❈✐❡♥$✐%$❛ ♣♦) ✉♠ ❞✐❛

▲✐❛
✷✼ ❞❡ ❉❡③❡♠❜+♦ ❞❡ ✷✵✶✼

❙❡ ❢♦$$❡ ❝✐❡♥(✐$(❛ ❞❡❞✐❝❛+✲♠❡✲✐❛ ❛♦ ❡$(✉❞♦ ❞♦$ ❝♦$♠♦$✳ ➚ ❈❖❙▼❖▲❖●■❆✳

❊$(❡ (❡♠❛ ❢❛$❝✐♥❛✲♠❡ ♣♦✐$ ❛ ❝♦$♠♦❧♦❣✐❛ < ❛ ❞✐$❝✐♣❧✐♥❛ =✉❡ (+❛(❛ ❞❛ ❝♦♠♣+❡❡♥$>♦ ❞♦
✉♥✐✈❡+$♦✳
❉❡$❞❡ ♣❡=✉❡♥❛ =✉❡ ♦$ ❛$(+♦$ ♠❡ ❢❛$❝✐♥❛♠✳ ❙❡♠♣+❡ =✉✐$ ❝♦♠♣+❡❡♥❞❡+ (✉❞♦ ♦ =✉❡ $❡
♣❛$$❛✈❛ A ♠✐♥❤❛ ✈♦❧(❛✱ $❡ ❤❛✈✐❞❛ ✈✐❞❛ ♥♦✉(+♦$ ♣❧❛♥❡(❛$✱ ❝♦♠♦ $❡+✐❛ ❡♥(+❛+ ♥✉♠ ❜✉+❛❝♦
♥❡❣+♦✱ ❝♦♠♦ (✉❞♦ ❝♦♠❡E♦✉✱ $❡ ♦ ✉♥✐✈❡+$♦ ❡$(F ❛ ❛✉♠❡♥(❛+ ♦✉ ❛ ❞✐♠✐♥✉✐+ ❡ ❝♦♠♦ ✐+F ❛❝❛❜❛+
$❡ ❛❧❣✉♠❛ ✈❡③ ❛❝❛❜❛+✳
❆ ♠✐♥❤❛ H❧(✐♠❛ ✐♥✈❡♥E>♦ ❢♦✐ ✉♠❛ $♦♥❞❛ =✉❡ ❝♦♥$❡❣✉❡ ✈✐❛❥❛+ ❛ ✉♠❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ✺ ✈❡③❡$
$✉♣❡+✐♦+ A ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❛ ❧✉③✳ ❈❤❛♠❛✲$❡ ❖$K+✐♦ ✺✺✱ ❡ $❡+✈❡ ♣❛+❛ ❡①♣❧♦+❛+ ❣❛❧F①✐❛$ ❡
❡$(+❡❧❛$✳ ❆❣♦+❛ ♣♦❞❡♠♦$ ✐+ ❛♦ ♣❧❛♥❡(❛ ❘♦$$ ✶✷✽ ❜ ❡♠ ❛♣❡♥❛$ ✷✱✷ ❛♥♦$✱ 1
5 ❞♦ (❡♠♣♦
♥❡❝❡$$F+✐♦ $❡ ❛ ✈✐❛❣❡♠ ❢♦$$❡ A ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❛ ❧✉③ ✭✶✶ ❛♥♦$✮✳
◆♦ ❢✉(✉+♦ ♣+❡(❡♥❞♦ ❛♣+♦❢✉♥❞❛+ ♦$ ♠❡✉$ ❝♦♥❤❡❝✐♠❡♥(♦$ ❡♠ ❢T$✐❝❛ $✉❜❛(K♠✐❝❛ ♣♦✐$ $K
❛$$✐♠ ❛❝❤♦ =✉❡ ❝♦♥$❡❣✉✐+❡✐ ✉❧(+❛♣❛$$❛+ ♦$ ❧✐♠✐(❡$ ❞♦ (❡♠♣♦ ♥❛$ ✈✐❛❣❡♥$ ✐♥(❡+❣❛❧F❝(✐❝❛$✳
❙K ♣❛+❛ (❡+❡♠ ✉♠❛ ✐❞❡✐❛✱ $❡ ❛ ❖$K+✐♦ ✺✺ ❢♦$$❡ (+✐♣✉❧❛❞❛✱ =✉❡♠ ❧F ❢♦$$❡ ❡$(❛+✐❛ ❛ ♣❡+❞❡+
✹✱✹ ❛♥♦$ ❡♠ ✈✐❛❣❡♥$ ✭♣❛+❛ =✉❡♠ ❥F ❛❝❤❛ =✉❡ ✉♠❛ ✈✐❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ✾ ❤♦+❛$ ♣❛+❛ ♦ ❇+❛$✐❧ <
♠✉✐(♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✮