.191kg)
V=200mL➡️m3/1000000=(2*10-4L)
P=mass/volume ➡️
0.191/2*10-4=(9.55*10–6 kg/m3)

Density of Brass:

M=80g /1000=0.08Kg
V1=200 m3
V2=210 m3
V.total=V2-V1➡️=210-200=(10 m3)
P=mass/volume=0.08/10=(0.008kg/m3)
V2=3.14/4*D2*L
D=16mm

Page-3
L=46mm

Density of copper:
M=152g/1000=0.152kg
V1=200 m3
V2=220 m3
V.total=V2-V1➡️=220-200=(20 m3)
P=mass/volume=0.152/20=(0.0076kg/m3)
V2=3.14/4*D2*L
D=28mm
L=31mm

Density of Aluminum:
M=199g/1000=0.199kg
V1=200 m3
V2=208 m3
V.total=V2-V1➡️=208-200=(8 m3)
P=mass/volume=0.199/8=(0.025kg/m3)
V2=3.14/4*D2*L
D=15mm
L=38mm

Density of Steel:
M=53g/1000=0.053 kg
V1=200 m3
V2=202 m3
V.total=V2-V1➡️=202-200=(2 m3)
P=mass/volume=0.053/2=(0.027 kg/m3)
V2=3.14/4*D2*L
D=13mm
L=44mm

Page-4
Density of Bazeel:
M=29g/1000=0.029 kg
V1=200 m3
V2=211 m3
V.total=V2-V1➡️=211-200=(11 m3)
P=mass/volume=0.029/11=(0.0026kg/m3)

Results and Discussion:

1. Explain why a highly precise measurement does not

always mean a highly accurate one.

#An accurate but not precise measurement would be an

approximate measurement. a precise measurement would be
required, especially when the results of a specific test need to be
reproducible and the quantities are minute, as in micrograms, for
example. Accuracy in measurement is of closeness to the actual
or exact, but precision in measurement is closeness to the same
spot each time it is taken.

2. Why is the density of a substance independent of sample

size?
#Density = mass / volume
when you take a sample which is uniform everywhere then the
mass and volume will change by the same rate while changing the

Page-5
size of the sample, so the ratio will be same and the density will
be constant.

3. Identify at least two possible sources of error in the

procedure used to determine
the density of your unknown liquid.
> error in calibration
> The measuring container is inaccurate

Conclusion:
In this experiment we learned how to measure the density of fluid and
density of the solid our objective was to measure the density of fluid by
using to different method but we also learned how to measure the
density of solid too I don’t know why we use method2 the hydrometer
cylinder but maybe we did not have the necessary equipment in the end
we learned so much and that what matter.

Page-6