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University of British Columbia - Okanagan

ENGR 413 - Law and Ethics

Midterm #1 - Ethics

Date: February 10,201L Examiner: Dr. Lukas Bichler

Time: 1.5 hrs

Student Name:
-
Student Number:

INSTRUCTIONS:
1- PART A: Answer all multiple choice questions on the bubble sheet (provided)
2 - Each multiple choice question is worth l mark
3 - PART B (Case study): Answer directly in the paper

This examination consists of 12 pages (10 page test + I multiple choice sheet + Code of Ethics). Check to ensure
that you have all pages.

RULES GOVERNING FORMAL EXAMINATIONS

The following are the rules governing formal examinations:

l. Each candidate must be prepared to produce, upon request, a UBCcard for identification.
2. Candidates are not permitted to ask questions of the invigilators, except in cases of supposed elTors or
ambignities in examination questions.
3. Candidates suspected of any of the following, or similar, dishonest practices shall be immediately dismissed from
the examination and shall be liable to disciplinary action:
o having at the place of writing any books, papers or memoranda, calculators, computers, sound or image
players/recorders/transmitters (including telephones), or other memory aid devices, other than those
authorized by the examiners;
. speaking or communicating with other candidates;
. purposely exposing written papers to the view of other candidates or imaging devices. The plea of accident
or forgetfulness shall not be received.
4. Candidates must not destroy or mutilate any examination material, must hand in all examination papers, and must
not take any examination material from the examination room without permission of the invigilator.
5. Candidates must follow any additional examination rules or directions communicated by the instructor or
invigilator.
a.'

MARKS: M/C: -I 50 CASE STUDY: Total: --J S0 BONUS: 5

-l30 -J
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PART A - Answer on the attached bubble sheet

l. In Canada, the title ..professional

Engineer" is restricted, by law, to those persons who have demonstrated
their cg4petence and have been licensed in a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers.
(eyfrue b) False
2. The association of professional engineers also issues licenses to technologists, technicians and research
scientists, througlr dhe CET program.
-b)False.
a) True I

3. Regulation of professional engineering falls under the federal government authority (as opposed to
provincial). n
a) True f b\ False
\-./

4. By-laws of associations define the professional conduct of a practitioner registered with the association.
"
fl r*. b) False

5. If you do not graduate from an accredited university program (e.g., if you graduate from non-Canadian
university), then you can never become a professional engineer in Canada.
a) True
'\) 4D False

6. When you,,seal,, an engineering document with a rubber stamp, your signature on the document is no
longer
required.
a) True b) False

7. The .,self-r"goiting,' aspect of the profession is carried through its Association's disciplinary actions.
(i r*" b) False

g. For consulting engineers, it is not necessary to get the "Errors and Omissions" liability insurance, since they
are covered bv the second-level insurance provided by the Association.
a) True @ rutt"

9. your business strategy manager (with B.Comm. degree) has been appointed as the new "Engineering
manager,,. This title *oJa possibly initiate an enforcement action against him by the Engineering Association.
@ True b) False
10. Sealing a document indicates that you are willing to take personal responsibility for the format of the
documgqt and implies that you are the contact person in case a problem with the document exists:
glTrue b) False

- ll. Engineers can accept a future contract that requires the disclosure of a previous client's affairs, technical,
1 busineJs.,or personal, as long as the job for the previous client is complete and all contractual obligations
were
' fulfilled.
t})1T*. b)false
),<_)/

12. The focus of a ..Management System" (e.g., ISO system) is to ensure that identified actions, impactsrand
outcomes are legal, self-regulatory requirements are managed.,,and appropriate internal controls are in
place.
z"a))True b) False

13.If allowed by law, it can b" qlhicul for Canadian engineers responsible for health, safety and environment of
workers in devlloping countrlE-to have lower health and safety or environmental standards than those of
workers in Canada:
i+\r_5,r_
 Page 3 of L0
a) True b) False
14. "Social responsibility" will not provide an organization with a way to identify and manage risks:
a) True 1!)False

15. A process for social responsibility and sustainable development could result in:
a) Increasing sales
b) Reducing cost
gl Identifying and managing risk
(9)All of the above
16. Which of the following statements about sustainable development is true:
-a)- Sustainable development is about living off the capital
Sustainable development is about economic growth that maximizes shareholder value
-bf Sustainable
r'?)
\ ',/ . .-.
development is about meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the
abrllty of future generations to meet their own needs
d) Sustainable development is about a balance between economic growth and the depletion of irreplaceable
resources

17. which of the following is required for successful tort law suit:
a) Proof that a defect was caused by engineer,s incompetence
b) The defect constitutes a breach of the product warrinty
_-cJ The defect was directly linked to the capital damage that occurred
L d)) None of the above
e) Answers a), b) and c) only

18' Any result or effect-of an apparently neutral and objectively stated or implied rule
or practice implemented
by the majority in place, which is detrimental to an inaiviaual or gro,rp whose personal or collective
characteristics are different from the majority is called:
a) Profilins
(Q Sy.t"ril discrimination
-d) Harassment
'd) Collectiveagreement

19' In December 1989, a massacre of engineering students at the l'Ecole Polytechnique took place
and 13
students were killed. This was a case of senseress violence against:
jL French speaking engineering students
(!! Stuaenrs ofacadian background
c) Female students in engineering
;l)- Administration of the university

20. Engineer's contract (or employment) can be terminated as a result of:

a) Habitual neglect of duty
b) Seriousincompetence
Willful disobedience to a lawful and reasonable order
"qI allof
(g! rhe above

21' Which of the following could be classified as a valid engineering experience and count
towards your p.Eng.
Iicense: .
|--{) Actions that increase the awareness of an engineer's professional responsibility
,1b) Actions that advance the fundamental scientific principles and theorils
S Working in an engineering firm under the supervision of the CFO
$, Ant of the above
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22. The "Code of Bthics" sets out the standard of conduct for engineers in order to ensure that an engineer
fulfills his/her duties to the:
a) Public
b) Employer
c) Profession
1Q. Him/herself
e)l All of the above

23._IlVou accept assignment / job that is beyond your level of expertise, the Association could charge you with:
i3/ MisrePresentation
b) Fraud with financial gain intent
c) Failing to inform your client
d) None of the above
24.The Code of Ethics of APEG-BC and the Code of Ethics of the IEEE engineering society:
a) Are useful in that they allow engineers to adhere to either one or the other in order to maintain a license to
practice engineering
b) Have similarities in areas relating to the public welfare
c) Are both intended mainly to provide engieers with guidance on their self interests
rid) notn b) and c)

25. A negligence charge can be carried forward based on circumstantial evidence. The principle is called:
a).. Quo vadis
nes ipsa loquitur
't-bj)
c) Mea culpa
d) Contra legem

26.\s a professional engineer required to keep abreast of new developments in his/her field of engineering?
- a)-r Yes, because it is interesting to do so
I'-pl
b)l Yes, if they are active in the practice of engineering
No, because it is acceptable to rely on what was taught in university
-O- No, unless an employer is willing to pay for the engineer to take courses while employed
e) None of the above
27. Professional misconduct in the practice of engineering:
,-uf Can include incompetence and comrption, but excludes negligence
)f Can be the cause of disciplinary action only by the government, and not by the provincial or territorial
-^_ engineering association
('c)) Can lead to a member of the provincial or territorial association being reprimanded and, in severe cases,
expelled or suspended
- t, only a matter relating to the integrity of the profession, and does not in general constitute a threat to the
Af
public welfare

28. The moral theory in which actions are judged more by their consequences than anything else is called:
-a) -Riehts'ethics
b+--Ili*ue-ethies
c) Duty-ethics
,6)utititarianism
-df err of,the above
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29. Engineering (technical) societies in Canada:

,d Oo not exist in most major engineering disciplines
Oft.n run conferences to help keep engineers aware of new developments in the field of engineering
f{:) Have
r- similar roles to the provincial and territorial engineering associations
// Never have codes of ethics, because such codes are the responsibility of the provincial and territorial
associations
e) None of the above
30. Ethical dilemmas relating to engineering matters are likely to arise in the area of:
a) A perceived conflict of interest that may cause the decision of an engineer to be seen as biased
b) Intellectual property protection for purposes of obtaining a patent
c) Internationalengineeringactivities
;[) Matters involving worker safety
r e)) Allof the above

31. As a consequence of an engineer's duty to his/her employer, engineers who are employees of a company:
A Cannot take part in a collective action against the employer over any issue
( b) Can be a part of and help create a labor union
H- Can be a part of a labor union, but cannot help create a labor union
d) Answers a) and c)
e) None of the above
32. Engineers are expected to possess the following skills and characteristics:
.xY The ability to understand the economic aspects of engineering products and services
.bf The ability to work in teams, with engineers and non-engineerJ
.B) An understanding of the ethical and environmental ramifications of their activities
--Q' Answers a) and c)
(erAll of the above
33. Engineers who take on management roles in research laboratories of the federal government sometimes
must address:
a) Ethical dilemmas faced by their employees
b) Issues involving human resources
c) Decisions involving financial and material resources
6QAtt of the above
e) None of the above

34. Companies can limit damage to their reputation by dealing openly with problems of Iabour code violations
or envirolmental abuses:
Q/Irue b) False

35. Engineers with purchasing responsibility should not be accountalrle for the impact their suppliers have on
the environmentl.,
a) rrue ll)Fut."
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The following questions (#36 - #42) pertain to this situation:

You are a senior P.Eng. and are employed by a company that designs and manufactures light-weight scooters. The
company has, under your direction, undertaken a major initiative to design and produce a new motorized scooter- A
proiotype of the new scooter has been involved in an accident, but it is not known if the accident was due to a design
problem or afailure in one or more of the scooter's components, or operator error. The scooter operator was seriously
hurt. Consequently, a government regulatory authority is investigating the accident.

36. Which of the following statements describes your professional responsibility regarding the investigation?
3)' You have no obligation to become in any way involved until it is shown that it is not simple operator error that
led to the accident
('U)) you should provide information on the scooter needed to conduct appropriately the investigation
Your company should carry through with its plans to distribute the new scooter for sale in stores, and wait for
'fi the outcome of the investigation
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
37,\n deciding what action you may take:
?) The APEG-BC code of ethics provides no guidance
b) Section on "Dttty to the public welfare" provides relevant guidance
c) Section on "Disclosure of conflict of interest" provides relevant guidance
,/o) ars*ers b) and c)
-O None of the above
38.In what way should your company become involved in the investigation?
_
a). You should not become involved, as any involvement would constitute a conflict of interest
l-- 9) Vou should provide product data and information to the investigators and answer their questions
Il You should become as involved as possible in the investigation so you can try to ensure the results do not harm
your company
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

39. How should you use the results of the investigation once they become available?
d Fix the design if the accident was caused by a design flaw
i'Uf fry to determine ways to improve the product's operating procedures, even if the cause of the accident is
found to be operator error
c) Cancel the plans to produce the new scooter, regardless of the investigation results
d) Answers a) and c)
e) None of the above
40. What actions should you take if the investigators conclude that they feel the accident was due to operator
error, but you suspect, after reviewing the investigation report and based on your knowledge of the scooter, that
the accident may nevertheless have been at least partly attributable to a problem with the way the scooter
components were attached?
g)- lgno." your suspicions and use the investigation report as justification for proceeding with plans to market and
sell the new scooter
,bt Explain your concenrs to your company's senior executives (non-engineers) and let them decide the course of
action to take
.l)
Initiate an investigation within your company to assess your concerns prior to proceeding with plans to market
and sell the new scooter
d) Quit your job to protest the poor work you feel the investigation team did
e) None of the above
.
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41. Which of the following situations would pose a conflict of interest?

a) A member of the investigation team is a close friend of your company's president
b) A member of the investigation team owns a significant amount of stock in your company
c) A member of the investigation team previously worked as an employee in your company
0) att of the above
9' None of the above
1.Withrespect to the environment, the engineer's role is to assess and communicate the implications of designs
and activities with respect to:
a) Public welfare
b) Environmental, health and safety impacts
c) Risk minimization and management
(.) - Social, economic and cultural values

.') )att of the above

el'

The following questions (#43 '#47) pertain to this situation:

Sunoco, the owier of an existing carwash in Kelowna, BC, commissioned the preparation of design drawings for a
self-storage facility as an addition to the car wash. The drawings were prepared by Mr. Johnson, an architect licensed
in"Michigai, USA'. The Johnson drawings, entitled "sunoco Carwash and Storage" consist of foundations, elevations,
roof, and electrical and plumbing plans.
Shortly after the priparatioi if the Johnson drawings, Sunoco submitted them to Mr. Omicron, chief building
fficial, ai the time, jo, knlownafor his consideration. Sunoco and Mr. Omicron met on multiple occasions over the
iixt year to discuss the project, iut Mr. Omicron was never satisfied with the drawings and identified an evolving
series of deficiencies. Ai Sunoco's request, Mr. Johnson revised the drawings in an attempt to incorporate Mn
Omicron's recommendations. Despiti the revisions, Mr. Omicron continued to be critical of the drawings and would
not issue a building permit for the project.
Engineer Kappa (working for Best Civil Engineering Company - BCEC) licensed in British Columbia, was
retained. by Sunoco. Mr. Kappa and BCEC undirstood that their ietainer was limited to providing a structural review
of Mr. Johnson's drawings. Mr. Kappa applied his engineering seal to all of Mr. Johnson's drawings.
ihortly thereafter, Sunoio submittid the stamped drawings to Mr. Omicron for the purpose of determining whether a
building permit could be obtained for the project. Mr. Omicron then contacted Mr. Kappa directly to discuss
architeiiural deficiencies he had identifieid in the drawings and Mr. Kappa told Mr. Omicron that his review of the
drawings was limited to a structural review.
Mr. Omicron identified numerous deficiencies in the drawings relating to the BC Building Code and refused to
issue a building permtt. finally, in frustration, Sunoco decided not to proceed with the project and withdrew
their
application. eltiitafug permit was never granted for the proposed building, and the building was never built.

43. When engineer Kappa checked the drawings for structural loadings:
a) He was correct to stamp all the drawings
b) He was supposed to check the conformity to the BC Building Code
c) He was responsible for all the information contained in the drawings
d) Both (a) and (c)
(6\notrr (b) and (c)

44.T]ne proposed building was never built.

Q)fnis fact has no bearing when evaluating engineer Kappa's behavior
E) If tne building was not built, nobody is at fault of behaving unethically
c) Mr. Omicron was not qualified to check the plans
d) None of the above
 Page 8 of L0

45. Engineer Kappa and his company BCEC were specialized in structural engineering and had been paid to
check ttre integrity of the structuial. The structural drawings were correct and not in violation of the BC
Building Code-. The problems were with the other drawings. Using the professional engineering stamp on all
drary(ngs was in violation of the code of ethics, specifically:
(a)Frofe ssional incomPetence
b) Professional negligence
c) Professional misconduct
d) Unprofessional conduct

46. What if engineer Kappa had stamped only the structural drawings, and had made a clear statement on all
other drawingi, such as piumbing urd electricalo that only the structural checking was completed by him?
I-alWould not make any difference in judging the case
'- bJ Would satisfy that he was doing his duty to the best of his knowledge in structural engineering
c) Would be judged as ethical behavior
d) Both (b) and (c)
e) None of the above

47.|f thebuilding had been built and the drawing, stamped by engineer Kappa, used as submitted in
construction:
.z a) The public safety might have been endangered
./ b) The o*ner of the building would have been in violation of the BC Building Code
QLiability in law might have occurred
1'd))All of the above
! Answers (a) and (c) only

48. you find yourself facing an ethical dilemma regarding an engineering matter in a multinational company
operating in Singapore. The factors you should take into account in deciding your course of action include the
following:
.., a) The number of workers who may die as a consequence of
your decision
I U)tt number of people in the general population who may die as a consequence of your decision
. c) The" number of workers who may lose money as a consequence of your decision
d) The number of people in the general population who may lose money as a consequence of your decision
f$)All of the above

49. The appropriate course of action is usually straight-forwardly identified for an engineer faced with an
ethical dilemma when:
l@fne actions involved in the dilemma are illegal and unethical
5 ff," only harm likely to result from the actions involved in the dilemma is financial
c) No one is likely to be financially harmed
d) All of the above
e) None of the above

50. An engineer working in a small company for six years is promoted to the position of "Manager of Technical
Services" in the company. Such an engineer normally:
a) Has less demands on her time and fewer responsibilities than an engineer who works in industry in a non-
_-lrranagerial role
iU\ff". the same (or greater) demands on her time and the same responsibilities than an engineer who works in
\rfdustry in a non-managerial role
c) Does not experienceiechnical dilemmas because she is in charge of the company's Technical Services division
and can leave the day-to-day engineering to others
d) Answers (b) and (c)
e) None of the above
 Page 9 of 10

cAsE STLIDY (You may use the following two pages for your answer) 30 marks:
govenrment.
A current issue in a small European country poses a major ethical dilemma for the local
public healthcare budget'
Medical doctors working in the pruti. (i.e., siate run) hospitals are paid from the
public hospitals are receiving
This budget is exhausted and no funds are available. However, ihe doctori in the
in the private sector' As a result,
significantly lower salary than their colleagues in neighboring European::ytti:t or
the union representing ihe doctors decidJd to take action ind hearly 4ovo of all doctors from the state hospitals
get increase, they will leave their jobs,
submitted their letters"of resignation as of March 1st. Unless the doctori a salary
government to come-up with
leaving the public healthcare system paralyzed.Unfortunately, the only way for the local
additional funds for the salary increase ii to impose new budget cuts for the ministry of
education. Consequently,
several schools will have to close.

a) clearly state what is the ethical dilemma (one line answer).

_"_--*=..------= and
b)
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theory. Make
p.i""ipf"s that need to be considered in order tb rrra*e,-r:frgmenl-ffiii5n--Tfi-a a

iecommendation as to what should the government do'

..Action xyz is unethical because it is the wrong thing to do" will not earn you any
Note: Simply stating that
you need io-apply the individual principles of each ethical theory to get the marks.

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----------7
BONUS Question: (5 marks bonus)
Given that this course is as much about engineering as it is about professionalism, honesty,and "doing the right thing",
truthfullv answer the following :

How many lectures have you missed in this course so far?

You are allowed +/- 1 uncertainty. No part marks. l>,i:,- r-u*,n) lof l,t-I,5 tj
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Code of Ethics

14 (a) The purpose of the code of ethics is to give general statements of the principles of
ethical conduct in ordei that members and licensees may fulfill their duty to the public, to the
profession and their fellow members and licensees.

Members and licensees shall act at all times with fairness, courtesy and good faith to their
associates, employers, employees and clients, and with fidelity to the public needs. They shall
uphold the values-of truth, honesty and trustworthiness and safeguard human life and welfare and
the environment. ln keeping with these basic tenets, professional members and licensees shall:

(l) hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public, the protection of the
environment and promote health and safety within the workplace;
(2) undertake and acCept responsibility for professional assignments only when qualified
by training or experience;
(3) provide an opinion on a professional subject only when it is founded upon adequate
knowledge and honest conviction;
(4) act as faithful agents of their clients or employers, maintain confidentiality and avoid a
conflict of interest but, where such conflict arises, fully disclose the circumstances
without delay to the employer or client;
(5) uphold the principle of appropriate and adequate compensation for the performance of
engineering and geoscience work;
(6) keep themselves informed in order to maintain their competence, strive to advance the
body of knowiedge within which they practice and provide opportunities for the
professional development of their associates;
(7) conduct themselves with fairness, courtesy and good faith towards clients, colleagues
and others, give credit where it is due and accept, as well as give, honest and fair
professional comment;
(8) present clearly to employers and clients the possible consequences if professional
decisions or judgments are ovemrled or disregarded;
(9) report to their association or other appropriate agencies anyhazardous, illegal or
unethical professional decisions or practices by members, licensees or others; and
( I 0) extend p,.bli. knowledge and appreciation of engineering and geoscience and protect
the profession from misrepresentation and misunderstanding'
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