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Drag Coefficient
The drag coefficient expresses the drag of an object in a moving fluid
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Any object moving through a fluid experiences drag the net force in the direction of flow due to pressure and shear stress forces on the surface of the
object.
Drag force can be expressed as:
Fd = cd 1/2 ρ v2 A (1)
where
Fd = drag force (N)
cd = drag coefficient
ρ = density of fluid (1.2 kg/m3 for air at NTP)
v = flow velocity
A = characteristic frontal area of the body
The drag coefficient is a function of several parameters like shape of the body, Reynolds Number for the flow, Froude number, Mach Number and
Roughness of the Surface.
The characteristic frontal area A depends on the body.
Objects drag coefficients are mostly results of experiments. Drag coefficients for some common bodies are indicated below:
Example Air Resistance on a Normal Car
The force required to overcome air resistance for a normal family car with drag coefficient 0.29 and frontal area 2 m2 in 90 km/h can be calculated as:
Fd = 0.29 1/2 (1.2 kg/m3) ((90 km/h) (1000 m/km) / (3600 s/h))2 (2 m2)
= 217.5 N
compare car air resistance with car rolling resistance
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