Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Analyzing the health and behavior of Synchronization usually starts with a you fill the block just as you get the
rotating machinery is a key applica- tachometer, which provides a pulse next tachometer pulse? Three
tion for dynamic signal analyzers or an integral number of pulses for techniques are commonly used.
(DSAs). Rotating machines produce each revolution. This signal indicates
repetitive vibrations and acoustic that the machine has finished one • Shaft encoders are electro-optical
signals related to rotational speed. cycle and is beginning the next. A devices that generate thousands of
These relationships are not always single tach pulse indicates when the digital pulses per revolution, gating
obvious with standard dynamic signal rotating machine has reached a time samples into the data block.
analysis, particularly with variations particular angular position. After
in the rotational speed. A measure- capturing two tach pulses, you can • A ratio synthesizer and tracking filter
ment technique called order analysis determine rotating speed by counting emulates a shaft encoder with alias
is the secret to sorting out all the clock cycles between the tach pulses. protection.
many signal components that a A third pulse will then tell you if the
rotating machine can generate. machine is changing speed. Using the • With the digital resampling technique,
tach pulse to trigger the DSA syn- the DSA digitizes data at a very high
Synchronizing the measurement chronizes the machine and the rate, collecting and storing tightly
With flexible settings for frequency measurement. spaced time samples. As tach pulses
span and resolution, a typical DSA arrive, the analyzer resamples the time
can do a great job of isolating noise DSAs use an analog-to-digital con- points into correctly spaced data.
and vibration components, as long as verter to collect a block of data. In
the machine is operating at a fixed regular spectrum analysis, this block With each of these three techniques
speed. As the speed changes, how- of data consists of voltage values the goal is a set of points evenly
ever, the signals of interest shift up or spaced at regular time intervals. spaced by shaft position, not by time
down in frequency, making analysis When you start gathering a block of (Figure 1). This yields data in the
difficult if not impossible. Synchroniz- such points, you also determine the revolution domain, rather than in the
ing the DSA’s data collection with the finish time. This is one of the difficul- time domain. Again, the key benefit
machine’s rotational speed is there- ties with order analysis. If the here is that the measurement rate
fore a key step in order analysis. machine is changing speed, how do tracks the rotational speed of the
machine.
MARKER D I S P L AY MARKER D I S P L AY
Order tracking
In Figure 3, the 12th order appears to
be the most interesting, so you want
to examine that order and to ignore
the other orders. When you measure Order spectrum map of 6 cylinder engine run-up
one order and exclude the others, the
measurement is called an order track.
Figure 4 shows this 12th order
amplitude versus RPM for the engine
run-up.
Applications
Order tracking and order analysis
have become widely accepted
rotating machinery measurements.
Devices ranging from gear motors to
gas turbines are tested this way. Even
dental tools have been designed using
order analysis. Some of the more Figure 4:
unusual applications involve using Order tracking
order analysis to measure power line clarifies the
quality and for loudspeaker testing. relationship of a
These applications take advantage of particular shaft
speed to amplitude
the harmonic nature of the integer vs. rpm.
orders.