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copyright 2006 by David Birnbaum, NY This is a heavily backed-up and heavily-monitored Jewish
history TimeLine site. Attempted hackers of this site or of
publisher: the related support-sites, have been - and will be - tracked-
J Levine / MILLENNIUM down and fully prosecuted to the full extent of the law.
New York
Notice to the assorted misfits vainly engaged in assorted
scheduled publication date: toxic activities vis a’ vis this project: The Third Reich is
March 2008 long gone, and will not be re-emerging soon.
is not to be afraid…
[The first 26 Elements (of the Periodic Table) are created in-the-
process]
that is, the ELEMENTS (of the Periodic Table) heavier than Ele-
ment #26 - IRON
Supernovas, as well -
# Seed their respective galaxies with heavy Elements,
# Heat their respective galaxies with the energy of their radiation,
# Stir up their respective galaxies with the force of their blast
(note: Stars with at least 3x the mass of our sun, are potential *** Half-a-billion years transpire ***
candidates for “Supernova” status)
Thunderation! Cambrian explosion (~540 million BCE)
Thunderation! Galaxies continue to emerge… and then the
Milky Way coalesces (~14 billion BCE) [Some 50 phyla (basic body plans) ‘suddenly & simultane-
ously’ appear… the first appearance of complex animal life…
*** ~10 billion years transpire ***
With the appearance of complex animal life, Predator-Prey
Thunderation! The Sun (4.6 billion BCE) dynamics manifest, as well.
Thunderation! our Solar System (4.5 billion BCE) Note: The “Cambrian Explosion” has never even near-ad-
equately been explained by mainstream science… [author’s
*** half-a-billion years transpire *** note: as mainstream science is too ‘bounded’]
Thunderation! the first living Cell (4.0 billion BCE) i.e. “Life” Darwin apparently viewed the “Cambrian Explosion” as one
of the principal objections that could be lodged against his
- Including bacteria Theory of Evolution by natural selection…
Thunderation! Photosynthesis (3.9 billion BCE) *** 80 million years transpire ***
*** Four hundred million years transpire *** Thunderation! LIFE moves ashore (~460 million BCE)
Thunderation! DNA: first strand of DNA (3.5 billion BCE) *** 70 million years transpire ***
*** ~1.5 billion years transpire *** Thunderation! AMPHIBIANS (~390 million BCE)
Thunderation! Possible massive global ice-age (2 billion *** 55 million years transpire ***
BCE) “Snowball Theory”
Thunderation! the first FORESTS (~335 million BCE)
*** Half-a-billion years transpire ***
*** 270 million years transpire ***
Thunderation! organisms with CELL NUCLEUS CON-
TAINING DNA (1.5 billion BCE) Thunderation! DINOSAURS (235 million BCE - 65 million BCE)
Thunderation! FLOWERS evolve (~114 million years ago) It will now take 128,300 years until Lech L’chah (Abraham)
in 1700 BCE;
*** 50 million years transpire ***
So, if a generation is 30 years, it will take 4,276 generations
Thunderation! MAMMALS evolve (65 million BCE) and from this (first modern HUMANS) point (4 million BCE)
flourish until Abraham…… as counter-posed to the ~123 generations
from Abraham to our present point in 2007 ….so, the period
*** 61 million years transpire *** from Abraham to the present, represents only ~3% of the time
duration since the appearance of ‘modern HUMANS….
Thunderation! earliest HOMINIDS (precursors of human
lineage) (4 million BCE) *** ~119,000 years transpire ***
[French and Chadian paleontologists - and The Science Chan- Thunderation! Agriculture (11,000 BCE)
nel (1.1.07) - assert that the “Toumai” male fossil, discovered
2001 in western Africa, Djurab Desert, northern Chad, is the {5500 BCE Egyptians weave flax into fabric, i.e. flax threads
earliest HOMINID, standing 4’ high at age 20, with a nuclear were woven together to create fabric for the first time}
family group of about six… and peg him at 7 million BCE…
i.e. 230,000 generations back… but the Wikipedia consen- {4400 BCE HORSES domesticated… power… transporta-
sus (1.3.07) is that Toumai, whatever he is, is not the earliest tion… warfare}
HOMINID, but rather a pre-cursor of HOMINIDS]
Thunderation! Early Bronze Age (c. 3500-2000 BCE)
The famous “Lucy” fossil was discovered in 1974 in east
Africa in Ethiopia. (The American anthropologist Johanson {Invention of WRITING… organization of CITY STATES}
who discovered her was listening to the Beatles song “Lucy
in the Sky with Diamonds” as he unearthed her remains… {~3500 BCE Sumerians develop a phonetic alphabet; Most
hence, “Lucy”)… Lucy (3.2 million BCE) is considered of the surviving records are of business transactions}
by consensus to be the first clear-cut HOMINID fossil, and
HOMINIDS, as a group, are dated by consensus back to 4 {~3500 BCE Bronze made for the first time - Copper was
million BCE)
{~3000 BCE First chariots and wagons - The wheels were Many of these centuries were to be ‘Zhou Dynasty centuries’,
made of wood and were very heavy and cumbersome ini- as this dynasty, China’s longest, spanned 800 years (and 37
tially, as is to be expected} emperors)…
Thunderation! Narmer [Menes] (~3050 BCE) generally In 221 BCE, Qin defeated the other six states, including the
considered the First Pharaoh, founder of the “First Dynasty” Zhou, and finally unified China
(of Egypt)
(more below at that time period… Qin Dynasty)
Thunderation! ~2800 BCE, China, semi-mythical Three
Sovereigns and Five Exemplars [author - Wherever you hear that so-and-so ‘unified’ a coun-
try, do not assume that this was a nice and sweet ”Boy Scout
…according to Chinese legend, the Three August Ones and operation”]
the Five Emperors ruled…they were sage-kings and moral-
exemplars… Thunderation! Imhotep, vizier of Egypt, designs and con-
structs the Pyramid of (Pharaoh) Djoser (2630 - 2611 BCE)
…one of them, The Yellow Emperor is positioned as the royal
ancestor of the Han Chinese [First stone pyramid (as opposed to mud-brick) : The Great
Step-Pyramid Complex of Djoser at Saqquara; Central pyra-
….note that the earliest written record of China’s past dates mid rose about 20 stories tall; Imhotep, doctor, sage, archi-
from ~13th century BCE (the time of the Jewish Exodus)… tect, astronomer and High Priest, is also credited as a founder
Shang Dynasty…these written records were inscriptions of the Egyptian and Masonic mystery traditions (author-
(spiritual/religious-related) on bones and shells…known as sounds right)]
the ‘Oracle Bones’
[a/k/a “Khufu’s Pyramid”… tomb of CHEOPS (a/k/a Khufu) Thunderation! “Lech L’chah ” (Genesis: God to Abraham:
Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh… approx. 7 year construc- “Walk from your land…”) Ur Kasdim, Middle East, 1700s
tion… was also the world’s highest man-made structure (at BCE
480.9 ft = 146.6 m) until 1300 CE… although height was
certainly not its primary defining historicity… for-the-record, {”… and from the land of your forefathers, and go from your
the Great Pyramid was eventually first surpassed in height birthplace… unto Canaan… the land which God bequeaths
(only) 3,652 years later (by 13.4 m….i.e. several feet) by the unto thee”}
Lincoln Cathedral in Lincoln, England in 1092]
[Middle Bronze Age c. 2500-1600 BCE - Amorites, Hittites,
{Mathematical development 2000 BCE, Babylonians devel- Hurrians, Hyksos and Israelites in the Middle East and Near
op a mathematical system based on units of 60… they divide East]
the CIRCLE into 360 units/degrees}
{”Great Stone Palace” of Knossos, Crete, Mediterranean…
{Cotton, 1900 BCE, used for the first time… by Harappans extraordinary 1300 room edifice built over 300 year time-
(Indus Valley, ~Pakistan) who become the first to grow and span 1700-1400 BCE (some contractors take longer than
weave cotton into fabric} others)… political and ceremonial center of Minoan civiliza-
tion… indoor plumbing… complex and highly-sophisticated
Thunderation! Stonehenge (~2500 BCE) water and drainage systems… to keep it cool, mostly con-
structed of stone palace…hence the name}
[& the sophisticated civilization which spawned it over many,
many centuries….but which subsequently disappeared] Thunderation! Joseph, now Viceroy of Egypt, 1522 BCE,
reveals his identity to his brothers (who, jealous of him, and
(The Stonehenge edifice-setup itself seems to have been a not particularly enamored of his ego, had sold him into slav-
combination spiritual/religious/astronomical edifice, mark- ery ~2-3 decades back) [but it does take a pretty large ego to
ing, as well, seasonal solstices be Viceroy of Egypt… so, you do need to be careful who you
via the sun’s projection through its carefully-laid-out archi- sell into slavery…
tectural apertures…)
Thunderation! “BitYa”, daughter of Pharaoh, rescues baby
Thunderation! Hammurabi & his Code, Old Babylonia Moses from the bull rushes ~1300 BCE, banks of Nile River,
(1792 BCE - ~1750 BCE) Egypt
[First known comprehensive legal code… pre-dates the To- [BitYa’s rescue of baby Moses will significantly impact world
rah by ~500 years] history… Egyptian, Roman, Greek, Babylonian, Persian
- and later British, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Moslem,
Thunderation! Shang Dynasty, China, (commencing 1700s BCE) Byzantine, Ottoman et al. - empires - all, of course, heavily
(BitYa is referred to in the Torah only as “Pharaoh’s daugh- Monotheism codified… 613 Precepts [mitzvot] for the Jews
ter”; she is ‘named’ later by Jewish Medrashim: BitYa a/k/a [including the more complex laws of Kashrut, Shabbat,
BatYa - “Daughter of God”…one of the most beautiful and Temple-related]…the ‘dignity of man’… focus on the God
transcendent names ever assigned in the span of Judaism). of Israel… including, of course, the 10 Commandments…
metaphysical themes embedded within the Torah…
1250 BCE -1260 BCE: Moses stats confronting Pharaoh
(possibly Hatsheput) There are 7 Precepts [mitzvot] mandated for all-mankind
from the time of Noah…
Thunderation! EXODUS (not the movie) ~1250 BCE known as “(The Seven) Noahide Laws”
[6 of the Laws are prohibitions: (on)
(pharaoh of Egypt: possibly Amenhotep II) idolatry; murder; theft; sexual promiscuity; blasphemy; cru-
elty to animals;
Israelites escape/exit Egypt with panache… organized into 1 of the 7 laws is a requirement:
12 tribes… Just Courts & Laws
… shortly thereafter also, in parallel, into three ceremonial …..the ‘Giving of the Torah’ will change the world forever-
levels: more…a sui generis epochal event…
1) Highest: Priesthood (Ko-hen), Prime Temple ceremonial;
descendants of Aaron, brother of Moses Over the centuries, the Jews will reach the heights - and then
2) ‘Levite class’: Levites (Lai-vi) Temple ceremonial the depths - as an historic consequence…
3) Nation-as-a-whole: Israelites (Yisrael)…
the Jews will protect the Torah; the Torah will anchor the
with the first two categories both from the Tribe of Levi (of Jews…
the 12 Tribes)
the Jews will have both a uniquely stellar-dynamic journey
Meaning, one of the 12 tribes is Levi and, then, an exceedingly tortuous-brutal fight-for-survival,
From that tribe, equality, dignity…..
if one was a descendant of Aaron, one was a Kohen;
If one was from the Tribe of Lavi, but not a descendant of perspective: The extreme-polar opposites are not coinciden-
Aaron, one was a Levite tal… Having reached a zenith (Receivers of the Torah at Si-
nai) , the Jews are permanently a subtle threat to claimants
After 40 years in the desert, the Israelites finally establish of cultural or spiritual primacy; The more the Jews are de-
themselves in Canaan through a series of military victories graded, it will be felt, the lower the threat
and political ententes.
…they will be a thorn-on-the-back-of-Israel for hundreds of Gideon also important progenitor of ‘psychological warfare’
years
Arming his warriors with torches, trumpets and noise-mak-
perspective: how did those smart Israelites allow those Phi- ing clay pots,
listines to hold that (strategic)waterfront property? and then attacking-at-night in full fury, trumpets blaring,
It is believed by military historians, that the Philistines had torches alit, pots shattering, Gideon and his attacking & sur-
‘entered the ‘Iron Age’ before the Israelites…and that the Phi- rounding 300 seem to the Midianites like 3,000 - or 30,000
listines possessed iron chariots (see Shoftim [Judges] 1:19) - and the Midianites retreat across Israel…
and iron swords…so, battle during rain or flood-time, wher-
ever possible, would neutralize the Philistine advantage… After prevailing over Israel’s enemies, master strategist
Gideon nevertheless declines to be King, telling the Jews
….Against another iron-chariot-enabled foe, (”900 chariots that God was their ruler
of iron” - Shoftim [Judges] 4:3) King Ja’bin of Ha’zor…
Thunderation! First king of Israel, King Saul, (1047 BCE David’s lifespan: 1037 BCE - 967 BCE
- 1012 BCE) David’s reign over Judea alone: 1007 BCE - 1005 BCE
David’s reign over Judea and Israel: 1005 BCE - 967 BCE
Goliath: 1012 BCE: David ( future King of Israel ) slingshots
the giant Goliath (Golyat), Kingdom of Israel under King David attacks and captures Jerusalem; Jerusalem becomes City
Saul (~1012 BCE) of David (993 BCE) and capital of the Kingdom of Israel…
Mt. Gilboa: King Saul, first King of Israel, killed by the Phi- Acclaimed battle hero, warrior, musician, poet and author
listines at the Battle of Mount Gilboa ~1007 BCE, along with
his son, Jonathan Credited with penning (majority of) the PSALMS,
known as the Psalms of David (Tehillim)
From the dirge of soon-to-be king, David:
David depicted in extraordinary terms biblically - in both
Fathers Solomon (the Wise)…. King of Israel Jeroboam, King of Israel in the north
Rehoboam, King of Judah, in the south
Thunderation! “First Temple” (of Israel) completed by King
Solomon, Jerusalem (~950 BCE) Thunderation! (prophet) Isaiah [Yishayahu] (~770 BCE -
700 BCE)
(Solomon’s legendary Temple will last ~ 364 years….To
be destroyed by the Babylonians 586 BCE…..Solomon’s Thunderation! ~750 BCE Romulus founds Rome (along
Temple is de facto the successor to the (portable) Tabernacle with his younger brother - and future doomed victim of frat-
[Mishkan] the Israelites used during the bulk of their 40-year ricide - Remus)
sojourn through the desert, back post-exodus from Egypt…
764 BCE: Amos begins to prophecy
Solomon’s Temple (to be destroyed by the Babylonians 586 755 BCE: Hosea begins to prophecy
BCE) will in-due-course be succeeded ~50 years later by the 753 BCE: Zecharia leads Israel as king
Second Temple built in the early 500s BCE primarily under 752 BCE: Menachem leads Israel as king
Persian Jewish satrap Zerubavel….. 740 BCE: Pekach becomes king of Israel
739 BCE: Yotam becomes king of Judah
the Second Temple will then undergo an extraordinary and 736 BCE: Micah begins to prophecy
historic renovation (if not, total re-building) under King 735 BCE: Ahaz becomes king of Judah
Herod the Great ~500 years later in the latter-half of the first 732 BCE: Hosea becomes king of Israel
century BCE….only to be destroyed, in-turn, by the Romans
~70 years later in 70 CE….. Thunderation! Assyrians overrun Northern Kingdom of Is-
rael 722 BCE… initially under Shalmaneser V and then un-
Solomon will play the “Wise & Peaceful” (and quite wealthy) der Saragon II
king - juxtaposed to his father’s “Warrior-Poet” role…Of
course, his father had done the “heavy lifting”, but the two Assyrian ruler Saragon II (father of Sennacherib) asserts in
are both at the apex of the Jewish pantheon… his Annals that he carried away 28,000 (Israelite) inhabitants
from Samaria region (middle/northern Israel) ….. i.e. “The
Clearly, with the erection of The Temple (a/k/a The First Tem- Lost Ten Tribes” …
ple…a/k/a The Temple of Solomon) under freedom, peace,
prosperity and historically grand boundaries - while under a { author’s note: My ‘current wisdom’ is that they were dispersed. }
Thunderation! Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar [Belshazzar (profanely) uses sacred golden and silver ves-
defeats and eclipses Assyrians (606 BCE) sels, which had been removed from the (Jewish) Temple by
his predecessor Nebuchadnezzar (who had conquered Jeru-
Thunderation! Lao Tzu / Taoism / Tao Te Ching (~600 salem and sacked the Temple in 586 BCE… Belshazzar and
BCE) his Court (blaspheme God by) praising the gods of gold and
silver… immediately the disembodied fingers of a human
Thunderation! (prophet) Yechezkel (593 BCE) [Ezekiel] hand appear and write on the wall of the royal palace the
words noted above… Indecipherable to the king’s Court for
Jerusalem Temple I under siege by Babylonians… whose em- reasons unknown… Daniel, an exile from Jerusalem and for-
Note: the current “Marathons” are a little longer, 26.2 miles The First Persian Empire (Achaemenid Dynasty) spanned
= 42.195 kilometers. from 648 BCE (Cyrus the Great, founder) until 330 BCE
Why? (Darius III),
At the 1908 Olympics, the Marathon route was laid-out be-
tween Windsor Castle (Berkshire County, outside of London) The Persian Empire falls at the famous Battle of Gaugamela
and the Royal Family box in the Olympic Stadium in Lon- - to the military phalanxes and advanced-and-daring strata-
don, with a distance of 42.195 km; This distance was codified gems of the young Greek/Macedonian conqueror from the
in 1921 (13 years and three Olympics later, after the London west, Alexander the Great… who was outnumbered more
Olympics) by Rule 240 of the IAAF - International Amateur than 5:1 by Darius III’s defending Persians…
Athletic Union - members of which were presumably Yale
The battle shapes-up at Gugamela [Believed to have led about 5,000 additional Jewish exiles
living in Babylon, back to their home city of Jerusalem…
The massive Persian army squares-off against credited by many scholars as the author of the Book of Ezra
the much-smaller, but ‘hi-voltage’ Macedonian army of Al- and the Book of Chronicles I (Sefer Divrei ha-Yamim I)]
exander
Thunderation! Nechemia appointed governor of Judea (445
Alexander employed several new stratagems in-tandem, at BCE)
Gugamela in 331 BCE,
( “on the 34th day of the lunar month” ), but the crucial tacti- Appointed by Artaxerxes I of Persia (who had captured Bab-
cal maneuver is universally acknowledged, as follows: ylonia)
[satrap Nechemia (Jewish) returns from Babylon and rebuilds
Alexander psyches-out Darius’s Persians into opening a sub- Jerusalem city walls… is governor for probably 33 years,
tle gap in their lines, with a 2-year interlude back in Persia at the 13-year mark]
and then Alexander cartwheels into a a lightning-charge - led
by himself and his fiercest battalions - in wedge-formation {370 BCE Romans commence their legendary road building.
right into the belly of this subtle gap - blasting the subtle gap The first road ran from Rome to Alban Hills, and was used
into an open V-shaped channel - and now charging straight at primarily for military traffic, as that was, of course, the pri-
Darius’s ‘High Command’. The Persian ’center-of-gravity’ is mary purpose of their road network…}
thrown off-balance; The ’Persian center’ implodes. Persia is
hisory. Thunderation! Age of Pericles 460 BCE - 429 BCE
Thunderation! GREECE! (776 BCE - 146 BCE) Pericles, a young Athenian aristocrat, becomes the dominant
Thunderation! Revolt of the Jews against Artaxerxes III in Thunderation! Alexander the Great dies in Babylon 323
Persia (350 BCE) BCE…
338 BCE: Philip of Macedon ( father of Alexander [ to be ] A Hellenist living in Alexandria, Egypt, publishes ELE-
Great ) unites all Greece under his rule. MENTS - a 13-volume treatise on geometry…and on the an-
cient Greek version of number theory…
338 BCE: early Roman coinage
Euclidean Geometry will employ:
336 BCE: Philip of Macedon assassinated ( probably by his - Postulates (axioms) << highest level ’laws’
wife, mother of Alexander ) - Propositions (theorems) << derivations from Postulates
and then,
335 BCE: Aristotle teaches in Athens # Proofs of theorems
Euclid’s work, the “ELEMENTS” (originally in Greek) has, 250 BCE: The Septuagint ( meaning, The Seventy ) ….A
according to the going-wisdom, gone through over a 1,000 Greek Ruler [Greek King of Egypt Ptolemy II Philadelphus]
editions, and is considered the most successful ‘textbook’ has the Jews ( 72 scholars ) initially translate the Five Books
ever written. Of course, it was written as a Treatise, not nec- of Moses into Greek …plus, other books from the Tanach
essarily as a textbook. [the classic sequence is: Treatise > later translated over a two-century span - …a/k/a “LXX”…(
Textbook > Name of a small rock band] (”Elements” is avail- 70 in Greek numeration, rounding-of from the numeration of
able very readily in toto on the Web, in English, among other 72, i.e. LXXII )
languages, via Google or other search engines).
240 BCE Archimedes, the Greek mathematician, determines
{289 BCE Ptolemy II of Egypt builds first known large Light the value of Pi,- and along with Pi, ready-calculations as to
House… the area of a circle, of course}{230 BCE Aristarchus, Greek
mathematician and astronomer, is the first recorded person to
on an island at the mouth of the Nile. The Lighthouse was place the sun, moon and planets in correct orientation with
400 feet high, and according to lore could be seen from 40 each other…….known as heliocentric theory… his ideas
miles away; were rejected as wrong and as impious…
However, the horizon distance can be calculated by formula.
So, let’s analyze it’s view-ability by formula, not just ‘lore’. it took the world a little while to catch-up with his think-
The ‘Imperial formula is: ing: about 2,000 years, when Copernicus re-proposed the
horizon (in miles) = the square root of [1.5 x height ( in feet )]; same and the doctrine was finally accepted… known as Aris-
so, the square root of [1.5 x 400 feet] tarchus of Samos, with Samos being an island off of ancient
or Greece}
the square root of 600, which equals = ~ 24.5
so 24.5 miles as the horizon distance; {August 2, 216 BCE Carthaginian General-in-Chief Han-
nibal routs the Romans at the legendary Battle of Cannae
As opposed to the 40 mile figure quoted in ‘lore’ (southeast Italy)
But how much do you add for the light on top of the lighthouse? - relatively near Rome, after crossing the Alps in the winter
Depends on how bright the light… (but not an extra 15.5 with 30,000-40,000 men, 6,000 horses and some surviving
miles with 250 BCE lighting technology) elephants…
250 BCE: Parthian kingdom founded in the Middle East and Vastly outnumbered, invader Hannibal uses an original strat-
Near East agem to draw-in the Romans, and then pretty much annihi-
In any event, facing numerically-superior forces, Hannibal, By First Emperor of China Qin Shi (reigned locally, then na-
instead of lining-up tionally, over 260 - 210 BCE time span)… the Wall would
his forces head-to-head against the massed Romans, be built along 1,200 miles of China’s northern border. It
instead assembles them in a V-formation, was between 20 - 50 feet high, and 18 - 30 feet wide, with a
with the point of the V, roadway on top… Qin Shi actually reigned under the name
like a dagger, First Emperor… he unified China… regarded by many as the
pointing straight at the Romans Founding Father of China.
When the Romans advance, Hannibal feigns weakness, The Great Wall’s more muscular successor would be built
and gradually, gradually 17 centuries later, over a 300 year time span… 1400 - 1700
‘collapses’ the front pointed-part of the V, CE… further south… 4,000 miles long under the extraordi-
steadily drawing the Romans deeper-and-deeper nary Ming Dynasty.
inexorably into the womb of an encirclement
Thunderation! Xian, China 3rd Century BCE
Then, Hannibal signals a full-scale attack - from all directions,
- a de facto lethal Terra Cotta Army, (meaning, Clay Army) Xian necropolis
‘double-envelopment” ( in military-speak) (meaning, City of the Dead), Shaanxi Province, China, buried
- and annhilates the Roman army 210 BCE… by (same above-noted First) Emperor Qin Shi.
( The estimated extraordinary count of 50,000 Romans killed [Vies with Egypt’s ~80-90 pyramids as the pre-eminent (sur-
in one day, viving) man-made “Wonder-of-the-World” from Ancient
is a unique figure in military annals. ) times… 8,000 (80% of) life-size CLAY replicas/represen-
tations of personal battalions - in formation - and in battle
Eighty Roman senators were either killed or captured at Can- dress with weaponry and chariots - of First Emperor of Chi-
nae, as the Roman senators had come-along-for-the-ride, na, Qin Shi… 38 year crafting (note, vs. 20 for the Great
anticipating basking-in-the-glory of a dramatic victory over Pyramid of Giza, in particular) by 700,000 workers leading
Hannibal up to Qin Shi’s death in 210 BCE… his (clay) ‘warriors’ (in
[HASMONEAN: Two decades after Judah Maccabeus de- Remember that when Matisyahu and his five sons revolted
feats Antiochus, his brother Simon Maccabeus in 145 BCE against Antiochus, Matisyahu and Judah were not necessary
sets up a Maccabean Dynasty. angling to establish a dynasty… and the Jews do not neces-
sarily crave for any individual, let alone a family, and let
- Thus a revolutionary family shifts gears and asserts a ‘royal alone a family abusing its power, reigning over them…
claim’ to leadership, a claim far from universally welcome by
the Jews… a corruption-plagued dynasty which will prevail {144 BCE Huge AQUEDUCTS bring water to Rome……
100 plus years before becoming a client kingdom of Rome in
37 BCE, with the installation of Rome-backed (technically - as the Romans had developed hydraulic cement which does
non-Jewish) Herod-the-Great as King of Israel. not dissolve in water, allowing the Romans to build larger
aqueducts}
Spanning ~100 years, the Hasmonean dynasty/kingdom was
the only independent Jewish state to exist in the four cen- HASMONEAN: (back-at-the-ranch) February 135 BCE, Si-
turies post-the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah by the mon Maccabeus and his two sons are assassinated
Babylonians in 586 BCE… and was essentially the last prior
to the modern State of Israel (1948 CE)… - at the instigation of his son-in-law (the Judean) Ptolemy (not
Thunderation! An Integrated Jewish Timeline Summa Metaphysica II: God and Good
© 2007 by David Birnbaum © 2005 by David Birnbaum
Office of David Birnbaum: DBprivate@aol.com Office of David Birnbaum: DBprivate@aol.com
The Jews are not the Romans or the Persians or the Baby- The commencement of the “Roman Empire’]
lonians. Victory does not entitle the general to dynasty. And
the Maccabean victory over Antiochus bequeathed no moral But Caesar’s reign is to be short-lived (see below, only five
imperative for Maccabean (HASMONEAN) rule over the years…)
Jews.
Thunderation! Julius Caesar, Emperor of Rome, assassinat-
General Pompey appoints (the weak) Hyrcanus as a puppet- ed, Ides of March 44 BCE
government symbol via the High Priest-hood, and Pompey
dispatches Aristobulus, nemesis of Hyrcanus, and pretender ‘Et tu Brute’ ? ’… “You, as well, Brutus?” - Caesar - accord-
to the Jewish throne, back to Rome in chains. ing to Shakespeare - as Brutus, a former friend of Caesar,
had joined the rebels to assassinate Caesar and restore the
Meanwhile, the puppet Hyrcanus has not only his main mas- Republic from the hands of the now-dictator (Caesar).
ter, Pompey, on-his-case, but the old intriguer Antipater still
manipulating full-time backstage. Later emperor Mark Ant- [ there is actually an antecedent biblical parallel, to the fa-
ony will in 40 BCE , 23 years later, strip Hyrcanus II of all mous line Et tu Brute’ … The biblical parallel is from Samuel
titles, and then bestow the kingship on Herod. I ( Shmuel Aleph) 900 years prior -
“Ha-gam Sha-ul ba-N’veim” - Is [ King] Saul as well with
Thunderation! 63 BCE-37 BCE, Hasmonean (Maccabeean) these false prophets ?
rule continues or
to put the words in Greek-style Et tu, Saul ? ( wink) }
- but under the ‘protection’ and supervision of Rome. Hasmo-
nean rule has a dark side to it. See encyclopedia articles for but, back to Caesar…
more of the depressing saga.
The rebels were known as the ‘Liberatores‘, and included
Thunderation! 49 BCE Julius Caesar defies the Roman Sen- Cassius, brother-in-law of Brutus. After the initial knife thrust
ate and crosses the Rubicon (river)…. by Casca was deflected by Caesar, apparently approximately
60 senators participated in the knifing/assassination of the
- seizes power and reigns from 49 BCE… soon as ‘Perpetual Emperor/Dictator, including, of course, prime protagonists
Dictator’ of Rome Brutus and Cassius…
[Marks the historical transition from the The assassins in March 44 BCE hoped to restore the normal
(quasi-democratic) running of the Republic, but the denoue-
450 year-old “Roman Republic” (510 BCE to Julius Caesar ment was another Roman civil war, which led eventually to
44 BCE) the almost-permanent establishment of the (military dicta-
torship) Roman Empire - by Caesar’s adopted heir Octavius
to (Augustus)
Thunderation! An Integrated Jewish Timeline Summa Metaphysica II: God and Good
© 2007 by David Birnbaum © 2005 by David Birnbaum
Office of David Birnbaum: DBprivate@aol.com Office of David Birnbaum: DBprivate@aol.com
so, Julius Caesar has the “last word” after all… according to Jewish law he (technically) was not. But, ‘tech-
nical’ is generally a ‘deal-breaker’ in Judaism. Jewish history
Caesar is front-and-center on the stage of world history, with remains somewhat schizophrenic on the Herod matter, and
details of his life recorded by many historians, including Plu- prefers to just refer to him as Herod the Great. Of course, to
tarch and Strabo… the Orthodox, there is no havah-amina (Talmudic/Aramaic
for: ‘no starting-point to the question’….no circumcision;
Caesar authored the work Commentaries on his military cam- not Jewish; no discussion )
paigns
Herod was, indeed, a “super-achiever”, but ‘Herod the Hom-
…was a political rival of the famous orator Cicero, and we icidal Paranoid Megalomaniac’ would probably be more pre-
know Caesar somewhat by the flowery and legendary oratory cise appellation. Presumably that is why the Roman Senate
of Cicero (not to be confused with the Canaanite general Si- in 40 CE “elected him” as King of the Jews. For Herod was
sero - with an “S” - of 1,000+ years prior) a kindred spirit to the Roman Senate. He was “one of them”:
power-crazed; homicidal; dysfunctional; ready, willing-and-
Thunderation! 40 BCE, Rome (Emperor Mark Antony) ap- able to murder his own children to advance his personal glory
points Herod as King of Judea… and power. And a pretty good builder (wink)
But Herod assumes control only in 37 BCE after prevailing Thus, in any event, matters now come full-circle, with an
in war with the invading Parthians who tried to ‘crash the Idumaean-neo-Jew now displacing a HASMONEAN as king
Roman invasion-party’ in Judea… Roman Emperor Mark of the Jews and Judea. Remember, that Thus, in a bizarre
Antony executes the leader of the Parthians, Antigonos. twist of history, while the Edomites were sidelined by the
patriarch Isaac way back in biblical times, an Edomite/Idu-
Herod arose from a wealthy and influential Idumaean family. maean ends up as ruler of the Jews.
The Idumaeans were successors to the Edomites (of Hebrew
Bible note… descendants of Esau a/k/a Esav) in south-east- Interestingly, the Romans will effectively crown Herod as
ern Judea/ west Jordan. “King of the Jews”,
and will then, 73 years later, mock Jesus with the same ap-
As noted above, when the Maccabean (HASMONEAN) John pellation, “King of the Jews”, with a placard around his neck,
Hyrcanus conquered Idumaea in 130-140 BCE, he required as Pilate and functionaries crucifies him.
all Idumeaens to obey Jewish law or leave; Most Idumaeans
apparently converted to Jewish practices at that point. But not but, back to Herod…
necessarily, formal circumcision-conversion by the males.
But ‘formal circumcision’ is not a small matter in conversion Note that importantly, as well, Herod was the second son
of males. of Antipater the Idumaean, the machiavellian manipulator
of Hyrcanus… until Antipater was poisoned in 43 BCE that
So, while King Herod identified himself as Jewish and was is… (possibly by Herod himself, his very son)
considered as such by much of contemporary Jewish society,
Moving-right-along, Wikipedia notes: “ 29 BCE: Josephus And it represented not just fine architecture, and not just a
writes that Herod had great passion and also great jealousy nation, but an attempt at a higher level of existence.
concerning his wife Mariamne I. She learns of Herod’s plans
to murder her, and stops sleeping with him. Herod puts her on Counterpoised against Herod’s glistening white hilltop white
trial on a trumped-up charge of adultery. Writings state that marble Temple,
Mariamne I was calm and serene at her execution at the age where doves are sacrificed to God,
of 25 years, having given birth to 5 children in 7 years”. 1,426 miles to the west is the symbol of Rome - the gladia-
tor amphitheatre - where human prisoners are pitted against
Later in 29 BCE Herod has his mother-in-law Alexandra ex- each other - and against wild animals - as ‘blood sport’ to the
ecuted. howl of the crowd - and for their “daytime entertainment”. A
very refined group - and Empire - for sure. The State-spon-
28 BCE Herod executes his brother-in-law Kostobar. sored gore-and-sadism in the public ampitheatre, would only
be trumped by the licentiousness in the Palace itself.
Thus, one father, one wife, one mother-in-law, and two broth-
ers-in-law of Herod are now dead ‘prematurely’. (The main There is so much human blood spilled, that pleasantly aro-
dining room table in Herod’s palace dining room, would in- matic “Stone Pine” trees are planted surrounding amphithe-
creasingly have stately empty chairs around the table at fam- atres in foreign countries. Burning the pinecones will mask
ily gatherings…) the smell of the blood. And, actually, the word “arena” itself
Inasmuch as only Kohanim (Jewish ‘Priest’ class’) are per- Octavian’s victory enables him to further consolidate his
mitted to enter the central zones of the Temple, 1,000 Ko- power; He “accepts” the designation of “Princeps” (”First
hanim are trained as masons and stone-cutters …and presum- Citizen”) and accepts the title of “Augustus”. He is now
ably did the central assembly themselves… close to being a Greek god.
Start-to-finish, it is not clear how long the entire process …now, back to our boy, Herod…
took; Estimates range from 3 years to 25+ years… But Herod
was good at ‘completing projects’, and an experienced ‘tro- 25 - 13 BCE Herod also builds Caesarea Maritima - (the
phy project’ mastermind, …So, the Temple itelf is completed port city of Caesarea) in honor of his patron Caesar back in
probably within 24 months, with the entire extraordinary Rome, and complete with another temple, this one dedicated
Temple Complex essentially complete within fourteen years to the ’divine spirit’ of Augustus. Thus, Herod is an “equal-
( by 8 BCE )… opportunity temple builder”:
“He who has not seen the Temple of Herod, has never seen one for you (the Jews) - and one for you (the Romans)…
anything truly beautiful” - contemporary First Century BCE
wisdom saying Herod is the ultimate ‘juggler’ - or ‘tightrope walker’….His
’survival skills’ are second-to-none….. Unfortunate he didn’t
note: The Temple functions (including karbanot [animal leave a memoir, however nefarious, on the subject of IN-
sacrifices]) apparently continue seemlessly uninterrupted TRIGUE - to match his building and political legacy.
throughout.
12 BCE Emperor Augustus intercedes and stops Herod from
Thunderation! Battle of Actium 31 BCE putting both his sons from his first marriage (to Mariamne I
who he had executed) on trial, as well… but Herod later ex-
Roman power-player Octavian defeats Roman power-player ecutes them in 7 BCE anyway… as well as another son (also
Mark Antony in decisive naval encounter (on the Ionian Sea named Antipater) in 4 BCE.
off the Roman colony of Actium in Greece)
Thus, on reflection, with regards the issue as to whether
The pivotal battle considered to mark the transition from the Herod was - or was not - to be included in the “neo-Jew-
now, back to Judea… No one will ever know the precise actions later, if any, of
Caiaphas, relating to the saga surrounding Passover eve 33
3 BCE King Herod the Great dies CE. There is no first-hand documentation, only after-the-
fact hearsay inserted ~35 - 55 years after the actual events.
… Matters will now move-apace. “Tensions rose higher when But it is indisputable that Caiaphas was an agent of Rome.
pagan Rome took over the appointment of the Jewish High Rome was his master - and his sole master. Caiaphas was a
Priest in 6 CE “(Wikipedia) including the later appointment sycophant foisted onto the Jewish community, and was not
of Caiaphas in 27 CE; its chosen or accepted representative. Defiling the Temple
day-after-day by his very presence, allowing for many years
(Jewish-Roman fighting will break out 33 years later in 66 CE). (sacrilegious) twice-daily sacrifices on behalf of the Emper-
or, and a bane to the Jewish community, the Roman-stooge
Subordination! 6 CE onward… Caiaphas was probably the single most disliked individual in
the world - by the Jews.
As noted, the Jewish ‘High Priest’ at the Temple is no longer
appointed by the Jews, but This point is pivotal, because Christian tradition will (incor-
by the ruling (pagan) Romans; The title ‘High Priest’ remains, rectly) ‘spin’ Caiaphas as the de facto leader of the Jews,
but after 6 CE in-substance the High Priest is now an agent of and will falsely spin him as a political figure of very signifi-
the Roman Procurator in Jerusalem. “Agent” is the nice word; cant temporal power. Christian tradition will then position
“Lackey” - or “Stooge” or “Puppet” is the not-nice word. Caiaphas as directly responsible for the alleged hand-over
of Jesus to the Romans. But Caiaphas had no police power
Caiaphas did not represent the Jews. - and the Romans needed no handover. Jesus had been in the
Caiaphas represented Rome. Roman’s gun sights for three days. Antonia Fortress - the
Roman observation post and garrison - and later, the place to
The Romans put him in place ( he was appointe by Procurator where Jesus was brought by the Romans after his arrest by
Valerius Gratus in 18 CE), propped-him-up for 15+ years un- the same Romans, to become a ‘Station-of-the-Cross’ - was
til the Crucifixion, and provided his costume ( “High Priest”) literally in the northwest corner of the colonnades surround-
Start-to-finish, he was a Roman creature. ing the Temple. Jesus was Public Threat #1 to the Romans.
And they knew very exactly who he was - and where he was.
The Jewish fatal blunder was in not shutting-down the entire They needed no alleged Caiaphas handover, no alleged Judas
Temple appartus when the Temple was compromised - by betrayal and no alleged Judas-kiss to locate him. With 12
Caiaphas’ appointment in 18 CE. Caiaphas was a ’cancer-
Caiaphas did not truly represent anyone except himself. The To set-the-stage for demonizing the Jews, the gospel writ-
Romans thoroughly controlled Jerusalem. Indeed, Roman ers will first shade history, to re-spin the power-dynamics as
Procurator Pontius Pilate had come from Caesarea to Jeru- regards Rome. The gospels will first neuter Rome: its power,
salem for Passover to make absolutely, positively sure that control, authority and ruthless-ness. Because the gospels
there were no troublemakers shaking-things-up. Messianic have plans to prop-up the alleged power another group: the
Leader Jesus of Nazareth was as high-profile a threat to Ro- Jews.
man order as there ever was in Jerusalem. His every-move
would be watched. His location 24/7 would be tracked. So, while the all-powerful Roman organs-of-state must be
downgraded by the gospel-writers in the re-spinning of the
Caiaphas never ‘controlled’ Jesus to begin with, to be in- Jesus drama, the powerless Jewish communal organs, must
position to ‘hand-him-over’. Caiaphas was nominally pre- conversely be rehabilitated and turbo-charged - or even total-
eminent only on the Temple grounds - and by day. Jesus, ly re-invented by the gospel writers - as allegedly viable and
however, was arrested by the Roman soldiers at Gethsemane powerful entities…to allegedly be suitably powerful to cause
Garden at the edge of the Valley of Kidron, on the outskirts - or be a catalyst-for - accessory-to-the-execution-of-Jesus .
of Jerusalem - in darkness - by the Romans, the ‘controlling
Then, parlaying the justified negative reputation which Caia- 33 CE: Showdown at Caesarea
phas already had amongst Jews of Judea, the gospels will
now turn him into a total monster for-all-time, across the en- Non-violent/Passive Resistance #101
tire planet - newly, amazingly somehow responsible - almost
single-handedly - for the arrest, then death of the Christian Pilate instructs his centurions to carry into-Jerusalem under
deity by the Roman Procurator. cover of darkness - their official Roman ensigns, ( ~regimen-
tal ‘battle standards’) which bore medallions of the emperor’s
A powerless sycophant appointed by Rome and foisted upon image ( i.e. of now deity-cult Augustus ) - and brings them to
the Jews, Caiaphas is malevolently re-spun by the gospel Antonia Fortress, contiguous to the Temple Complex ….
writers into a powerful political entity, direct accomplice to
But, Pilate does mass columns of centurions, and threatens to ( Mohandas GANDHI, [and the legendary philosophy of Sa-
’slice the Jews into pieces’ if they do not return home imme- tyagraha - resistance to tyranny through civil disobedience -
diately to Jerusalem…The protestors do not budge… attributed to him in the mid-20th century] not-quite-born-yet
for 1,833 more years… )
Pilate orders his troops to draw-their-swords…The Jews do
not budge. The astute First Century Jewish mastermind, behind the
‘Caesaria Satyagraha’, whoever he was, understood full-well
To preclude giving Pilate a pretext to massacre them, the pro- that the Romans wanted ‘total local control’…But that if one
testors fling themselves down to the ground ready to die… yielded total local control to them, they would be vulnerable
to moral protest, as, what the Romans truly feared, was an
Silence. out-of-control nationwide conflagration
The Jewish protest leaders then announce to the Romans that Historical pivot-point: 33 CE Jesus executed by Roman
all the protestors are fully prepared to die for their religious procurator Pontius Pilate
honor…Pilate pauses.
… son of God in Christian tradition…
….then backs down ! - and advises that the offending ensigns on
the Temple Mount will, indeed, be removed from Jerusalem …a Galilean Jewish teacher and preacher from the Jewish
perspective
the 33 CE the Jewish protest-leaders understood that, in prin-
In 38 CE - five years after the Roman execution of Jesus in Jeru- Fearing a conflagration, Roman governor of Syria (with
salem, Emperor Caligula in Rome declared himself a god - and dominion over Judea), Publius Petronius, slows-down and
ordered his statue to be set up at every temple and synagogue delays the construction of the statue for nearly a year. Cal-
across the empire. Jewish riots broke out in Alexandria, Egypt. igula is made aware of the delaying action, but is strangely
simpatico to Publius’s maneuver blocking his own (Caligula)
In 40 CE riots by the Jews again break out over the same is- request, inasmuch as while Caligula is somewhat mad, he
sue in Alexandria. is not suicidal. Quite-the-contrary. The salient point is that
the Roman Governor is careful not to overplay-his-hand as
In 40 CE (Hellenistic-Jewish philosopher) Philo of Alex- regards Jewish religious honor. The local Roman rulers are
andria (a/k/a Philo Judaeus) 20 BCE - 50 CE …. heads of attuned to the sensitivities of ‘Jewish honor’, and, as a matter
a delegation of Alexandrian Jews importuning Caligula in of policy, wish to avoid going over Jewish ‘red lines’. And
Rome regarding the anti-Semitic Alexandrian conflagration. the Jews of Judea in the ‘first century’ have no shortage of
In Judaism, Philo is more regarded as a prominent histori- ‘red lines’. But the Romans, with dominion over the world’s
cal hybrid philosopher figure than necessarily as a ‘Jewish greatest empire, are sometimes wont to over-reach, some-
philosopher’ per se. He is more ‘a philosopher who was Jew- times with deliberate orders from Rome, sometimes through
ish’. Judaism remains ambivalent towards him - We sort of overly-impetuous subordinates. On some level, with the hu-
‘like him’ and are proud of him, but he is not quite one of our bris of empire, and with their own hyper-aggressive Roman
‘standard bearers’. ( Philo himself may have liked being in legions as a backdrop, they are hard-wired to ‘press to the
that ambiguous zone…) max’. The Jewish right-wing (or far-right wing) however is
not particularly interested in the nuances of the Roman ma-
[Philo is known for synthesizing Greek and Jewish Thought. cho psyche. With no referee to intervene, the two ‘forces’
As both bodies of thought are (at that particular point-in-time) - one politico-military and one politico-spiritual - continu-
monotheistic in substance, and Aristotelian in style, a clean ously grate against each other… intermittently skirmish…
synthesis with a Philo-spin is effected, without intellectual and are perhaps fated to eventual collide (not once, but three
acrobatics necessary]. major times within a ~70 year time-span ~67 CE - 137 CE.
In 40 CE Jews in Jamnia (Yavneh, Central Israel) destroy an In 41 CE - Caligula’s assassination (unrelated to the Jews) in
altar to Caligula (Emperor of Rome) January, 41 CE in Rome ends that particular (putative statue-
in-the-Temple) incendiary issue, but…
Angered by the destruction of the statue of himself in Jamnia,
Caligula, back in Rome, ups-the-ante and orders a statue of In 62-64 CE In Jerusalem, Roman procurator Gessius Flo-
himself be erected in the Holy Temple of Jerusalem; rus steals Temple taxes (by all accounts apparently), further
‘bringing-matters-to-a-boil’ - and strengthening the political
The Jews of Judea gear-up for revolt against Caligula and position of the (Jewish) Zealots… who continue to ratchet-
up for rebellion.
They are associated historically (along with the Zealots) with The Jews have just kicked ’superman’ (i.e. the Roman Em-
the destruction of Jerusalem’s food supply when the city was pire) in the shin. And ’superman’ is not amused.
under incipient Roman siege c. 66CE, with their (difficult to
understand) logic being that their actions would preclude ne- But, then again, neither are the Jews.
gotiations with the Romans. This action has not been viewed
kindly by Jewish history. Rome then dispatches an Expeditionary Force, the Roman
One of their leaders, Eleazar ben Ya’ir, escaped the Roman 12th Legion, as a ‘show-of-force’, to quell the disturbances.
onslaught and fled with others to Masada, where he became a The Jewish nationalist-religious rebel forces, trying to throw-
pre-eminent leader in that resistance saga and eventual mass- off the ‘yoke of Rome’, elect to up-the-ante themselves…
suicide.
The Roman Expeditionary force is ambushed-in-force and
Thunderation! First (major) Jewish Revolt against Roman attacked by Jewish rebel forces at Bet Horon pass ( the pre-
Empire, Caesarea, Upper Galilee. Palestine-Israel-Judea, 66 CE cise locale of an earlier Maccabean victory ~200 years pri-
or) outside of Jerusalem… the Roman 12th Legion (Legio
[Nero has been Emperor of Rome since 54 CE; XII Fulminata) is routed… 6,000 elite Roman legionnaires
are killed in pitched-battle with the Jewish Forces… To add
The price of internal civil war in Judea between Hyrcanus to the Roman humiliation, the 12th Legion’s Eagle ‘battle
and Aristobulus, was a mortal weakness which General Pom- standard’ (its aquila), inviolable, has been lost to the Jewish
pey of Rome had exploited to gain control back in 63 BCE Forces, as well…
with relatively minimal effort. The proud Judeans bristled at
Roman rule, and the Zealots viewed the Occupation through The Jewish forces additionally seize dozens, if not hundrds
their own lens. The end-result of the initial internecine Jew- of artillery pieces and other armnaments, to be used effect-
ish fighting was ultimately to be an unmitigated national di- vely later in the defense of Jerusalem
saster on a grand catastrophic scale.
This resounding engagement-triumph by the Zealot-alliance
Having played at the zenith of both the spritual and temporal Subsequently, over 20% of the entire Roman expeditionary
world, on-and-off for 1,000 years, the Zealots of Judea are re- army is mobilized for battle, and marched into Judea, one
ally, truly not interested in subjugation by pagan, idolatrous, army from the north; one from the south - to crush the electri-
licentious if not depraved, Rome… fying Jewish revolt. With Rome marching back on recently-
seized Jerusalem, the Jews will be “pre-occupied”…
In isolation, the Bet Horon victory was glorious. But, in
context, it brought the full wrath of a powerful, aggressive, As for Jerusalem itself, Jerusalem was an internationally rec-
wealthy, proud, marauding and, last-but-not-least, slave-hun- ognized ‘trophy’ city, and Rome, master of symbolism, was
“Last Stand of the Jews” 2,000 years down-the-road, troops of the Israeli Armored
Corps and of the Givati Brigade and other IDF (Israeli De-
….and eventually, mass-suicide, fense Forces) troops will take their Oath of Duty at high
of the 960 Jewish “Zealot” rebels against Rome’s ~20,000- noon…overlooking the Judean desert far below - from on
man Tenth Legion, top of the 100 degree sun-baked plateau of Masada…
Masada Fortress, Negev Desert ( west of the Ded Sea )
”Masada shay-nit lo ti-pol”…
subsequent to the destruction of Temple II in nearby Jerusa-
lem… during Jewish-Roman War I 70 CE…..about 2 years *
prior
”Masada shall not fall again”
… Masada, under the leadership of Eleazar ben Ya’ir, held
out for three years… ====
Masada, a former Herodian retreat/refuge , was located in now, back on the Jewish v. New-Christian front…
All four Gospels were originally written in Greek, a differ- Note that this book steers well-clear of core Christian dog-
ent language than Jesus and his disciples used - which was ma. This work respects all religions - to the extent that they
Hebrew and Aramaic. do not gratuitously defame others and endanger other’s lives.
Only several gospel-asserted vignettes which are particularly
The dates which most of the world ascribe to the writings destructive to the Jews - and which have significantly im-
of the gospels, diverge from the dates which the Church as- pacted Jewish history over-the-centuries - are brought into
cribes. focus.
The gospels were intended for a far different audience ( pri- ***
marily Gentiles) than the Jewish common people to whom
Jesus preached. Traditional Christian scholarship will place the Gospels ~50s
Consistency-wise, the anti-Jewish vignettes break down, as The “devil” was literally “in-the-details” here, with the de-
well. The ‘fact pattern’ of one will tend to undermine the ‘fact monization more a ‘composite’ than one single libel; That is
pattern’ of the next. the point of this focus, of course. The ‘demonic composite’.
“Connecting-the-dots” from a “demonization-of-the-Jews” This ‘demonic composite’ then achieves ’critical mass’ - and
perspective, however, will unfortunately reveal a pattern of pretty quickly - when 4 individually-demonizing gospels are
an ominous and deadly gambit (elucidated below). stiched-together as one entity - and then positioned alongside
the Tanach ( the Jewish bible ) as a parallel ’Testament’. A
The Roman Wars (against the Jewish rebellions of Jesus’s parallel bible.
Palestine) - which decimated the Jewish community - brack-
eted (66 CE - 135 CE) and consequently spanned the entire ***
period of the writing and initial promulgation of the Canon
Gospels (68 CE - 110 CE)… Thus, the Jews will be “dis- A reader of the four gospels even once, cannot help but walk
tracted”, to put it mildly, for the entire duration of the writ- away hating every Jew who ever walked-the-planet. The
ing and initial promulgation of what were to emerge as the amazing thing, once this demonization-gambit is employed
“Canon Gospels”… First appearing in the midst of the Ro- - as ‘Holy Writ’ in libraries, in schools, in Church and at-
man assaults against the Jews, the Canon-gospel vilifications home - is not that there is anti-Semitism; The amazing thing
of various Jewish icons in the Gospels could not realistically is, rather, that even after 17 centuries as the object of this
be challenged by the Jewish elite and opinion leaders of that institutionalized hatred, there is even one single Jew still left
time- as standing on the planet.
1) The Jews were under siege by the Romans in one form or
another at-that-point-in-time… ***
a) The religious elite was either fighting, dead or enslaved
b) In war-ravaged Judea, every household was fighting for The “Canon Gospels” as we know them, were only initially
economic survival, as well, and would prioritize putting ‘canonized’ by
food on-the-table, and trying to stay alive and free, (later-to-be Saint) Irenaeus [of Lyons] c. 185 CE
before necessarily engaging time and energy with the myriad This was later re-ratified by the Council of Rome 382 CE
of Christian polemics and
Now, if the (alleged) Sanhedrin trial was before Passover, the Thus, an alleged Sanhedrin Trial could not have taken place
Gospel sequence breaks down (as how could Jesus then be a before, during, or after the First Night of Passover. That pret-
free man - and, indeed, how could he be alive - going-into the ty much ‘covers the bases.
Seder - plus other anomalies and inconsistencies)
Note:
If the (alleged) Sanhedrin trial (as Gospel-asserted, in a Jeru- According to John, Jesus was executed by Pilate the day
salem dwelling) was during the night of Passover, the Gospel (Nissan 14) leading-into Passover that evening.
sequence again breaks down. (as how could Jesus be in two According to Luke and Matthew, he was executed during the
places at the same time - in the several remaining darkness day (Nissan 15) after the Last Supper.
hours post-Seder, plus other anomalies and inconsistencies. According to Mark (14:2) Jesus was executed after Nissan 15.
To comply with other components of Gospel doctrine, Jesus
would need have been arrested by Caiaphas post-midnight; No comment.
witnessed one of Caiaphas’s crew have his ear cut off; be
whisked to a Sanhedrin meeting inside Jerusalem; face a full- Modern scholarship dismisses the libel of a Sanhedrin Trial -
scale Sanhedrin trial including (false) witnesses, be cross-ex- as a fabrication. Any alleged Sanhedrin trial could only have
amined carefully by his his interrogators, endure beatings and taken place in “limbo time”. Meaning, respectfully, it never
other vicissitudes, all by daybreak. Breathtaking, for sure. happened. It is a fabrication. The ‘construct’ breaks down
on multiple levels. There are multiple internal contradictions
# Nero ############################
54 CE to 68 CE
[1st Jewish Revolt ~67 CE; The ‘historian’ JOSEPHUS (the contentious Jewish person-
General Vespasian dispatched to Judea] ality/ scholar/ rebel commander/ historian-prisoner/ Roman-
guest-in-retirement) / (traitor?) is the primary source of in-
# [”Year of the Four Emperors”: formation for this period. It is hard to categorize ‘Josephus’,
Galba; Otho; Vitelius….Vespasian but it is clear that he ‘adapts’. His works are sometimes not
68 CE] 100 percent consistent. His depiction of events, in particular,
is suspect, as he was beholden to his Roman patrons, particu-
# Vespasian larly Titus (who maintained him alive - after his first career
69 CE to 79 CE as a Jewish commander within the original northern revolt)
[son Titus ends Jewish Revolt I in 70-73 CE] However, overall his credibility among scholars is relatively
high, notwithstanding all of the above, interestingly enough.
# Titus Presumably his ’stellar ego’ kept-him-straight. ]
79 CE to 81 CE
[Arch of Titus; Thunderation! (Rebbe) AKIVA (15 CE - 135 CE)
Vesuvius erupts 79 CE ;
[well-studied excerpt: The debates on the Oral Law - and decisions of the Tannaim
are contained in the Mishnah, the Bereita and the Tosefta (as
“Christus [Christ] from whom the name is derived… was ex- well as Midrashic compilations).
ecuted at the hands of the procurator Pontius Pilate in the
reign of Tiberius.” Thunderation! the Gospel of Judas (~150 CE)
“….at the hands of Pintius Pilate”. Period. No assistant or as- [Surfaced in the 1970 CE - 1993 CE time frame; partially re-
sociated executioners. constructed by 2006; incendiary historical document; now de
facto controlled by National Geographic Society; document
Like the Arabic accounts, and, indeed, like the Arabic ac- turns Judas’s alleged nefarious role on-on-its-head 2,000
counts of Josephus, there is no mention at all of any partic- years into the saga.
ipation or collaboration of any Jews whatsoever, or by the
(Roman-appointed) Jewish ‘High Priest’ or of any trial or in- The Gospel of Judas (which may or may not be bona fide)
stitutional action by the Sanhedrin] amplifies on the theme running through the Canon Gospel of
John ( see, in particular John 13:23-33) that Jesus actively
—– facilitated his arrest, i.e. that Jesus facilitated his own mar-
tyrdom.
( The scarce allusion to Jesus in Joephus relates to him as be-
ing the ‘brother of James”, i.e. James the Just. The authentic- Weighing all that I have studied in regards this matter, my
ity of this passage has been challenged. Meaning, there may own (intuitive) ‘take’ on-the-matter would be more nuanced
have been no mention of Judas in Josephus. ) than either of the classic analyses, more of a hybrid…..
The Jews rise up in revolt after the Romans build a temple to ======
Jupiter on the site of the Jewish Temple. While the Romans
are originally forced-out of Jerusalem by the forces of Bar start:
Kochba, three years later Roman armies under the command Jesus, an entity of very, very high consciousness, surely knew
of Julius Severus retake Jerusalem and sack it… Bar Koch- that he would be arrested by the Romans if he stirred-up the
And, if the crowds were not ignited by his message and deeds, The heavily pejorative renditions of a disciple - “Judas” in
his almost-certain crucifixion might give him a place in Di- particular - whose (assigned) name obviously so very closely
vine immortality… sounds like the name “Jew”, will, as well, have grave conse-
quences for the Jews over the centuries to come.
>> end <<
When the non-attuned ‘ear’ - for all time - hears “Judas”, it
========== registers “Jew”.
This informal more-nuanced schema noted just above would, In twentieth century Nazi Germany: the yellow “Jude” star patch
respectfully, comport with our understanding of the high-lev-
el-consciousness Jesus, and our sifting-through the anecdotal The symbolic and subliminal message from the “Judas vi-
and occasional historical bits-and-pieces of data and anec- gnette”:
dotal-tale flowing forth from that year 33 CE….. the Jews are evil incarnate.
******* The Greek “Ioudus” of the New Testament (the Canon Gos-
pels, which were written in Greek) is derived directly from
But, any rendering-of-events which includes a choreo- the name Judah. The English word “Jew”, in turn, is derived
graphed-by-Jesus crucifixion-by-Pilate as a potential out- directly from the Latin Judaeus. In Greek, Latin, Spanish,
come, renders Caiaphas, Judas and the Sanhedrin as morally English and French, the names Judas and Jew are closely
thoroughly irrelevant to the high-stakes drama, whatever interlinked.
their actual role…as it is, after all, then Jesus himself pull-
ing-the-strings… Note that the Roman name for the province which we call
Judea, was Iudaea.
Only the renderings-of-events which have Jesus innocently
walking into the jaws of death - even though he is most ob- But, note that the original Greek name Ioudus is the name
viously on a fatal collision-course with the control-oriented used in the Gospels. Magically, the name Ioudus is NOT em-
Pontius Pilate - can possibly re-orient enough-of-the-play to ployed in the Christian dramatizations (of the Greek-written
leave-an-opening for an attempt to Demonize the Jews - and Gospels);
exculpate the Romans, to whatever small degree. only the incendiary “JUDAS”
The last of the four Canon Gospels, John, (c. 90-110 CE) [in Perhaps “purposeless” theologically. But not “purposeless”
the King James Bible 6:70, 6:71 and 7:1] which crescendos psychologically or politically or symbolically. The demon-
the motifs of the allegedly diabolical Jew, outright positions ization of Judas will achieve one of the strategic goals of
Judas as emblematic of the (allegedly betraying and complic- the Canon Gospels. Among other objectives, the Jews are
itous-to-murder) Jews. Psychologically, by the advent of the trashed and de-legitimized.
Gospel of John, the target audience has already been primed
to the villainization of Jewish icons - by the first three Canon Thus, the original arch-enemy, the Jews, are rendered as
Gospels (known, by the way, as the Synoptic Gospels [c 68- ever-more villainous. Presto. Rome finds its culpability
100 CE]) . The Gospel of John (c. 90-100 CE) will now ratch- magically reduced. Those so-bad Jews must somehow be re-
et-up the demonizations further, and then directly go after the sponsible….
Jews as a people, on several fronts. Respectfully, a primitive-
but-deadly ‘hatchet-job’ cloaked in piety and Greek literary The IMAGE of the Jew which the Gospels are conjuring, is
prose. further demonized.
To be precise, Matthew and John, in particular, target, brand, (Saint) Jerome (374 - 419 CE) denounces Jews (author: The
stigmatize and demonize “the Pharisees” (rabbinic Judaism). verbiage is too incendiary to reprint here) “… of whom Judas
But the Pharisees are the pre-eminent group in Judaism then. was the model”
And, during the years that the New Testament was written,
the other Jewish sects disappeared. Basically the Pharisees (Saint) Augustine (415 CE) …”The true image of the He-
= Judaism. Demonizing the Pharisees, demonizes the Jews. brew is Judas Iscariot…”
They are one-and-the-same.
Thus, the demonization gambit of the Canon Gospel authors is
Weighing the texts and the demonizations, anti-Semitism is further concretized by latter-day Church pillars. But this would
de facto enshrined as core doctrine, no matter which way one be a logical extension for sincere religious devotees, not able
twists-and-turns. to pierce through the gambit. Diabolical/Demonic IMAGERY
is thus more formally codified as emblematic doctrine.
Thunderation! The Mishnah is redacted by Yehuda ha-Nassi note paraphrase, then text: (from John 13)And when Jesus
~200 CE period had given Judas the bread to designate him (Judas) to go and
reveal Jesus’s identity to Jesus’s enemies, “Satan entered
….Rabbi Judah the Prince….b. 135 CE; dies 219 CE…in unto him (Judas)”
Eretz Israel primarily in the 179-219 CE period…Rav Ye-
huda ha-Nassi is referred to as “REBBE” and as “Rabbeinu So, “Satan entered into him (Judas).”
ha-Kodesh”… was the son of Rebbe Gamliel II… and his life The quintissential literary assassination of all-time.
was intertwined, according to lore, with that of Roman ruler
Marcus Aurelius… so, according to Saint John,
Jesus designates Judas to go to his enemies; Then, notwith-
The Amoraim Period 220 - 500 CE: standing the fact that Jesus is driving this saga, “Satan en-
tered” Judas. Hmmm…
The amoraim - the rabbis of the Talmud - redact the Mishnah
(of the tannaim) noted above. Jesus DESIGNATES; then Satan ENTERS Judas… And, of
course, Judas is positioned to represent the Jews…so, ac-
Constantine (272-337 CE) morphs into a ‘force multiplier’ cording to the Gospel-Imagery-Construct, the Devil entered
for Christianity, in general - but also for the Canon Gospels, the Jews
in particular. And the Canon Gospels carried within their cor-
pus their intense toxicity towards the array of Jewish icons Very sweet.
laced through their pages.
But actions - including demonization gambits - have conse-
As noted, the Gospels trash an array of Jewish icons. As the quences
Gospel series moves forward, they all more-or-less all paint
the same brush-strokes re: the Jews - Watch, now, the black smoke slowly curling-up skyward
from the so-tall brick chimney of the Auschwitz cremato-
diabolical/ sinister/ money-obsessed/ betraying/ murderous/ ria…millions murdered
conspiratorial / bloody-handed / Christ-killer
This conjured diabolical IMAGE (constructed to represent Now, once any group is stigmatized and cast or pigeon-holed
the Jews) will permeate the consciousness of Christendom, in as demonic or sub-human, ‘bad things start happening to
general, and Greater Europe, in particular, for the centuries to good people’ - steadily and inexorably. Any group less tena-
come. “Passion Plays” and “Passions of the Christ” movies cious and resilient than the Jews, would probably have be-
would re-package and re-play - re-enforce - and re-embed - come totally unhinged many times over as a consequence.
the Imagery into the consciousness of Greater Europe The discriminations, defamations, persecutions, houndings,
expulsions and killings would, indeed, prove relentless.
The incendiary and pervasive destructive power of this le-
thal conjured IMAGE - projected by the Gospels into both Demonization tends to be a self-fulfilling slander. As the dig-
the conscious and subconscious - will take on a life-of-its- nity, civil rights, means-to-livelihood, self-esteem, and inter-
own. Impressionable European youths will be primed over- related self-confidence of the target-group are increasingly
the-centuries for a lifetime of negativity towards Jews. At-a- stripped-away, the fabric of the target-group will generally
minimum, wariness or ill-will; At-a-maximum, hostility or tend to become ‘undone’. The group will tend to become
outright hatred, and mass murder. more insular. It may be forced ‘on-the-run’ with all the mul-
titude of trauma and problems which that entails. It will then
Diabolical Imagery will be passed-on father-to-son, genera- become increasingly easier and easier - and indeed, self-ful-
tion-to-generation. It will become part of the culture itself. filling - to ‘make-the-case’ that ‘they are not like us’.
The Jews - heirs to the legacy of Abraham, Moses, King Da- If, however, notwithstanding the unrelenting assaults, the
vid and King Solomon - would be demonized, trashed and target group is still unbowed, its members are attacked as
then cast as sub-human. They would be an object of manu- ‘elitist’ and ‘arrogant’. And, of course, ‘insular’.
factured hatred of the highest intensity.
Once the integrity and credibility of an individual or a group
This pervasive virulent hatred would figuratively and liter- is undermined, members of the group have to work ‘twice-
ally fling the Jews from the peaks of Mt. Sinai - to the ovens as-hard in life’ just to survive. Once their basic humanity,
of Auschwitz and the blood-soaked muck-depths of the Babi decency and legitimacy is challenged, the situation becomes
Yar ravine. ‘problematic’. Survival itself is threatened on an ongoing ba-
sis, let alone dignity and livelihood - and advance.
The Jews ( those who remained alive, that is) would (almost,
almost) forget who they once were. A low-level ‘bonfire of hate’ is lit - and maintained for centu-
ries. Any clever demagogue or tyrant can readily stoke-the-
Note that in Matthew (c. 70-100 CE) - and in variations there- From the sequence-of-events, logically they cannot be both.
of in the other Gospels and related Early Christian texts - on
the first day of Passover, Judas (in 33 BCE) is first alleged Is Judas greedy for the SILVER - or is he rabid for
to have betrayed - for ‘thirty pieces of silver’ - the where- BLOOD?
abouts of Jesus - who had preached front-and-center at the
Temple court the day(s) prior… then moving along with this Please enlighten us - so we are aware of the ‘Demonization
pejorative portrayal of events, Judas, having repented (in the du jour’
Matthew version) ends up (in the Matthew account) alleg-
edly then throwing the same tainted silver right back into the Respectfully, the Demonizers cannot ‘have-it-both-ways’ -
Temple, (and in this Gospel only, hangs himself) whereupon (one would think)
the chief (Jewish) Priests and Jewish Elders then allegedly Gospel-writ or no Gospel-writ
purchase (a field to bury strangers in) - the ‘field of blood’ (
Matthew 27: 8 ) - since the (alleged) silver is (now, also al- For, Judas cannot have simultaneously both -
legedly ) ‘the price of blood’( Matthew 27:6 ) The incendiary # kept the silver
Very confusing to follow this symbolic character assassina- But then, magically, assorted Jewish icons are fingeredby the
tion of Judas, i.e. the Jews. gospels- as having ‘betrayed’ the location of Jesus…..
A parallel ‘contradictory-setup’ was also Thus, respectfully, the basic foundation upon which the unre-
in-place vis a’ vis the knowledge of the whereabouts of Jesus lenting Jew-bashing plays out, is structurally unhinged. The
in Jerusalem ‘foundation beams’ of the entire ‘betrayal’ construct simply
do not fit together.
Much attention is given in Christian lore and in the Gospels
themselves to the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem The time-venerated ‘betrayal gambit” is, respectfully, a non-
- and to the subsequent uproar Jesus caused in the Temple starter
Court, perhaps 3-days-running, under the very eyes of the
However, aside from the somewhat amorphous demonization Good vs. Evil
motifs of ‘blood money’, ‘blood & betrayal’, etc. , there is
now a new “ticking time bomb”: the BLOOD LIBEL.The Saint vs. Sinner
‘blood & betrayal’ theme will be embellished-upon. This
‘BLOOD LIBEL’ Virgin purity v. Diabolical corruptness
‘ticking-time-bomb’ will finally explode in full fury in the
12th century, first in the William of Norwich case, where- Redemption vs. Damnation
upon all the Jews of Norwich, England were slaughtered; The
incendiary libel will then continue thereafter, exploding in- Angelic vs. Demonic
termittently through the centuries: through the 20th century
Beilis Trial in Russia and the Kielce pogrom in Poland - and Godly vs. Satanic
even into Jewish communities in Syria and beyond.
Selfless vs. Greedy
The Jews are not ‘into” blood. There are severe and tough
Biblical and Rabbinic restrictions proscribimg Jews from Pure vs. Impure
blood. But, the facts are not allowed to interfere with the li-
bels. No stone - or theme - is left unturned.
(see Search-Engine keywords: blood libel against Jews). The facts are not allowed to interfere with the Demoniza-
tions.
The amalgam of the inter-related - and almost unrelenting
- defamations and diabolical imagery will achieve critical de- Judaism most certainly allows the healing-of-the-sick on
structive mass. And will feed upon itself. Shabbat, and most certainly in-the-synagogue, but the Jews
of Mark’s synagogue (Mark 3:4) are castigated for their al-
The writers of the gospels will stitch-onto their writings vari- leged ”hardness of their hearts” (Mark 3:5) that they ( the
ous grotesque caricatures of sundry Jewish icons and figura- Jews, allegedly) might “accuse him (Jesus)” - and are then
tive representatives, and then later proclaim these trashings demonized for allegedly plotting to “destroy him” over the
as ‘Holy Writ’. Aside from the direct defamation of the Jews, healing.
these defamations will drive a moral wedge between Jesus “Destroy Jesus” over the healing?
and the Jews, his root-nation. While Jesus is portrayed as of Why should the Jews destroy Jesus over the healing ?
Immaculate Conception and all-purity-and-saintly attributes Healing is a Divine imperative for the Jews - including on
A sub-motif of the gospels is that ‘LAW’ (of Moses) is inher- The Church will “make the sale”. Over and over again.
ently trumped by ‘LOVE’. The Jews, however, believe that
the two ( LAW - and LOVE ) live side-by-side, with both “Buy-into our package; Support our team; because we’re
imperatives - Law - and Love/Sensitivity - finding an entente. the Forces of Light against those quite diabolical Forces-of-
Judaism does believe that Love carries with it, Responsibil- Darkness Jews”.
ity. Judaism would plead gulty to that charge.
First ‘setting the stage’ subtly, then ratcheting-up the tem-
Respectfully, it is only if one distorts Jewish Law, that can perature.
one trumpet ‘insensitvity’.
Church hierarchies will employ the same deadly, but politi-
Unfortunately, in the gospels, Judaism is painted and carica- cally useful, stratagem in-parallel. Church sermons. Parochi-
tured icon-by-icon in far worse imagery than in the “Syna- al school. Sunday school. School plays. Bedtime stories.
gogue-healing mini-saga’; It is painted in the brushstrokes of All hiding behind the ‘holiness’ of the Gospels.
‘the hellish and hell’. While Christianity is painted - icon-by-
icon - in the brushstrokes of ‘the heavenly and celestial’. And A tiny, almost miniscule minority in a sea of Christianity,
as victim - of the diabolical & evil ( Jews). averse to stepping-into a church or plowing through Gospel
texts, the Jews will not even fully grasp the depth, breadth or
Christian theology, dogma, and light culture will methodi- intensity of the lethal campaign being waged against them
cally aggressively paint the Jew -the torch-bearer of the Ten unrelentingly and on multiple levels. A full-scale multi-lay-
Commandment - as the total antithesis of everything and any- ered Image Demonization war is being waged against them.
thing positive and redemptive. Directed and orchestrated by the highest echelons. Playing
the same themes, but with just slightly different melodies,
“For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came country-after-country, text-after-text, polemic-after-polemic,
by Jesus Christ.” year-after-year, decade-after-decade, century-after-century.
(John 1:17) From the Gospels. From the pulpit. From school text book.
Through Story Tale and crude tales. The Jews ‘do not stand a
So, Moses, according to Saint John, alas, was not quite ’truth’. prayer’. They will be numbed and decimated by the intermi-
The Church can focus all potential anger (of the masses) Later, with the Gospels of Matthew and John, and then still
towards this conjured mirage. It can ‘rally support’ against later, with the conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine
this conjured mirage. The strategy will prove extraordinarily to Christianity (312 CE), there will be a convergence of in-
‘effective’ over the centuries in consolidating and advancing terests between Rome and its Church to actively politically
the power of the Church. Of course, millions of those Jew- crucify the Jews as a whole. Jewish history, particularly after
ish children condemned by Matthew’s pen will be degraded, Constantine converts, will pivot
denigrated and persecuted, if not also tortured and murdered, (i.e. further implode) as a consequence of its now institution-
in the process. alized ongoing vilification by the Canon Gospels, now dis-
seminated with the full governmental and economic power
The Church’s power will be strengthened on several levels of the Christianized Roman Empire. The Jews are now in a
- as the Jews are positioned as the focus of hatred and ire. murderous vise.
Schematically, ‘Jesus will be hijacked by the Church’ to pro-
mote and foster hate against the Jews. Millions of Jews - the An invisible stratagem is being concretized in-place against
nation of Christianity’s own progenitor - will de facto be is- them. Few Jewish families in Europe will not, over the cen-
sued Death Warrants by the Church, as the Church relentless- turies to come, bury-their-dead prematurely, as a direct con-
ly pursues the consolidation and expansion of its temporal sequence.
power prerogatives.
At this 4th century (Constantine) point-in-time, a still-addi-
Initially (~33 CE - ~100 CE) Judaism per se (as opposed to tional lethal and diabolical theme is layered-on: (Christian)
its icons) will not be openly vilified, until Matthew and John “Theological Anti-Semitism”: With the Jews increasingly
(c. 90-110 CE). But these two incendiary gospels are 50% of persecuted and suffering, the updated Christian theological
the later-to-be canonized gospels. line is not that persecution of the Jews is bad, but, rather, that
Jewish persecution is ’self-inflicted Divine ‘punishment’ for
Anti-Semitism, and the consequent unrelenting demonization No aspect of Jewish life, from cradle to grave, would be un-
and persecution of a miniscule minority over the subsequent touched by the toxic Imagery and the toxic context. A Jewish
seventeen hundred year stretch-of-history post-Constantine - individual would face one obstacle after another in navigat-
across Europe and Euro-Russia, is not some mysterious dark ing through life. Indeed, no Jewish life in Greater Europe
phenomenon. would thereafter be safe.
Demonized - and grotesquely caricatured - by the Church, the To encapsulate, four highly-charged vignettes, in particular,
Jews, were now an instutionally-sanctioned target across the will be employed by the Canon Gospels to effectively de-
far reaches of Greater Europe. Young or old; Rich 0r poor; monize the Jews:
Religious or secular; the malcontents of Europe would even-
tually home-in on them. (1) An alleged Sanhedrin Trial & conviction of Jesus…and
alleged handover to Rome - casting the Jews as confederates
The ‘paper trail’ of the demonization is in all public libraries in the execution of Jesus.
and churches. And quite-a-few hotel rooms.
The ‘smoking gun’ is not concealed; It is bound and out-in- (2) An alleged betrayal by (an asserted disciple of the name)
the-open. Judas for ‘30 pieces of silver’ - to reveal Jesus’s whereabouts
All four vignettes have been discredited. The Church will call the four key allegations noted above
- ‘history’, “Holy Writ of saints, and ”immutable”,
Cumulatively, the four alleged vignettes demonize with over- irrespective of “where the chips ( i.e. Jewish bodies) may
lapping dark themes: fall”
These intertwined four Gospel vignettes alone, will perma- # Penned without any corroboration; and
nently put the lives, property and dignity of Jews at high-
risk….The vignette-constructs will effectively ‘set up’ the # Presented with thoroughly amorphous and contradictory
Jews as ‘fair game’ in the eyes of the masses. chronology
The Church top echelon, and specifically the ongoing Col- and time-inconsistency.
lege of Cardinals (an institution uninterrupted since 1056) -
masters of Imagery for a 1,000 years - have always been quite # Clearly “incendiary”
c) Theological anti-Semitism: the “Perpetual punishment” The list of Church-directed or inspired discriminations and
theme: the wide dissemination of the theme promulgated by persecutions of the Jews is voluminous and long.
Church Father Eusebius of Caesarea (in 325 CE) that the Jews
are perpetually guilty and consequently perpetually punished [see www.shofars.org/persecution/default.htm]
for rejecting Christianity and/or allegedly conspiring to have
Jesus killed by the Romans. The list of vicissitudes which, as a consequence, fanned-out
beyond Europe over-the-centuries, is not short, either…
d) Christianity’s interest in de-legitimizing the Jews.
The original demonizations remain intact to-this-day in the
e) Rome’s interest in deflecting anger for the Crucifixion of Canon Gospels. Meaning, the ‘kindling wood’ of hatred to-
Jesus - to the Jews wards the Jews remains intact and still burning…
- and Greater Europe is transformed into one large “killing
field” of the Jews… for the centuries to come.
Beautiful cathedrals, and beautiful church music and beaut- The Church first conjures-up a grotesque caricature of the
see Search Engines - keywords: Thunderation! 358 CE Hillel II creates a mathematical cal-
endar for calculating the lunar months
anti-Semitism and the Church
Thunderation! Roman Emperor Julian 361 CE - 363 CE al-
anti-Semitism in the Gospels lows the Jews to return to Jerusalem - and gives permission
(not exercised by the Jews) to rebuild the Temple
the Church and the Jews
Thunderation! Augustine 354 CE - 430 CE
the Crusades and the Jews
[Baptized 386 CE … pillar of Catholic Church…]
Torquemada and the Jews, the Spanish Inquisition
Thunderation! 392 CE, Division of the Roman Empire by
The Goan Inquisition (in India via the Portuguese) Theodosius I
It sounds majesterial, but unfortunately, it incorporates, as - and morphs into the (Middle Age) Byzantine Empire a/k/a
well, severe restrictions and discriminations against the Jews Romania or Basileia Romaion.
(’Servitus Judaeorum’). About two hundred years after the
Roman Empire began morphing to Christianity, anti-Judaism The Byzantines continue to call themselves Romans, how-
now gets enshrined into Roman Law itself. [ Precursor to the ever. This Byzantine-Greek-Roman Empire falls, in turn, to
Nuremberg Laws 1400 years in-the-future. ] the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE, ~850 years later.
These now-codified discriminations, (”they shall enjoy no
honors”) would severely impact Jews throughout Europe for Consequently, start-to-finish, if one counts from the begin-
many hundreds of years….Among other abominations, us- ning of the Roman Republic in 510 BCE (centered in Rome)
ing Hebrew at all was forbidden and reciting the core-prayer to the very end (in 1453 CE) of the morphed eastern ‘Roman
the Shema (”Hear O, Israel, the Lord is our god, the Lord is Empire’ - the Byzantine-Greek-Roman Empire - (centered
One…”) was totally banned in particular…Among its more in Constantinople), we are talking about a ‘run’ of well over
machiavellian features: A Jew who converted to Christianity 2,000 years.
was entitled to inherit his or her father’s estate, to the exclu-
sion of the still-Jewish siblings. ] At its territorial peak, under Trajan in 116 CE, (~45 years
after Masada) Rome controlled approx. 2,300,000 square
[1000 year golden empire stressing peace, spirituality, and Thunderation! Mohammed! (570 CE – 632 CE)
learning, particularly during its 500 year zenith in the 400s-
900s CE, a/k/a Unified Shila Kingdom] The historic ‘Hegira’ of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina…
Thunderation! Savoraim 550 CE - 700 CE - the Jewish sages Mohammed, prophet of Islam, one of the most influential
of Persia religious and political/military leaders of all time…
- who fine-tuned the Talmud Bavli (the Babylonian Talmud) Thunderation! The Khazars establish a Jewish kingdom in
the 7th century
Thunderation! papacy of (Saint) Gregory the Great (c. 540
CE - 604 CE) [“The Khazars, a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central
Asia…founded an independent Khaganate in the Northern
Caucasus along the Caspian Sea (southeastern part of Eu-
rope) where over time Judaism became the state religion.
The Gemara, in turn, is the basis for all codes of rabbinic law Thunderation! Battle of Tours, (Poitiers), France 732 CE
and is much quoted in other rabbinic literature. The whole
Talmud is traditionally also referred to as the SHAS (a He- [Frankish warlord Charles Martel (the Hammer’) turns
brew quasi-abbreviation of, the “six orders” of the Mish- back the Muslims (under the command of Abdul Raman Al
nah)… [Talmud Bavli is the same as Talmud Babli which, as Ghafiqi)]
noted prior, is the Babylonian Talmud]
[The appellation “the Hammer” echoes Judas Maccabeus…
The Talmud - as it reached its pre-commentary form in 700 Judah the Hammer, of 900 years prior]
CE - represented an approximately 1,000 year effort.
Thunderation! 793 CE, Vikings raid the British island mon-
As redaction and commentary have been added-on subse- astery of Lindisfarne
quently, as of the year 2,000, the Talmud & ongoing com-
mentary represent a 2,300 year continuous endeavor. [Marks the start of the ‘Viking Age’… particularly in the
British Isles… will tangle with the Franks, as well… under
Not unhinged by pogrom, plague, persecution, exile or com- the Viking Rollo will then take over the Normandy region
munal displacement. (northern France)… but several generations later, the Nor-
[Daf Yomi is daily regimen undertaken to study the entire man descendants of these Vikings, now speaking French
Talmud Bavli one daf (one SHEET, i.e. two actual pages), and identifying themselves as French, effect in 1066 CE the
one day at a time. On that daily basis, it can be completed watershed Norman Conquest (of England) and become the
Thunderation! 800 CE, Charlemagne, (son of King Pepin His bans are considered binding on (Ashkenazic) Jewry to
the Short and grandson of Charles Martel)… 46-year reign this day.
… the Frankish conqueror of Italy, regarded by many as the …Mainz, Germany…a/k/a Rabbeinu Gershom M’Or Hago-
founding father of both France and Germany, and sometimes lah (Our teacher Gershom the light of the exile)….
referred to as the Father of Europe, crowned Emperor by Pope
Leo on Christmas Day… Christianizes Europe, including the his unilateral edicts are pretty unique in Jewish tradition…
Saxons, at the-point-of-the-sword… lore has it that he had 5 but by the force of his stature, his will has prevailed over-
wives, 20 children plus 5 mistresses… Charlemagne main- the-centuries…
tains a protective posture and consequent very close ties with
the Pope, significantly increasing the Church’s influence… Thunderation! Paper Money! printed in China, 1023 CE
His rule is associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a
revival of the arts and education in the West. Thunderation! RASHI born 1040 CE, Troyes, France
Takkanot of Rabbeinu Gershom / The Legal Adjustments 1045 CE: Alfasi moves to Fes, Morocco
(into Orthodox Jewish Law) of Gershom ben Judah (c. 960
CE - ~1035 CE) Rabbi Isaac ben Jacob Alfasi….a/k/a Isaac Hakoen Alfasi…
1) A prohibition on polygamy a/k/a “The Rif”…( 1045 -1103 CE) authors Sefer ha-Hal-
2) A prohibition on summarily divorcing a woman against achot ( Book of Jewish Laws )… teacher of Rav Yehuda Ha-
Thunderation! Saladin conquers Jerusalem from Crusaders [Korean (Choe Yun-ui) invents IRON Movable Type Print-
(1187 CE); allows Jewish settlement ing Press in the East; Gutenberg of Germany ~1436 CE does
same 200 years later in the West… Gutenberg commences
Thunderation! the Samurai warriors emerge as the ruling with printing the Bible and achieves immortality (in the West,
class in Japan 1192 CE that is)… IRON movable-type defined the revolution]
[Beginning of the Shogunate; There were three Shogunates Thunderation! 1263 CE ‘The Disputation of Barcelona’
(Bakufu) in Japan: (Spain)
Kamakura 1192-1333 CE
In front of King James I of Aragon; between the monk Pablo
Muromachi 1338-1573 CE Christiani (a convert from Judaism) , and Rabbi Nachman-
ides (the Ramban). “ Wikipedia: “At the end of the disputa-
Edo (Tokugawa) 1602-1868 CE tion, the king awarded Nachmanides a monetary prize and
declared that never before had he heard ‘an unjust cause so
The Shogunate, (in parallel to many of the reigns of the Ro- nobly defended.’ Nevertheless, the Dominicans claimed vic-
man Empire) although romanticized, was a feudal military tory and Nachmanides was exiled and his report of the pro-
dictatorship] ceedings was condemned and burned…”
Thunderation! Marco Polo (1200s CE) Other historic disputations (disputationes) include:
[Travels to Emperor Kublai Khan’s Court; Chinese gov- 1240 CE Disputation of Paris (during the reign of Louis IX
ernment service & then produces “Travels of Marco Polo” of France (St. Louis)
(1271–1295 CE period); visits Jerusalem in 1275 CE] 1375 CE Disputation of 1375 in Spain
1413 CE Disputation of Tortosa, Spain staged by the Avi-
~1200 CE: Franciscan Order of Friars is founded ( by Saint gnon Pope Benedict XIII
Francis of Assisi )
These disputations - under the aegis of powerful Christian
Thunderation! Magna Carta signed 1215 CE personages - tend not to have “happy endings’ for Jewish
interests.
King John of England muscled by barons… some power
shifts from the king to the nobles back to Nachmanides….Nachmanides ( 1194- c.1270 CE)…
”The Ramban”…Moshe ben Nachman Gerondi….Catalan
Ferdinand & Isabelle the perpetrators Ghetto of Venice, the first of its nefarious genre, established
1516 CE….the ghetto structures remain intact to this day,
some Jews accept the Cross, while well over 100,000 ( pos- complete with modern-day Glatt-Kosher restaurant on the
sibly up to 200,000 ) leave…… famous gondola-laced canal.
… this is 11 years into Spanish Inquisition (see above) which Thunderation! Cortez burns his ships! (1519 CE) eastern
was primarily focused on Marranos - Jews who secretly prac- Mexican shore
[author’s note: I deal extensively with Lurianic Kabbalah in In any event, one must credit Suleiman for attempting to
my own work: Summa Metaphysica] ‘cover-all-bases’.
Thunderation! 1537 CE, Ottoman ruler Sultan ‘Suleiman The ‘Golden Gate’ remains visible - and visit-able albeit
the Magnificent’ rebuilds… sealed to this day.]
the city walls of Jerusalem, 7 of the 8 gates, and the Tower 1554 CE: Cordovero establishes a Kabbalah academy in Safad
of David (Israel )… Moses benJacob Cordovero …( 1522 - 1570 CE )
Why not the eighth gate? Thunderation! Suleiman the Magnificent, 1553 CE, Otto-
man Empire
The ’eighth gate’ is the legendary ’Golden Gate’, the gate
that Jesus of Nazareth rode through in his legendary proces- [Protects Jewish civil rights; orders the Imperial Divan
sion into Jerusalem in the days leading-into Passover Courts to expose the lies of Blood Libels against the Jews;
Jerusalem declared an ‘open city’ for all faiths; religious
The gate is located in the middle of the eastern side of the peace…{author: kishmo ken-hoo - He is indeed magnificent,
Temple Mount. as per his appellation} …Ottoman Empire peaks in 1683]
In both Jewish and Christian traditions (but more emphasized 1567 CE: Jeshiva Jewish university founded in Poland
in Christian tradition) this is the gate through which the Mes- 1577 CE: Hebrew printing press in Safad
siah will enter Jerusalem. 1580 CE: “Council of Four Lands” (Va-ad Arba Aratzot)
meets for first time - in Poland…70 delegates from 4 lands
But, neither the Jews, nor the Muslims believe that Jesus is met as a council in Lublin, Poland….to discuss issues of im-
the Messiah. So, to preclude the Messiah (of the Jews) from portance to the Jews….for almost 200 year time span…
The REFORMED/CALVINIST/PRESBYTERIAN tradition [Only this particular poetic greeting of the Sabbath (“Bride”)
received the imprimatur of the ARI (Luria, noted above) for
The ANABAPTIST tradition inclusion in the prayer service; acrostic of the composer’s
name embedded in the first letter of each stanza… receives
The ANGLICAN tradition renewed injection-of-vigor over the centuries, including in
the 21st century by a certain well-known synagogue on 88th
Thunderation! “Shulchan Aruch” Code of Jewish Law, mid- street on Manhattan’s Upper West Side]
1500s CE
Pope Paul IV, 1555 CE:
[Major and historical compendium of Jewish Law - known
as the ‘Set Table’ -compiled by “the Mechaber” - “the Com- Papal bull forces Jews to wear yellow hats; same papal bull
piler” - Rav Yosef Karo [a/k/a Bet Yosef] also spelled Caro; confines Jews to ghettos, and bans them from working in
(through his Sephardic orientation) - Spain-Portugal-Pales- most professions; [Same (yellow) color, concept and tactics
tine, written mid- 1500s; His work is juxtaposed by the ~con- employed 400 years later by the Nazis in their first-stage as-
temporaneous “Mapah” (“the Table-cloth”) ‘placed’ on the saults on the Jews… possibly so they could point to Church
‘Set Table’ by the RAMA, Rav Moshe Isserles (through his precedent to the masses - or be politically “bullet-proof”
Ashkenazic orientation) Cracow, Poland, also, mid-1500s; from potential Vatican attacks (no comment)]
This double-magnum opus - the Shulchan Aruch -while chal- Thunderation! The MAHARSHA (1555 CE - 1631 CE),
lenged in its day, in subsequent times and to this day thor- Cracow, Poland
oughly dominates Orthodox Jewish Law……; Both works
are generally published ensemble, with one or the other at the [Rav Shemuel Eliezer Eidels, highly sophisticated and wide-
top of the page; ly used commentary on the Talmud and its primary commen-
tators, RASHI and Tosefot - noted above]
Direct predecessor works include: the rigorous work Beth Yo-
sef (by Karo himself) and the TUR (by Rav Jacob ben Asher); Thunderation! John Dunne (England 1573 CE - 1631 CE)
Thunderation! 1588 CE, “The Defeat of the Spanish Armada” Spanish Portuguese Synagogue (Manhattan, 1654 CE)…
Touro Synagogue (Newport, RI, 1658 CE)
Spanish Armada of 128 ships attacked by the 116 ships of the
British Fleet in the English Channel, hoping to forestall the Thunderation! late 17th century, Pachelbel’s Canon (~con-
Spaniards from landing their troops. The outnumbered Brit- certo) in D Major by Johann Pachelbel
ish Fleet prevails. The Spanish Armada retreats.
Major published works primarily in the 1683 - 1699 CE pe-
Thunderation! 1590 CE - 1613 CE Shakespeare’s greatest riod, (Austria and Germany)
works (b. 1564 CE, d. 1616 CE)
Thunderation! Johann Sebastian Bach, Composer, German
…works include 38 plays, 154 sonnets… plus assorted poetry (1685 CE - 1750 CE)
…British… born and raised Stratford-on-Avon… later ven- {1690 John Locke, English philosopher, publishes the “Two
ues include the Globe Theatre on the Thames (River) Treatise of Civil Government” advocating the limiting of
monarchy, presenting the concept of a ‘social contract’ be-
…Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, King Lear, Becket and on-and- tween those governing and those being governed… His works
on… into immortality… are influential in developing the theories of democracy}
Thunderation! 1600s CE the Dutch painters Rembrandt and [In print, the acronym BESHT is used… A towering figure
Vermeer in Judaism… Founder of Hasidism; But Hasidism today has
radically evolved from Hasidism at that time… For a major
(False Messiah) Shabtai Zvi wrecks havoc 1626 CE - 1676 CE historical Jewish personage, the BESHT is a total anomaly;
According to lore, he was a terrible student, and probably
Chmielnicki massacres in Poland 1648 CE - 1655 CE against spent more time in the woods connecting with nature, than
Polish gentry (~65,000 murdered) and the Jews (~65,000 connecting with his Gemara books; He was never an ordained
murdered) [some non-mainstream estimates are very signifi- rabbi or scholar in the classic sense. He left no books. How-
cantly higher] ever, from my perspective, it would appear that he tapped-
into cosmic currents astutely. Considered by Judaism to be
Cromwell re-admits the Jews to England ~1655 CE. a populist, which is accurate, his doctrine of panantheism
Thunderation! Harvard (Divinity School) founded (Cam- - that the whole universe is a manifestation of the Divine
Some of the better-known Hassidic sects today include the 1744: Mayer Anschel Rothschild born in the ghetto of Juden-
Bobover, the Breslover, Gerer, Lubavitch (Chabad) and Sat- gasse in Frankfurt-am-Main
mar Chassidim.] ( Germany); founder of financial and political dynasty via
his five sons who he stationed in five European capitals; The
[Historical note: Opus Dei, the unique Roman Catholic or- clan will single-handedly signifcantly advance the fortunes
der founded later in 1928 in Spain, has as its core doctrine, of the Jewish people over a 200+ year span.
themes almost verbatim from the BESHT - to the effect that
daily life is a path to sanctity. Founded by (Saint) Josemaria Thunderation! Jeffersonian Democracy! (Philadelphia,
Escriva, Opus Dei is currently under the prelature of Bishop 1776 CE)
Javier Echevarria. Opus Dei is treated as a ‘personal prela-
ture’ of the Pope] Extraordinary and enlightened Founding Fathers
[Baal Shem Tov means “Holder of a Good Name (i.e. a good A lucky country to have this sophisticated group as its Founders
reputation)”].
“Checks-and-Balances”
Thunderation! Vilna Goan 1720 CE - 1797 CE
“Bill of Rights”
… from Vilna (now in Lithuania - Ukraine), intellect and Tal-
mudic scholar extraordinaire… ….but true Emancipation of all the Slaves to come only lat-
er…subsequent to the Civil War 89 years later………13th
[Scholar, kabbalist, prominent antagonist of Hassidism; Eli- Amendment 1865…….apparently, not All Men were created
yahu ben Shlomo Zalman ‘Kremer’… in Hebrew, known as equal in 1776….
ha-Gaon m’Vilna]
…..enfranchisement of women, only much later….sparked
Thunderation! 1735 CE “Luzzatto” leaves Italy for Amsterdam, by Susan B. Anthony multi-decade crusade in the 19th cen-
where he will write his ethical/mystical masterpieces…. tury and the related movement….19th Amendment to the US
Constitution giving women the right to vote ratified (13 years
a/k/a The RaMHal (b. 1707; d.1746)…Moshe Chaim Luz- after her death) in August 1920…
zatto…rabbi, mystic, philosopher, ethicist
***
In Amsterdam (his day job was- Diamond Cutter) he will
write - From the get-go, the Jews breathe true freedom - enshrined
Thunderation! French Revolution (1789 CE – 1799 CE) and …Napoleon (previously exiled to Elba, off of Italy, 9 plus
Napoleonic Code (1804)… months before his escape) now to spend the balance of his
life imprisoned on the island of St. Helena in the South At-
- including Emancipation of the Jews in Napoleonic France lantic, ~1000 miles west of Africa…
and within its sphere-of-influence… French Jews guaranteed
full civil rights. Thunderation! Mormon Church founded by Joseph Smith,
Jr. in Fayette, NY, April 1830
Thunderation! Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart & Ludwig van
Beethoven, Austria, (late 1700s CE). Thunderation! 1836 CE, First visit of Sir Moses Montefiore
(later of “Montefiore’s Windmill” fame) to Jerusalem
1791 CE: Russia ( Catherine the Great ) creates the Pale of
Settlement…at the western border of Imperial Russia…for Thunderation! 1836 The Alamo!
Russian, and then, Polish Jews of incorporated Polish territo-
ries…at its peak contained over 5,000,000 Jews……eventu- Battle between the Republic of Mexico and rebel Texian
ally decimated by Nazi murder squads during WWII forces, during the Texian fight for independence - “The Tex-
as Revolution”. The battle took place at the Alamo Mission
Thunderation! Alfred Lord Tennyson, Poet et al., British, in San Antonio, Texas in Feb-Mar 1836.
1800s CE (1809 CE - 1892 CE)
The 13-day siege ended with the death of almost all the defend-
Thunderation! 1813 CE Simon Bolivar leads his first libera- ing force. But the holdout became legendary…”Remember
tion military campaign in Latin America the Alamo!”….and the Texian revolution went on to ultimate
victory - and secession from Mexico.
…of aristocratic family, credited with leading the fight for
independence in what are now the countries of Venezuela, The defenders - in-death - “snatched victory from the jaws of
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia….widely defeat” ( as we say in-the-trade)
venerated and beloved in Latin America, and known as “El
Libertador”, The Liberator. 1848 CE: Salanter moves to Lithuania
Rav Yisroel Lipkin Salanter (1810- 1883 CE ) founder of the
Thunderation! Waterloo 1815 CE Mussar movement (Ethics to be given the very highest prior-
ity) in Orthodox Judaism
Napoleon (French) defeated by Wellington (British) at his-
1890 CE: Nathan Birnbaum, Austrian, Secretary General of 1903 CE: Wright Brothers soar
Zionist organization Agudath Israel, and previously, founder
in 1883 of KADIMAH…coins word ‘ZIONISM’ in his jour- Thunderation! E=MC2……. Zurich, Switzerland, 1905 CE
nal Self Emancipation… ZIONISM was defined as “the na-
tional movement for the return of the Jewish people to their 1907: Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem
homeland - and the resumption of Jewish sovreignty over the founded ( world-renowned range of programs through Mas-
Land of Israel” …. Ready. Aim…. ters degrees) …slated to move from Mt. Scopus to ‘Russian
Compound’ in Jerusalems’s city center
Thunderation! 1897 ( August 29 ) First Zionist Congress,
Bsasel, Switzerland, presided over by Theodor Herzl…. and 1912 CE: Szold founds Hadassah
Birnbaum Henrietta Szold ( 1860-1945 CE ) founds Hadassah Jewish
Women’s Organization…rescues 22,00 Jewish children from
Thunderation! “J’ACCUSE !” article electrifies France… Nazi Europe… among other less intense ongoing fraternal
Paris, (Jan 13, 1898) and social services worldwide…powerhouse organization…
Szold was also Talmudic scholar and Zionist leader…born in
[French journalist Emile Zola accuses eight generals of the Baltimore, MD, the daughter of a rabbi
French Army General Staff of covering up the innocence of
framed Jewish artillery officer Captain Alfred DREYFUS 1913 CE : Hashomer Hatzair founded….Socialist-Zionist
(exiled to Devil’s Island [off the northeast coast of South youth movement founded in Galicia, Austria…illustrious
America] three years earlier in 1895) - in front page banner history…center-of-gravity transplasnted to Israel
headline piece of L’Aurore, Paris literary newspaper].
Thunderation! 1917 CE, British conquest of Palestine, and
Thunderation! ENERGY: fire * steam power* electricity General Allenby’s entry into Jerusalem
*atomic energy
Thunderation! “Balfour Declaration of 1917”
1902: Solomon Schechter becomes president of JTS ( Jewish
“… The British government “viewed with favor the estab- 1924 CE: “Technion” - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa,
lishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish peo- Israel…founded by the German-Jewish fund, Ezra ..origi-
ple…” nally classes taught in German…switches to Hebrew post-
WWI
(not to be confused with Balfour Declaration of 1926 relating
to British Commonwealth dominions)]. There are more Nobel laureates connected with the Technion,
than there are with many continents
1917 CE: Bais Yaakov school movement founded
1929 CE: B’nei Akva founded in British Mandate of Pales-
- by seamstress Sarah Schneirer in Krakow, Poland… now tine… largest youth movement of religious Zionists in the
worldwide…full-time schools for religious (often Haredi) world
Jewish girls…close connection with Agudath Israel Jewish
religious movement passive Thunderation! Gandhi, India, prime political activ-
ity: 1930s CE, early 1940s CE…
Thunderation! 1918 CE, Dr. Chaim Weizmann lays Founda-
tion Stone for Hebrew University Gandhi pioneered Satyagraha - resistance to tyranny through
civil disobedience… founded upon “ahumsa” = total non-
….on Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem (… 7 years later, Hebrew Uni- violent Passive Resistance.
versity inaugurated in 1925)
[Born 1869… a British-educated lawyer, he fought for Indian
{1919 CE Treaty of Versailles… harsh (and humiliating) rights, first in South Africa, then in India… against oppres-
terms imposed on Germany at culmination of WW I … sive taxation and widespread discrimination… for an end to
League of Nations created} ‘untouchability’… after assuming leadership of the Indian
National Congress, leads nationwide campaign for the alle-
Thunderation! Haganah (Jewish ‘Underground’) formed in viation of poverty… and for liberation of women… for other
Palestine (1920 CE) causes, as well, including the pivotal
Swaraj = independence from foreign domination…(self-
[Forerunner to Palmach (elite Strike Force)… established government)
1941 jointly by the Haganah and British military due to a credited with compelling/ motivating the British to eventu-
temporary (~one year) convergence of interest… ultimately ally quit India after WWII… after approximately 1 1/2 de-
incorporated into backbone of IDF - Israel Defense Forces cades of passive resistance and civil disobedience… many
post-1948 War of Independence] thousands of Indians killed… British Empire exits post-WW
II, but at its own pace… in India, recognized as Father of the
[author’s note: Kook was uniquely extraordinary and extraor- Nazi Invasion! Germany invades Poland, Sept 1, 1939
dinarily unique]
England, France and several British Commonwealth nations
1934 CE: Weizman Institute of Science founded in 1934 immediately ‘Declare War’ on Germany
only offers graduate programs and only in the sciences…Re-
hovot, Israel…world renowned 1939 CE: British ( MacDonald) White Paper…limiting to-
tal Jewih emigration to Palestine over-the-next-five years to
Thunderation! Oct 1934… beginning of the ‘Long March’ 75,000…backtracking on the Balfour Declaration to appease
of Mao Zedong this time the Arabs, the lifeline to Palestine is 95% cut… is-
sued May 17, 1939
The legendary ‘Long March’ was actually a brutal retreat
by the Chinese Communists from the Nationalist forces of Nazi Death Camps / Concentration Camps: 1938 - 1945
Chiang Kai-shek..but Mao’s leadership during the (asserted)
8,000 mile trek, consolidated his support among the members AUSCHWITZ
of the Communist party… 1,260,000 Jews murdered
140,000 non-Jews murdered
It is far-from-clear how this was achieved over the 8,000 mile Category: “Death Camp”
odyssey. Location: Poland
MAJDANEK TERESENSTADT
330,00 Jews murdered here 30,000-40,000 Jews murdered here
30,000 non-Jews murdered here Unknown number of non-Jews murdered here
Technical category: “Death Camp” Technical category: ‘Concentration Camp’
Location: Poland Location: Czechoslovakia
MALY-TRUSTENETS MAUTHAUSSEN
59,000 Jews murdered here ~125,000 Jews murdered here
6,000 non-Jews murdered here ~125,000 non-Jews murdered here
Technical category: “Death Camp” Category: mass-murder via hard-labor
Location: Belarus, USSR Location: Austria
451 of the rebels were torture-murdered…This was the third Thunderation! 1945 CE, Red Army (332nd Infantry unit)
major Concentration Camp rebellion…after Treblinka ( Au- rolls into and liberates Auschwitz (Death Camp) Oswiecim,
gust 2, 1943) and Sobibor (Oct 14, 1943)… the Nazi ‘deter- (southern) Poland, (Jan 27, 1945)
rant’ to rebellions was brutal torture-murder of any partici-
pants captured [Between 1.1 - 1.6 million individuals (~90% Jewish) mur-
dered here by the SS between May 1940 through the above-
Thunderation! Hannah Senesh, executed by axis allies in noted liberation in January 1945. A total of approximately 6
Hungary, November, 1944 million Jews are persecuted, then murdered by the Nazi state
terror-machine overall…
b. Hungary, 1921, she makes aliyah (lives in Israel) 1939-
1943; Palmach/Haganah member Senesh parachutes into Auschwitz, as the other camps, was a house-of-horrors…sa-
Nazi-occupied Europe as part of British SOE - Special Op- dism, torture, and murder on a daily basis…
erations Units - rescue commando units; Senesh also a poet;
two of her poems later turned into enduring-to-this-day He- the human mind was simply not created to grasp the enor-
brew songs - “Eyly, shelo yigamer me’olam” and “Ashrei mity of the horror-crimes, let alone to endure them…
Hagafrur”].
—
Thunderation! Normandy Invasion! June 6, 1944 Pope Paul VI charged by many with being (relatively) “si-
lent” on the ongoing genocide for the ~6 year duration of
[Operation OVERLORD, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, Su- mass murders… contentious issue… author: Tekel.
preme Allied Commander, lands troops on “Omaha Beach”,
Normandy, France June 6, 1944)… commences long-awaited [Primo Levi, 26 years old, formerly a young Italian Jewish
historic Allied sea and land (and air) assault on Nazi occu- chemist pre-War, barely survives a year in Auschwitz. Will
pied Europe… largest sea invasion in history employing over write: Survival in Auschwitz (‘Se questo e’ un Uomo’ - origi-
155,000 Allied troops crossing the English Channel from nal Italian title); The Reawakening (‘La Tregua’ - original
Dover, England to Normandy, France… and commences Italian title); The Periodic Table; Moments of Reprieve;
multi-front military drive north-eastwards onwards through The Drowned and the Saved; The Monkey’s Wrench; If Not
Thunderation! Patton’s THIRD ARMY liberates Buch- Thunderation! ~3pm Dec 6, 1945, US Third Army rolls into
enwald concentration camp, Weimer, Germany, (April 11, Mauthausen Death Camp
1945)
Mauthausen, Austrian Alps
[April 12th, United States Military Chaplain, ‘20-something’
Rabbi Herschel Schechter rolls into Buchenwald with tanks Sgt. “Dick” Pomante of Detroit, Michigan and Sgt. Bob
of Ace Corps headquarters, 3rd Army… He announces with Persinger of Rockford, Illinois, respectively captaining the
bullhorn to the survivors “YOU ARE FREE”… Emaciated two lead tanks of U.S. THIRD Army, 3rd Cavalry Group,
and starving survivors try to kiss his boots… Generals Eisen- XX Corps roll through the main gates of Ebensee sub-camp ,
hower, Bradley, Patton arrive to view the debacle inside Buch- Mauthausen Death Camp, Austrian Alps… and declare “We
enwald… April 12-14; Photographer Margaret Burke-White, are Americans !”… half-dead inmates fling themselves onto
accompanying the Third Army, photographs the unfolding the tanks, trying to stay “glued” to them… Sgt. Pomante (by
death-camp liberation saga for the world finally to see; Patton at least two totally independent accounts to me directly) is
orders the ~1750 denizens of surrounding town of Weimer packing two long pistols and giving out small chocolate bars
marched-through to witness the ‘handiwork’ of their compa- and encouragement to the shriveled and near-death teenage
triots… Eisenhower orders the entire contiguous liberator US (male) inmates.
4th Armored Division to march through Buchenwald: “Now
you will all know clearly what this war has been about”… As the US tanks enter the main entrance, prisoners, several of
Jefferson’s descendants have trumped Hitler’s War Ma- It might have taken 400 years, but digital technology turbo-
chine… charged the process
- and liberated America’s ancestral home, Europe
- and liberated Europe’s Jews note: the Qumran Caves, where the Dead Sea Scrolls were
found, are not-all-that-far from Masada (Fortress Masada of
—– 73 CE Zealot lore)… perhaps a 20-minute ride eastward of
Masada …..( by car, that is )
1946: Heschel joins faculty of JTS (Jewish Theological Sem-
inary) in NY author’s note: I will personally give a reward to the person
who finds the missing vowel in the name Qumran……….I
Abraham Joshua Heschual, Jewish thinker-extraordinaire and personally like ‘Quumran’ better…maybe I’ll just change it
Civil Rights advocate; myself… ( next book )
His works include: The Prophets; The Sabbath; Man is not
Alone; God in Search of Man; Torah min Hashamayim 1947 CE: “The American Jewish University” founded in Los
(Heavenly Torah); Angeles
Thunderation! Sputnik I (Oct 4, 1957) Confrontation! 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis… Oct 22, 1962
JFK goes on national TV and announces quarantine of ship-
Thunderation! Frank Lloyd Wright… I.M. Pei (USA ping to Cuba …as nuclear missiles supplied by the Soviets
1900s) have been discovered on the island after US analysis of pho-
tographs by U-2 spyplane overflights of Cuba… With the US
Thunderation! Argentinean writer Jorges Borges (spanning blockade in-place and authorized to use small explosives’
the 1900s CE)… ‘Labyrinth’ et al. (1899 CE - 1986 CE) to impose its blockade, at 10:25 am Oct 24, the approach-
ing Soviet ships go ‘dead in the water’ - as the Soviets have
Thunderation! Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, 20th centuryRus- ‘blinked’
sian 20th literary icons Boris Pasternak (1890 CE - 1960
CE), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (b. 1918…currently living in Thunderation! August 28, 1963, “I Have a Dream”, Martin
Vermont)Immortal classics Doctor Zhivago, Gulag Archipel- Luther King, March-on-Washington
ago, respectively.Abduction ! 1960: Adolph Eichmann (Nazi
war criminal) abductedextra-legally by MOSSAD, ( Israel … followed ~3 months later by the assassination of President
foreign intelligence service) , at a Buenos Aires bus stop, John F. Kennedy.
8:05 pm May 11, 1960…After ten days in Israeli-captivity
at a ‘Mossad-safe house’ near his abduction, heavily-sedated 1963 CE: University of Haifa opened…over 17,000 students…
Eichman [ a/k/a ‘Ricardo Klement’ of Buenos Aires] was Haifa, Israel…affiliated with Hebrew U in Jerusalem
spirited out of Buenos Aires, Argentina on an El Al Bristol
Britannia comercial flight on May 21 Thunderation! Computer Science emerges into main-
stream… Silicon Valley, CA (1960s CE… 1970s CE)
Hanged 11:00 am, May 31, 1962, Ramleh prison, Israel…
Thunderation! 1965: “Nostre Aetate” October 8, 1965 Vati-
after 14-week Trial and conviction…..Eichman maintained can Council II under Pope Paul VI
in-a-glass-booth during the trial….televised live world-
wide….90 concentration-camp-surivor witnesses testi- “The Church decries hatred, persecutions, displays of anti-
fy……..Eichman prosecuted and convicted of, among other Semitism, directed against Jews at any time and by anyone…”
crimes, mass-murder and ’crimes against humanity’.
The fatal-flaw - and problem, however, is that all-of-the-
Thunderation! Thomas Merton (1915 CE - 1968 CE), Trap- above - hatred, displays of anti-Semitism, incitement to per-
pist Monk, writer, philosophical writer[author of over 50 secutions, demonizations - REMAIN fully incubated in - and
books, classics include The New Man (1961) disseminated through - the most sacred documents of Chris-
tendom…
Nostre Aetate (i.e. Demonize the Jews in the core Gospels, but Decry the
manifestation of anti-Semitism)
for full text
or,
see paragraphs 12 - 15 in particular.
Demonize; then Dialogue”
(see above First Century in this TimeLine)]
or, in a variant
Egyptian leader Gamal Abdul Nasser- [Israeli paratroopers, 35th Paratrooper Brigade, penetrate
the historic Old City of Jerusalem through Lion’s Gate…and
# expels the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) - capture the hstoric center-of-gravity of Judaism
which had served as a buffer for twenty years between Israel
and Egypt - from the Sinai Peninsula The City of David is now back in Jewish hands - 1996 years,
10 months and 11 days after the Roman Legion of Emperor
# masses a 100,000-man Egyptian army with 1,000 tanks on Titus, after a multi-year siege, finally overwhelmed the starv-
the border with Israel ing Zealot-aligned Jewish fighters defending the very same
gates in 70 CE…
# calls for unified Arab action against Israel
Defense Minister Dayan maintains Dome of the Rock - Al
# blockades the choke-point to the Red Sea, the Straits-of-Ti- Asqua Mosque - in the Old City under Moslem stewardship,
ran, to all Israeli or Israeli-bound shipping…Note that block- by investing the Muslim Waqf (religious Trust) authority to
ades are conventionally categorized as ‘Acts of War” manage the Temple Mount… de facto barring Israeli visi-
tors, notwithstanding the mosque’s physical location literally
…….the Jewish world collectively ‘holds-its-breath’…. above the buried ruins of the Jewish Temple]
Thunderation! daybreak, 1st day of the “Six Day War” June Thunderation! 6th day of the Six Day War, June 10, 1967:
5, 1967, Middle East, Golan Heights captured…
Operation Moked (i.e. Operation Focus), Israeli air force at-
tacks Egyptian airfields at dawn Israeli forces under General Peled complete capture of Golan
Heights from Syria, Israel’s arch-enemy…
Israeli turns-the-tables on its blockading enemies - and catch-
es them off-guard; Israeli warplanes (188 aircraft) destroy the facilitated by crucial intelligence supplied by legendary spy
[Known for his very extensive research, often on Jewish- Israeli-backed operatives assassinate Black September-
related themes, Uris impacted world perceptions: important backed operatives across Europe
works: Exodus (1958); Mila 18 (1961); QB VII (1970); Je- (and in Beirut) - 1973 - in wake of 9/5/72 Munich Olympics
rusalem (1981); The Haj (1984); Mitla Pass (1988), among Massacre
other gems].
Thunderation! 1973 Kissinger adds U.S. Secretary of State
Eco-Thunderation! 1950s - 1990s Umberto Eco ascendant to his National Security Advisor title
Italian medievalist, semiotician, philosopher and novelist Realpolitik…Detente….”China Shock” - when Kissinger
polishes his unique craft in the latter half of the 20th century advises Japan that Nixon will visit China
(and into the 21st)
Washington, DC…National Security Advisor (1969 - 1975),
[Best known for his novel and classic - “The Name of the then Scretary of State Sept 22, 1973…just days before the
Rose” (1980 in Italian, 1983 in English)… interestingly, Eco Yom Kippur War in the Middle East..until Jan 20, 1977 ….
awarded over thirty doctorates from universities worldwide,
including Hebrew University (2002)] A Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany, moving to Washing-
ton Heights, NY in 1938 , he wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1973
Thunderation! Picasso (1881 CE - 1973) Spanish painter for role in arranging fragile ( later-to-be-broken) cease fire
and sculptor, Grandmaster with North Vietnam…
Syrian tanks are rolling south from the north Twenty-one Israeli 14-16 year-old students killed (most mur-
dered by their Palestinian captors) during the Israeli assault
Central Israel is at-risk caught between the two armored forces… to free the 90-total Israeli student hostages - 3 hours 15 min-
utes before the terrorist deadline expiration.
Israel, at-this-point, allegedly unsheaths its alleged dooms-
day-”Jericho missiles”… 1974 CE: “Open University of Israel” founded…a ‘dis-
tance-education’ university…now with mega-student-count:
Now ‘up-against-the-wall’, poised-to-counter-attack Gen. 40,000+ students…based in Ra’anana, Israel
Ariel ‘Arik’ Sharon dusts-off
Contingency Plan: Suez-Westward-Wartime-Crossing plans Auto-Genocide: Khmer Rouge terror regime in Cambodia
(which he authored several years prior)… 1975 CE - 1979 CE:
Sharon rushes specialized heavy-duty military rafts westward - Murders 1.7 million people (many torture-murdered). So,
across the Sinai to pre-hardened and camouflaged concrete raft- 22% of the country’s entire population of 7.5 million was
launching-sites at the Canal’s edge; then launches his armor- murdered. The prime targets were anyone conceivably a
bearing rafts carrying his armored divisions westward across threat to the regime. This included the country’s professional
the Suez Canal ( justb south of the tail-end of the eastward- and/or educated elite, broadly-defined. For example, if one
rolling Egyptian operation); his cross-canal maneuver encir- wore glasses, one was considered and intellectual and was
cles and entraps the Egyptian Third Army in the desert… doomed. The Cambodian cities were emptied and everyone
Broadly-speaking, the United Nations commenced re-orga- Thunderation! Elie Wiesel, now 58, wins Nobel Peace
nizing the country in 1991. Prize…. Oct 14, 1986
Thunderation! Entebbe! (Uganda airport 1976) [41 years after emerging from Buchenwald… NIGHT turns
into DAWN/DAY… the Hasidic Masters would say that
[3,000 mile successful Israeli airborne commando raid… his “Soul is on Fire”… Wiesel: Messengers of God: “Take
Mercedes-Benz gets free publicity…] sides - Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim.”…
Memoir: “All Rivers Run to the Sea”… (also “The Judges”;
Thunderation! first APPLE PC (April 1977) “Somewhere a Master”; “The Time of the Uprooted” et al.)]
Thunderation! Anwar Sadat addresses the Knesset [Israeli [Wiesel is among ~158 Jewish winners of the Nobel Prize
Parliament] (November 20, 1977) (out of ~750 total) from its inception in 1901 through 2006]
… later assassinated by Islamic radicals in 1981: Via first Thunderation! Paul Coelho (Brazilian, first book: The Pil-
war and then, peace, Sadat set-in-motion a historic chain- grimage 1987 CE)
of-events… No Arab leaders attended his funeral aside from
Nimeiry of Sudan… Three former American presidents do Thunderation! Berlin Wall falls (November 9, 1989)
attend…
Assassination! of Rabin (November 4, 1995)
Thunderation! Deng Xiaoping unleashes (1970s CE - 1990s
CE) China’s human and economic potential Yitzchak Rabin, Israeli Prime Minister… Former Chief-of-
Staff… Six-Day War Hero… by right-wing Jewish Israeli
Thunderation! Osiraq IRAQI nuclear reactor destroyed by hothead
Israeli air strike (June 7, 1981)
Thunderation! March 26, 2000, Pope John Paul II visits the
Thunderation! Steven Spielberg, USA, Director, E.T. (1982) Western Wall in Jerusalem
et al.
… and places a letter inside it apologizing for the Church’s
… director of many exceptional and extraordinary works… In actions against the Jews in the past
the Jewish realm, through 2006, works include - Schindler’s
List (1993), Munich (2005)… The letter, on Papal stationery is laid-out as follows:
God of our fathers America coils, and then invades Afghanistan to rout the Tal-
you chose Abraham and his descendants iban…..
to bring your Name to the Nations:
we are deeply saddened followed by US invasion of Saddam Hussein’s Iraq….heav-
by the behavior of those ily hinged on basis of US-asserted Iraqi nuclear weapons
who in the course of history production… later found to be erroneous…..fighting still on-
have caused these children of yours to suffer, going Winter ‘07….. ~3,870 US military deaths fighting-in-
and asking forgiveness Iraq to date (11/20/07)
we wish to commit ourselves
to genuine brotherhood Thunderation! 2001 CE, Lawrence Summers
with the people of the Covenant.
Jerusalem, 26 March 2000 former US Secretary of the Treasury, becomes first Jewish
president of Harvard… tenure until 2006…
signed Joannes Paulus II
ultimately undone in 2006 by left-wingers in the Humani-
Thunderation! nascent Stem Cell revolution (~The Millen- ties Department who never-quite-forgave-him for tangling
nium 2000 CE) frontally with anti-Semitic academics in 2002 or with Cornel
West in 2001
Terroration! August 9, 2001 SBARROS, Jerusalem
Here-we-go-again-ation! February 2003, Mel Gibson film
Sbarros Pizza shop in the heart of Jerusalem, terror-bombed The Passion of Christ…
by Palestinian terrorist suicide-bomber; fifteen killed; 100+
wounded aggressively fosters demonization-of-the-Jews themes from
Gospels… Film neither reproved nor condemned by the Vati-
Terroration! Tuesday morning, September 11, 2001, Twin can, notwithstanding urgings from the Jewish community…
Towers of World Trade Center destroyed…
Aug 19, 2003: Another suicide bus-bombing in Jerusalem
… by Radical Islamic terrorist suicide-hijackers turning U.S.
passenger planes into guided-missiles… Pentagon perimeter …this one in Mea Shearim, the ultra-Orthodox neighbor-
hit (3 of 5 Pentagon building rings penetrated …E, D, C rings hood…. 18 dead, 130 injured….many, many tears, as per
take-the-hit …. Passengers on 4th plane (”Let’s Roll!”) bring usual
their captors crashing down with them in a Pennsylvania field
- and probably save the Capitol Building in D.C. …. iconic Educated now from childhood to demonize the Jews, their
passenger revolt… over-all, ~ 3,000 persons are dead at the Hamas leadership having taken-a-page from another group,
Thunderation! Emirate of Dubai, Persian Gulf early 2000s Thunderation! April 19, 2006, German Chancellor Angela
CE Merkel
(call her: Angel Merkel - author) opens up German Holocaust
January 4, 2006, Dubai, multi-faceted 21st century Techno- archives… 50 million documents… 16 miles of shelves… 17
Pharaoh-extraordinaire Sheikh Mohammed son of Rashid Al million victims
Maktoum, ascends to the Ruler-ship of Dubai in the Persian
Gulf….He re-defines the contours of modern Arab culture [de facto lancing the “Holocaust Denial” gambit by assorted
and the limits of ‘Imagineering” in the early 21st century…. misfits worldwide… as the former Nazi bureaucracy will have
enshrined its atrocities for-the-ages in these archives…]
….personally sets up $10 billion dollar Arab-world educa-
tion-fund…Dubai emerges as one of the most harmonious Retrenchment by Vatican: July 8, 2007
and creative locales on-the-planet….a credit to the Arab
world…and to humanity… Pope Benedict XVI removes restrictions on celebrating the
old Latin Mass, reviving a “Tridentine” rite that was all but
Jews welcome - and protected… ( the Grand Hyatt is not bad swept-away by the liberalizing reforms of the Second Vati-
( wink) ) can Council in the 1960s…
——————————
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————————————————————————
God and Evil ( 1988 ), the first book in the landmark 2-book
Summa Metaphysica series, has been assigned as a Required
Ki he-harim ya-mu-shu Text at universities around the world, and was a Book of the
Month feature selection of the Jewish Book Club. The work
v’hag’vaot tih-muu-te-nah, has gone through Five Printings and eighteen thousand cop-
ies to date.
v’chas-di mai-ee-taych
The author is known as a leading conceptual theorist.
lo ya-mush
The 2-volume Summa Metaphysica series was crafted over
* a twenty-five year period, 1981-1988 and then 2001-2007.
Thunderation! was crafted in the 2005-2007 period.
Even if the mountains themselves may shift ground,
David Birnbaum’s works have been used as course texts at
And even if the hilltops themselves may implode, Brandeis, Hebrew University, Yeshiva University, Hebrew
Union College, Tel Aviv University, Emory, JTS, Bar Ilan,
My eternal countenance over thee and Union Theological Seminary, among others. His works
have been reviewed by dozens of leading academic journals
shall never waver worldwide.
* A long time ago, he taught “The Science of Strategy” at the
New School in NY.
- Yishayahu ( Isaiah ) 54:10
He lives and works in Manhattan.
note that we have paraphrased ( i.e. stolen ) liberally from To contact the author:
public domain Wikipedia ( especially their charts and maps; email: thunderation100@yahoo.com
However, we did not use components which were under con- fax: 212-398-9438
tention.
To order online:
LevineJudaica.com ( Classics link )
Amazon.com