Credit Hours System

Mechanical Design
Engineering Cairo University
Department Faculty of Engineering
MDPN 457 Fluid
Power System

Group Assignment
Plotting Q-P for different pressure settings

Submitted By:
Omar Mohsen 1135126
Soheil Hussein El-Saify 1135159
Mahmoud Sayed Zaghlool 1135487
Submitted to: Submission Date: 26/12/2017
Dr. Saad Kassem
Eng. Mahmoud Essam
 Abstract
The purpose of this report is to show the data calculated, equations used and a Q-P plot for different pressure
settings. In this report, the complete calculations and the matlab code used will be available as well as
comments on the final results if any.

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 Table of Contents
Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. I
Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... III
Table of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ III
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Givens ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
Solution .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Calculated Values (Case 2) ............................................................................................................................ 3
Calculated Values (Case 1) ............................................................................................................................ 4
MATLAB Code for Case 2 ............................................................................................................................ 5
MATLAB Code for Case 1 ............................................................................................................................ 6
Discussion .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

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 Table of Figures
Figure 1: Relief Valve Cross-Sectional View .................................................................................................... 1
Figure 2: Q-P Plot (Case 2) ................................................................................................................................ 3
Figure 3: Q-P Plot (Case 1)................................................................................................................................ 4

Table of Tables
Table 1:Table of Givens..................................................................................................................................... 2

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 Introduction
A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in
a system; pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, or
fire. The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flow from an auxiliary passage out of the
system. The relief valve is designed or set to open at a predetermined set pressure to protect pressure vessels
and other equipment from being subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits. When the set pressure
is exceeded, the relief valve becomes the "path of least resistance" as the valve is forced open and a portion
of the fluid is diverted through the auxiliary route.

Figure 1: Relief Valve Cross-Sectional View

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 Problem Statement
Plot the Q-P curve at two different setting pressures with at least 20 points per curve as functions of the flow
rate using the parameters given in the table below.

Also determine the cracking pressure and maximum override pressure for each case.

Each group is required to submit a report including:

1- Required Calculations
2- Q-P curves and used matlab code
3- Constructional drawing f the valve (cross-sectional view)

Givens
Spring Initial Maximum Seat
Setting Maximum Poppet
Group No. Compression Flow Rate Diameter
Pressure Displacement (mm)
(mm) (L/min) (mm)
150 R R
4 80 10
200 12 1.6
Table 1:Table of Givens

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 Solution
Calculated Values (Case 2)
K= 99404.39 N/m
Alpha= 10.42°
Pcr= 151.88 bar
Pmax.override=48.12 bar

Figure 2: Q-P Plot (Case 2)

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Calculated Values (Case 1)
X= 2.98 mm
XO= 6.97 mm
Pcr= 88.19 bar
Pmaximum override=61.81 bar

Figure 3: Q-P Plot ( Case 1)

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MATLAB Code for Case 2
clear
clc

%P*Ai==Fs + k*x + ro*q*v*cos(alpha)

%%Givens all units are SI case 2

P=200*10^5; %Setting Pressure Pa
Xo=12*10^-3; %Spring Initial Compression m
X=1.6*10^-3; %Maximum poppet Displacement m
Q=80/60000; % Flow Rate m/s
di=10*10^-3; % Seat diameter m
ro=860; % Density kg/m^3
Cd=0.7; %Discharge Coeffecient
Cv=0.9; %Flow Coeffecient
v=Cv*sqrt(2*P/ro); %velocity m/s
Af=Q/(Cd*sqrt(2*P/ro)); %Final Area m^2
Ai=0.25*pi*di^2; %Seat Area m^2

%% solving for k and alpha

syms K alpha
eqn1= Af == (0.5*pi*(2*di-X*sin(2*alpha))*(X*sin(alpha)));
solA= vpasolve(eqn1);
alpharad=double(solA); %Half Cone Angle in rad
alphadeg = alpharad/pi * 180; %Half Cone angle in deg
eqn2= K*(X+Xo)== P*Ai - ro*Q*v*cos(alpharad);
solK=vpasolve(eqn2);
k=double(solK); %Spring Stiffness N/m
fprintf('K= %.2f N/m',k); fprintf('\n');
fprintf('Alpha= %0.2f°', alphadeg); fprintf('\n');
%% Cracking Pressure and Maximum override Pressure
Pcr=(k*Xo/Ai); %Pa
Pcrbar=(k*Xo/Ai)/100000; % bar
Pmo=(P/100000)-Pcrbar; %bar
fprintf('P_cr= %0.2f \nP_max.override=%0.2f', Pcrbar, Pmo); fprintf('\n');

%%Plotting Q-P
count=1;
Qf=zeros(161,1);
Ql=0:0.5:80;
Qn=0;
Xn=zeros(size(Qf));
Pnm=zeros(size(Qf));
Pbar=zeros(size(Qf));
while Qn<=80/60000
syms Xn Pn
dn=di-Xn*sin(2*alpharad);
Afn=0.5*pi*(di+dn)*Xn*sin(alpharad);
eqn=[k*(Xn+Xo)+2*Cd*Cv*Afn*Pn*cos(alpharad)==Pn*Ai;...
Cd*Afn*sqrt(2*Pn/ro)==Qn];
range=[0 0.002; 150*10^5 201*10^5];
sol=vpasolve(eqn,[Xn,Pn],range);
Ps=double(sol.Pn);
Xf=double(sol.Xn);
Pbar(count,1)=Ps*10^-5;
Qf(count,1)=Qn*60000;
Qn=Qn+(0.5/60000);
count=count+1;
end
plot(Pbar,Qf), grid on; xlabel('Pressure (P) (bar)'), ylabel('Flow Rate (Q) (L/min)');

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MATLAB Code for Case 1
clear
clc

%P*Ai==Fs + k*x + ro*q*v*cos(alpha)

%%Givens all units are SI case 2

P=150*10^5; %Setting Pressure Pa
Q=80/60000; % Flow Rate m/s
di=10*10^-3; % Seat diameter m
ro=860; % Density kg/m^3
alpha=0.1819; %half cone angle rad
alpharad=alpha;
k=99404; %spring stifness N/m
Cd=0.7; %Discharge Coeffecient
Cv=0.9; %Flow Coeffecient
v=Cv*sqrt(2*P/ro); %velocity m/s
Af=Q/(Cd*sqrt(2*P/ro)); %Final Area m^2
Ai=0.25*pi*di^2; %Seat Area m^2

%% solving for k and alpha

syms x xnode
eqn1=P*(pi/4)*(di)^2==k*(x+xnode)+(ro*Q*v*cos(alpha));
eqn2=Q==0.7*((2*di)-(x*sin(2*alpha)))*(x*sin(alpha))*(sqrt(2*P/ro));
solf=solve([eqn1,eqn2],[x,xnode]);
X=double(solf.x);
Xo=double(solf.xnode);

%%getting value of X
if X(1)>0 && X(2)>0
if X(1)>X(2)
X=X(2);
else
X=X(1);
end
elseif X(1)>0 && X(2)<0
X=X(1);
elseif X(1)<0 && X(2)>0
X=X(2);
end

%%getting value of Xo

if Xo(1)>0 && Xo(2)>0

if Xo(1)>Xo(2)
Xo=Xo(2);
else
Xo=Xo(1);
end
elseif Xo(1)>0 && Xo(2)<0
Xo=Xo(1);
elseif Xo(1)<0 && Xo(2)>0
Xo=Xo(2);
end
fprintf('X= %0.5f \nXo= %0.5f\n',X,Xo);
%% Cracking Pressure and Maximum override Pressure
Pcr=(k*Xo/Ai); %Pa
Pcrbar=(k*Xo/Ai)/100000; % bar
Pmo=(P/100000)-Pcrbar; %bar
fprintf('P_cr= %0.2f \nP_max.override=%0.2f', Pcrbar, Pmo); fprintf('\n');

%%Plotting Q-P
count=1;

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Qf=zeros(161,1);
Ql=0:0.5:80;
Qn=0;
Pnm=zeros(161,1);
Pbar=zeros(161,1);
while Qn<=80/60000
syms Xn Pn
dn=di-Xn*sin(2*alpharad);
Afn=0.5*pi*(di+dn)*Xn*sin(alpharad);
eqn=[k*(Xn+Xo)+2*Cd*Cv*Afn*Pn*cos(alpharad)==Pn*Ai;...
Cd*Afn*sqrt(2*Pn/ro)==Qn];
range=[0 X+0.001; Pcr-1*10^5 151*10^5];
sol=vpasolve(eqn,[Xn,Pn], range);
Ps=double(sol.Pn); %
Xf=double(sol.Xn);
Pbar(count,1)=Ps*10^-5;
Qf(count,1)=Qn*60000;
Qn=Qn+(0.5/60000);
count=count+1;
end
plot(Pbar,Qf), grid on;
xlabel('Pressure (P) (bar)');
ylabel('Flow Rate (Q) (L/min)');

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 Discussion
After using the values for K and Alpha from case 2, there were used to calculate the spring initial
compression and maximum poppet displacement.

Using the while loop, the values for P against Q were calculated. However, the value for the Pressure at
Q=80L/min was expected to be 150bar while it is approximately 135bar. This can be due to an error in the
previous calculations of maximum poppet displacement or any other variable.

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