Q3) You are also; need to propose the method to repair the cracks that happen to this slab.

The crack above can be fixed using Syringe Injection Method

Introduction

This method enables the grouting material to infiltrate into the minute cracks y utilizing surface
tension and capillary action of sucking up water without the supply of power? Most of
conventional grouting methods use high pressure for injection so the opposition pressure from
the inside of the cracks often causes he breakage of sealing material and the leakage of grouting
material? thus precluding the deep infiltration of the grouting material. However, grouting by
syringe injector enables the perfect grouting of the cracks of concrete structures without any
damage across a large area at the same time by injecting the grouting material slowly and
continuously with low pressure.

Area of application

It can be applied to the following areas when the target member is the structural member and the
measured width of cracks is larger than the tolerance, or when the structural stability, durability
or waterproofing is sought for the cracks for over 0.1mm regardless of the identification of the
structural member.

 Repair and reinforcement of cracks in subway and tunnel.

 Repair and reinforcement of cracks of Pc plate, concrete molding product.
 Grouting reinforcement of aged or weakened parts of concrete.
 Repair and reinforcement of slab and upper plate etc.
  Grouting of loose gap of concrete plastering mortar and tile.
 Repair and reinforcement of bridge and bridge pier etc.

Materials of use based on the width of cracks

Characteristics

You can inject unlimited amount of grouting material without bubbles (remove air) because you
can apply pressure to the plural numbers of cracks sequentially or simultaneously.

Surface tension and capillary action can be fully utilized because of low speed injection and
infiltration into the minute cracks or air void is possible thanks to the low pressure injection
which employs the tensile strength of rubber bands.

As epoxy concrete is more than 4 times as strong as the base structure, it reinforces the weak
parts around the cracks by eliminating or scattering the loads centered on, or moving to, the
weakened parts if there is any threat to the safety of the structure. Namely, the spread or growth
of early stage cracks can be prevented by reducing the local loads to the maximum by scattering
the centered loads over a large area.

The best way for the water leakage (dampness) caused by cracks is to rework on the
waterproofing but it involves an increased construction cost. And rework on the waterproofing
 with the cracks left unrepaired is most likely to lead to recurrence of defects. Because the
waterproofing work on the parts that are not durable is meaningless, you have to choose a
repairing method that can satisfy both durability and waterproofness.

Epoxy resin is the resin which is specially designed to have elasticity and receptivity against
vibration or cracks and can be used for the syringe injection with a selection of viscosity and pot
life.

Specification of Syringe Injector

 Selection criteria based on the width and depth of cracks

Grouting material of low viscosity and long pot life should be used for the narrow but deep
cracks while the grouting material of high viscosity and short pot life should be used for the side
but shallow cracks.
 Selection criteria based on the injection device
You can use the grouting material of low viscosity for injection in low pressure with syringe
injector, injection pot, reinjector etc and the grouting material of relatively high viscosity for the
work with packer which can withstand high injection pressure.
 For the repair of cracks of new structure with vibration or under stabilization process, you should
use the grouting materials with elasticity and elongation. Some product of high strength may
cause new cracks.
 The cracks of concrete structures usually contain moisture inside due to the difference in
temperature between the inside and the outside and due to the moisture in the air. Therefore, you
should use, even for the dried surface, such a type of resin that has high adhesive strength for wet
area and should use wet type resin especially for the cracks of underground structures.

Steps for Reinjector

1) Inspection of cracks and surface treatment

Work process should be determined by checking in advance the condition, width, depth
of cracks.
 Remove dust or dirt from the area to be sealed with a wire brush and remove dirt from the
surface by using a detergent like soap or thinner if any oily substance still remains

2) Determine the area where to place washer

The washer should be placed in an interval of 15cm~20cm depending oh the width of
cracks.Usually 20cm is the most appropriate distance between the washers. You should
put 5~6 washers for the repairing of cracks of one meter length.

3) Sealing of cracks
You should seal cracks with epoxy sealing material, 1mm think and 30mm wide, except
for areas where to put the washer to prevent the injected epoxy from leaking, If sealing is
not properly done on cracks, loss of epoxy resin can occur due to the damage of sealing
when injection device is installed. Therefore, you should pay special attention while you
work.
4) Setting the washer
You should set the washer with epoxy sealing material on the places make in advance.
Stop the work until the sealing material is completely hardened. (It takes about 24 hours
at the normal temperature of 25℃)

5) Injection of Epoxy
Fill the syringe injector with 30cc of epoxy grouting material and connect rubber bands
with the washers. Place all the syringe injectors on the washers in the same way.
when the grouting material of a syringe injector is consumed before tack free, you have to
 replace the syringe injector promptly with a syringe injector newly charge and continue
injection.

6) Finishing Work
After confirming that the grouting material is hardened, remove the syringe injector and washer
and grind the surface cleanly with a hand grinder and finish, if necessary, with crack cover
material or paint, (You can do the finishing work after about one day in summer, and about two
days in winter, which is required for initial hardening)

Notes on job site work

 Never fail to abide by the designated mixture ratio, for it is the dual component type of the main
material and the hardener. Acceleration or deceleration of the hardening speed through a random
increase or decrease of the hardener will cause greatly reduce the post hardening properties.
 Mix the volume only that you can use up within the pot life. Pay attention to the fact that the
reaction speed of mixed resin becomes fast when the temperature is high or its volume is large,
and slow when the temperature is low or its volume is small.
 If the temperature is below 5℃ at the site, raise the temperature by indirect heating before use.
 Please inject sufficient quantity of epoxy resin if there are too many air voids, or the base
structure is not strong, or injection is made into cement block or the cracks are penetrated.(Some
of epoxy resin should still remain in the injector even after the injection is completed)If the
epoxy is absorbed into the base structure concrete or runs down, the inside of the cracks may still
remain empty.
 Pay attention to the ventilation of the site and avoid long work. Be wary of fire while handling.
Epoxy does not contain flammable organic solvents, but it is still flammable substance.
 Clean the tools, containers etc promptly when the work is finished.
 Please make sure that it does not come into contact with human skin directly. (use protective
glove etc) If it happens to come into contact with your skin, wash it well with a large amount of
water and soap. In case it gets into your eyes, wash it with water immediately and see a doctor.