Building Technology 3  ADMIXTURE

- Portland cement is the most common

 SETTLEMENT
materials for this; material other than
- the downward movement of a building to
water, aggregate or hydraulic cement, used
appoint below its original position
as in ingredient of concrete and added
 FOUNDATION
concrete before or during its mixture to
- a device at the base of structure which
modify its properties; substances added to
transmit the load to the soil which is resting
cements, mortars, concrete for the purpose
on it
of improving or imparting particular
 FOOTING
properties such as: workability, durability,
- a part of foundation system where
etc.
columns, pier or wall are at rest
 EXCAVATION
 BEAM
- the removal of earth or soil from its
- a horizontal structural member which
natural position; it is the process of digging
transfers load from above to its bearing
the earth to provide a place for the
points
foundation of the building
 COLUMN
 OPEN EXCAVATION
- a major part of a building that is good in
- a type of excavation having a depth which
compression rather than tension
exceeds it width measurement at the
 CANTILEVER BEAM bottom
- a horizontal structural member supported
 SHORING
at one end only; these beams are supported
- a support system used to prevent
at one end only or they may be that portion
movement of soil
of beams projecting beyond on of its
 SHEETHING
support
- the most effective means of creating walls
 GIRDER
for tunnel
- a type of beam which carries another
 SHIELDING
beam
- another name for shoring
 BED ROCK
 DYNAMIC
- a type of soil which has a bearing capacity
- a system which is performed by dropping
of 4,00 PSF
a heavy weight concrete or steel from
 SAND AND GRAVEL
heights of 30-100 ft.
- the best type of soil for foundations
 TENSION CRACKS
 SOIL COMPACTION
- cracks usually form at the horizontal
- another type of soil improvement
distance of 0.5 to 0.75 times the depth the
 SOILT TEST trench
- type of soil test essential in determining
 MAT FOOTING
types and depth of foundation
- where the building should rest if the soil is
 SOIL IMPROVEMENT found to be loose fine sand; a type of
- used in reducing liquefaction hazards to foundation that can be considered a large
avoid large increase in pure water pressure footing extending over a great area,
during earthquake shaking frequently an entire building. All vertical
 GROUT structural loadings from columns and walls
- defined as the injection of a special liquid are supported on the common foundation
 LOAD
- equivalent to construction if in physics it is
the force
 METHOD IN SOIL IMPROVEMENT
- Compaction Piles; Over Excavation;
Dynamic Compaction
 CONTINUOUS BEAM
- refers to a beam with two spans with or
without restraint at the two extreme ends;
these are beams resting on more than two
supports. The terms “semi-continuous” is
also frequently used in reinforced concrete
 VERTICAL EXCAVATION
- it is the ideal choice for any excavation
project which takes place in large urban
setting with high level of residential and
commercial occupancy
 LIVE LOAD
- a weight or mass that is supported
 COMPACTION GROUTING
- it is a good option if the foundation of an
existing building requires improvement
 COFFERDAMS
- an excavation method commonly used in
waterlogged sites where it helps to provide
structural strength
 STEEL PARS
- the most commonly used reinforcing
materials for most construction in various
structures
 COMPOSITE COLUMN
- type of column when structural steel is
embedded in to the concrete core of the
spiral column
 PILE OR PIER FOUNDATION
- it is intended to transmit structural loads
through the upper zone of poor soil to a
depth
 HORIZONTAL EXCAVATION
- it is preferred choice for project involving
shallow sites with a light or non-existent
residential and commercial population
 STEP TRENCHING
- commonly used by modern construction
workers being employed when digging is
required, derived its name from the unique
steps formed in the process of digging
 MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION
- is classified as a large footing extending
over a wide area of the building itself
 LARGE TREES
- these indicate solid ground
 CONVEX TERRAIN
- dry, solid place to build
 CONCAVE TERRAIN
- wet, soft place to build
 STEEP TERRAIN
- costly excavations, potential erosions and
sliding soils
 FLOATING FOUNDATION
- special type of foundation applied in
location where deep deposit of
compressible cohesive soil exists and the
use of pile is impractical
 FASTENERS
- term used for both rivets and bolts
 CAISSON
- is a structural box ore chamber that is
sunk in place or built in place
 DEAD LOAD
- the weight of the structure itself
 LALLY COLUMN
- is a fabricated post made of steel pipe
provided with a plain flat steel bar or plate
which hold a girder, beam or girt
 SCAFFOLDING
- required for access mainly to construct
walls, upper floors when brickworks
exceeds chest level above the ground
 VOLUMETRIC EXPANSION
- it is preferred choice for project involving
shallow sites with a light or non-existent
residential and commercial population
 PALITADA
- vernacular term for CHB laying
 ASTM
- American Society for Testing Materials
 SKYLIGHT
- a window attached horizontally to the roof
 that harvest natural lighting and promotes
energy efficient design
 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
- a plan that shows location of lights and
other features of a ceiling
 FIREWALL
- a wall designed that prevents the spread
of fire to another structure
 PLUMBING LAW
- Republic Act No. 1378
 PLUMBING
- the art and technique of installing pipes,
fixtures and other apparatuses in buildings
for bringing in the supply of liquids,
substances, and/or ingredients and
removing them, and such water, liquid and
other carried-wastes hazardous to health,
sanitation , life and property pipes and
fixtures after installation
 WOODS THAT ARE USED FOR
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
- Mahogany; Yakal; The Great Old Oak Tree
 GRANITE
- commonly used in kitchen counter tops
 GLASS BLOCKS
- glass that can redirect the sunlight
towards a given space
 LOCK INSIDE
- locks used in toilet
 PD 1185
- Fire Code of the Philippines
 PD 1096
- National Building Code
 COMMONLY USED AS EXTERIOR WALL
- Shear wall; Precast concrete wall; Dry wall
 RIPRAP
- used to prevent soil erosion in creeks
 5 YEARS
- normal length of warranty for roof deck
waterproofing
 ARCHITECT
- the one who prepares and sign all
architectural drawings
 6 SETS
- sets of construction drawings a
client/owner should submit to the Building
Official for the acquisition of the Building
Permit
 SLAB SOFFIT
- another term for under slab
 BUILDING OFFICIAL
- the one who approves and issue Building
Permit
 COMMONLY USED TO LESSEN THE HEAT
INSIDE A ROOM
- Double Foil Bubble Insulation Reflective
Wrap
 6” OR 4” CHB WALL
- a wall that should be used to reduce the
sound of flushing generated from the toilet
 SUMP PIT
- it is commonly located at basement and
absorbs or collects excess or unnecessary
surface water
 BUHOS
- vernacular term for concrete pouring
 BLOCKOUTS
- a floor opening where all utilities passes
through from one floor to another
 HALF BATH
- Lavatory and Water Closet
 REFLECTIVE GLASS
- kind of window wherein in the morning,
exterior can be viewed and at night,
reflection of yourself can be seen
 HAMMER
- striking tool
 RISER
- in designing a stair, to find the number of
stairs, divide the height of the stair by the
height of each
 STEEP GABLE ROOF ON METAL FRAMING
- roofing system used when building a
structure in a heavy forested area
 TILE ADHESIVE
- used for bonding ceramic tiles on walls
and floors
 S2S
- Smooth to Smooth Sides
 HULOG
- vernacular term to determine vertical
alignment
 SEISMIC GAP
- a gap between two connecting slabs
 BEST SOLUTION IF IN A CERTAIN PROJECT
THAT CONCRETE STRENGTH OF THE
COLUMN DOES NOT PASS THE SPECIFIC
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
- File a report to stating the issue at hand
and the recommendation for the
immediately demolishment the said
column.
 PANEL DOOR WITH PANIC BAR
- door used in fire exits
 VOLUME
- the amount of space measured in cubic
units
 FAÇADE
- full elevation or face of the building
 TOLERANCE
- the acceptable variance of dimensions
from the approved standard size
 GYPSUM BOARD
- a wallboard with a gypsum plaster core
bonded to layers of paper or fiberboard;
used instead of plaster or wallboard to
make interior walls
 OCCUPANT LOAD
- referred to as by the total number of
persons that may occupy a building or a
portion thereof at any one time as per PD
1096
 LATRINE
- a water closet consisting of a continuous
trough containing water. The trough
extends under two or more adjacent seats
 SEPTIC TANK
- is a watertight receptacle, which receives
the discharge of a plumbing system or part
thereof, and is designed and constructed so
as to separate solids from the liquid digest
the organic matter through a period of
detention, and allows the effluent to
discharge into a storm drain; or directly to
the ground outside the tank through a
system of joint or perforated piping
 VENT
- a pipe or opening used to ensuring the
circulation of air in plumbing system and for
reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals
 ROUGHING-IN
- the installation of all pipes in the plumbing
system that are in partitions and under
floors. It includes the plumbing work done
before the setting of the fixtures, or
finishing
 HOUSE DRAIN
- part of the lowest horizontal piping of a
plumbing system which receives the
discharge from soil, waste, and other
drainage pipes
 GLAZING
- the placing of glass in windows and doors
 STACK
- another name for installed vertical pipe
 BP 344
- Accessibility Law
 POST-TENSIONING
- is a method of reinforcing (strengthening)
concrete or other materials with high-
strength steel strands or bars, typically
referred to as tendons
 TROWEL
- tool used in finishing the surface of the
plaster to the required smoothness
 SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH
- it is the only all-steel church or basilica in
Asia. Also, the first prefabricated building in
the world and more plausibly claimed as the
only prefabricated steel church in the world
 CONCRETE
- a proportioned mixture of cement,
aggregate and water, which when properly
proportioned, is at first a plastic mass which
can be cast or moulded into predetermined
size or shape
 REINFORCED CONCRETE
- a concrete strengthened by having steel
embedded
 PLAIN OR MASS CONCRETE
- a concrete without reinforcement
 FINE AGGREGATE
- type of aggregate smaller than ¼” in size
consist of sand, stone screenings or other
inert materials of similar characteristics
 COURSE AGGREGATE
- type of aggregate larger than ¼’ in size
consist of crush stones, gravel or other
similar characteristics
 SLUMP TEST
- it is a test used in measuring the
consistency of a concrete mix, defined as
the state of fluidity of the mix
 CEMENT PLASTER
- it is a proportioned mixture of cement,
fine aggregate and water
 CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT
- Concrete Hollow Block international name
 STAKES
- are wooden used as posts sharpened at
one end driven into the ground to serve as
boundaries or supports of the batter boards
 STRING
- are either plastic cords or galvanized wires
strung across batter boards and used to
indicate the outline of the building wall and
foundation
 BATTER BOARDS
- board nailed horizontally at the stake
which serve as the horizontal plane where
the reference point of building
measurements are established
 FORMWORKS
- used to shape and support fresh concrete
until cured and able to support itself
 ½” THICK
- thickness of plywood forms used where
smooth surface is required, should be
waterproof, Grade “A”
 FOUNDATION BED
- a natural material on which the
construction rest
 GRADE BEAM
- part of a foundation system which
supports the exterior wall of the
superstructure and bears directly on the
column footing
 FOUNDATION WALL
- part of the building foundation which
forms the permanent retaining wall of the
structure below the grade
 WATER TABLE
- level beneath which soil is saturated with
groundwater
 DENSITY
- the critical factoring determining the
bearing capacity of granular soils
 DEWATERING
- refers to the process of lowering a water
table of preventing an excavation from
filling with ground water
 WALL FOOTING
- it is a strip of reinforced concrete wider
than the wall which distributes the load to
the soil
 DOWEL
- short reinforcing bars of steel which
extend approximately equally into two
abutting pieces of concrete, to increase the
strength of joint
 LINTEL
- a horizontal structural member (such as
beam) over an opening which carries the
weight of the wall above it. Usually of steel,
stone or wood
 ISOLATION JOINTS
- it is often called expansion joints. It allows
movement to occur between a concrete
slab and adjoining columns and walls of the
building
 SPREAD FOUNDATION
- this type of foundation is employed when
stable soil of adequate bearing capacity
occurs relatively n ear the ground surface
 ISOLATED FOOTING
- are spread footings supporting free-
standing columns and piers
 STRIP FOOTING
- is a continuous spread footing of
foundation walls
 COMBINED FOOTING
- supporting two or more columns. This
type of footing is used where it is not
possible to center the footing beneath its
supported column as in the case of columns
located at or near the property line
 CANTILEVERED FOOTING
- this type of footing may be used in place
of a combined footing under the same
conditions. The footing of exterior and
interior column as in the case of columns
located at or near the property line
 MAT FOUNDATION
- this type of foundation is employed on soil
with low bearing capacity where there is a
tendency towards unequal settlement due
to unequal loading of soil
 PILE FOUNDATION
- it is a system of end bearing or friction
piles, pile caps and tie beams for
transferring building loads to a suitable
beating stratum
 PILE CAP
- a slab or connecting beam which covers
the head of the group piles, tying them
together so that the structural load is
distributed and they will act as a single unit
 SIMPLE BEAM
- these are beams having a single span with
support at each end, there being no
restraint at the supports
 BENT BAR
- it is a longitudinal bars bent to an angle of
30 degrees or more with the axis of a
concrete beam, perpendicular to and
intersecting the cracking that could occur
from the diagonal section