SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

Section A Multiple-choice Questions [ 15 marks ]

Answer all questions.

1 To convert a nucleoside to a nucleotide, it would be necessary to

A combine two nucleosides using dehydration synthesis.
B remove the pentose from the nucleoside.
C replace the purine with a pyrimidine.
D add phosphate to the nucleoside.

2 The diagram below shows the molecular structure of an organic compound.

What is the name of this compound?

A Testosterone C Phospholipid
B Triacylglycerol D Cholesterol

3 Match the type of organelle with its correct function.

Organelle Function

(a) Ribosome I Protein synthesis

(b) Endoplasmic reticulum II Sort, package lipid and protein for shipment

(c) Nucleolus III Protein modification, lipid synthesis

(d) Golgi apparatus IV Ribosome subunit assembly

I II III IV

A (c) (b) (d) (a)

B (a) (d) (b) (c)

C (c) (d) (a) (b)

D (a) (b) (c) (d)

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

4 The table below lists different types of white blood cells and their respective functions. Which of the
following combinations is correct?
Blood cell Function

(a) Neutrophil I Produces antibodies

(b) Eosinophil II Preventing blood clots

(c) Basophil III Phagocytosis

(d) Lymphocyte IV Plays a role in allergy responses

(a) (b) (c) (d)

A III IV II I

B IV II I III

C I III IV II

D II I III IV

5 A plant cell has -1200 kPa of solute potential and pressure potential of 800 kPa. If the cell is put
into a solution of solute potential of -1700 kPa, what is the difference between the inside of the
cell and the outside of the cell and what is the osmotic pressure of the solution?
A 2100 kPa, hypertonic C 1100 kPa, hypertonic
B -2100 kPa, hypotonic D -1100 kPa, hypotonic

6 According to the Fluid-mosaic model of the membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are
mostly
A embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
B confined to the hydrophobic core of the membrane.
C randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity
D spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane

7 Which statement is not true about the effects of various conditions on the activity of an enzyme?
A Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

B Enzyme activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration.

C When sufficient substrate is available, the active site will nearly always be occupied.
D A change in pH can inactivate an enzyme.

8 The scheme below outlines the steps in the breakdown of starch into glucose.

What type of enzymes are involved in steps I and II?

A Dehydrogenases C Hydrolases
B Oxidases D Decarboxylases

9 In non-competitive inhibitor, the allosteric inhibitor

A binds to the active site, preventing the substrate from binding to the enzyme
B binds to the substrate, preventing it from binding to the active site
C binds to the enzyme at a site away from the active site, altering the shape of the enzyme
D changes the pH of the environment that the enzyme acts in

10 Which of the following takes place before glucose can be broken down to two 3C sugars?
A Each glucose molecule must be added with one ATP.
B Each glucose molecule must be attached with two phosphate groups.
C Each glucose molecule must be added with three ATP.
D Each glucose molecule must be attached with three phosphate groups.

11 Which of the following is true regarding the number of ATP molecules produced by the various cells?

Cells Total number of ATP molecules

A Muscle, heart 36

B Heart, liver 38

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

C Pancrease, liver 36

D Brain, skeletal muscle 38

12 When pyruvate is converted to ethanol, it will produce

I NAD+ III CO2
II Acetyl CoA

A I only C I and III only

B I and II only D I,II and III

13 Which of the following is false for C4 photosynthesis?

A Occurs in Grammineae
B Involves two chloroplasts
C Involves mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
D Involves starch

14 Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between cyclic and non-cyclic
photophosphorylation?
A In addition to ATP, non-cyclic photophosphorylation also produces O2 and NADPH.
B Only cyclic photophosphorylation utilises light at 700nm.
C Chemiosmosis is unique to non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
D Only cyclic photophosphorylation can operate in the absence of photosystem II.

15 What colour of light is the least effective for carrying out photosynthesis?
A Green light C Yellow light
B Blue light D Red light

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

Section B Structured Questions [ 15 marks ]

Answer all questions.

16 The figure below shows a cross section of Zea mays stem.

(a) (i) Identify tissues P and Q.

___________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) State the functions of tissues P and Q.

___________________________________________________________________________

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018
(2 marks)

(b) Name the cells that make up tissue P.

________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(c) X and Y are two types of ground tissue.

(i) Name X and Y.

__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) State a structural difference between X and Y.

__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(iii) Give one function of Y.

__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

17 The diagram shows the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

(a) In which part of a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

_________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(b) Name the substances in boxes A, B and C.

A: _________________________________________________________________________

B: _________________________________________________________________________

C: _________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)
(c) Use information in the diagram to explain the role of chlorophyll in photolysis

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
(4 marks)

Section C Essay Questions [ 30 marks ]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18. (a) Cellulose is the structural carbohydrate in plants. Describe the structure of cellulose (8 marks)
and explain how the structure is related to its function.
(b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the structure and functions of lecithin. (7 marks)

19. (a) Explain what is meant by 'enzyme immobilisation'. (2 marks)

(b) What are the advantages of using immobilised enzymes in industrial processes? (4 marks)
(c) (i) What is a biosensor? (3 marks)
(ii) Explain how a glucose biosensor works. (6 marks)

20. (a) Describe briefly the various ways ATP is synthesised in a cell. (9 marks)
(b) With the aid of a diagram, explain how a mitochondrion is adapted to its function. (6 marks)

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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018
SKEMA JAWAPAN
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

Section A Multiple-Choices Questions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
D D B A C A B C C B B C D D A

Section B Structured Questions

16. (a) (i) P: Phloem Q: Xylem (1)
(ii) P transports sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant. (1)
Q transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves. (1)
(b) Sieve element, companion cells, fibres and parenchyma cells (1)
(c) (i) X: Parenchyma (1)
Y: Collenchyma
(ii) • Parenchyma is isodiametric in shape while collenchyma is polygonal/elongated in (1)
shape.
 Parenchyma has a very thin primary wall while in collenchyma the primary (1)
wall is thickened at the corners.
(choose anyone answer)
(iii) Provide support to the stems of young plants without restraining growth (1)

17. (a) Grana/thylakoids/ lamellae (1)

(c) A = oxygen/O2 (1)
B = ADP and phosphate/Pi /phosphoric acid/correct formula; (1)
C = reduced NADP; ALLOW NADPH/NADPH2 /NADPH + H+ (1)
(d) Absorbs light/energy (1)
Loses electrons/becomes positively charged/is oxidised (1)
Accepts electrons from water/from OH– ; (1)
(1)
Causes more water to dissociate/pulls equilibrium to the right

Section C Essay Questions

18 (a)  Cellulose is composed of long, straight unbranched polysaccharide chains made (1)
up of about 10 000 β glucose units.
 The glucose residues are linked together by β -l, 4 glycosidic bonds. (1)
(1)
 Each β -glucose residue is linked to the next glucose unit by a rotation of 180°.
 This orientation causes the hydroxyl groups (-OH) to project outwards on either (1)
side of the chain.
 Hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydroxyl groups of adjacent (1)
polysaccharide chains.
 The parallel chains are grouped together to form microfibrils and then rearranged (1)
to form macrofibrils.
(Choose four structure)
Max: 4
Structure of cellulose related to its function
 This orientation causes the hydroxyl groups (-OH) to project outwards on either (1)
side of each chain.
 Many hydrogen bonds can be formed between the protruding groups. These (1)
collectively produce a more stable structure.
 The parallel chains group together to form microfibrils which then are held (1)
together to form thicker and stronger bundles called macrofibrils or fibres.
 Cellulose is the main component of a plant cell wall. The fibres give the cell wall

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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

its high tensile strength and rigidity. The binding of cellulose fibres with (1)
hemicellulose and pectates in the matrix further increases the strength of the cell
wall. It protects the plant cell and prevents it from bursting when water enters by
osmosis.
 Cellulose fibres are loosely arranged in the primary wall of the plant cell. This
produces spaces between the fibres and the cell wall is therefore freely permeable (1)
to water and solutes.
 Cellulose is an energy source for herbivores. The β -1,4 glycosidic bonds can be
hydrolysed to release glucose molecules which can be oxidised to release energy. (1)
(choose four functions)

Max: 4
(b) (1)

 Lecithin is the most common phospholipid in the human body. It is important (1)
component of the plasma membrane and membranes of organelles of the cell.
 Phospholipid is formed from condensation of one glycerol molecule with two (1)
molecules of fatty acids. The third hydroxyl group of the glycerol is linked to a
negatively charged phosphate group.
 Lecithin has a choline group which is positively charged and attached to the (1)
phosphate group.
 In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules arrange themselves to form (1)
a two-layer membrane.
 The polar hydrophilic heads point outwards, attracted to the aqueous surroundings (1)
and form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
 The nonpolar hydrocarbon tails are repelled by water and face inwards, attracted
(1)
to one another by hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions.
 Lecithin helps to maintain the fluidity of the membrane. (1)
 It is selectively permeable and allows lipid-soluble substances and small nonpolar (1)
substances to pass through the membrane.
 The bilayer phospholipids form a boundary separating the cell contents from the (1)
external environment.
Max: 6

19 (a)  A process by which enzyme movement is restricted (1)

 By entrapping enzymes in inert matrices or capsules with selectively-permeable (1)
membranes.
(b)  lmmobilisation helps to make the enzyme molecules more thermostable and able (1)
to withstand higher temperatures
 Thus they are less likely to be denatured (1)
(1)
 The enzymes are trapped in beads and therefore do not contaminate the end-
products. (1)
 The end-products do not have to be purified.

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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018

 The immobilised enzymes may be reused several times. (1)

 The cost of operation in industrial process becomes cheaper. (1)
Max: 4
(c) (i)  A biosensor is a probe that combines biological material (enzymes/ (1)
antibodies) with an electronic component.
 Used to detect presence of specific chemicals both qualitatively and (1)
quantitatively
 Results are obtained rapidly and accurately (1)
(ii)  A glucose biosensor determines the concentration of glucose in the blood. (1)
 A drop of blood i placed on a reagent strip which contains immobilised (1)
glucose oxidase.
glucose
(1)
 Glucose + oxygen ------→ Gluconic acid+ Hydrogen peroxide
oxidase
 Hydrogen ions from the acids attract electrons which then produce a micro- (1)
electric signal.
 Size of signal is proportional to the amount of glucose in the blood. (1)
 The signal is amplified to produce an easily read digital display. (1)

20 (a)  ATP is synthesised in the following processes:

1. Substrate-level phosphorylation
 Occurs in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (1)
 Highly energised molecules transfer phosphate groups to ADP to form ATP (1)
 In glycolysis, glycerate-1, 3 bisphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate transfer their (1)
phosphate groups to ADP
 In the Krebs cycle, the energy released when succinyl CoA is converted to (1)
succinate is used to phosphorylate GDP to GTP. GTP then transfers its phosphate
group to ADP.
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
 Oxidative phosphorylation occurs when H atoms and electrons are passed down a (1)
chain of carriers in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
 As the electrons flow down the chain, energy is released which is used to pump (1)
H+ ions into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.
 The H+ ions flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase molecules embedded (1)
in the inner membrane.
 The flow of H+ ions activates ATP synthase and ATP is formed. (1)
3. Photophosphorylation
 Photophosphorylation occurs in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
(1)
 Excited electrons from PS II pass down an electron transport chain, releasing
(1)
energy which is used to pump H+ into the thylakoid space.
 A proton gradient is established and H+ ions diffuse back into the stroma through (1)
ATP synthase molecules in the thylakoid membrane.
 ATP is synthesised by chemiosmosis. (1)
Max: 9

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 1 STPM 2018
(b) (1)

 The highly folded inner membrane /cristae provides a large surface area for (1)
components of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
 The inner membrane is not permeable to H+ ions enabling a proton gradient to be (1)
established for chemiosmosis to occur.
 The matrix contains enzymes of the link reaction, Krebs cycle reactions and fatty (1)
acid metabolism.
 The matrix contains circular DNA and 70 S ribosomes.
(1)
 Mitochondrial genes can be transcribed and translated to form proteins needed for (1)
aerobic respiration.

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