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ANSI
pump is right
for your
application?
vs
I
API? By Ross C. Mackay,
Contributing Editor
Volute Cases
Both pump styles have a radial split casing, and
most ANSI pumps and some API pumps employ a
single volute design of the interior passages. This is
particularly evident in the smaller sizes that involve
low-flow rates and lower specific speeds of the
impeller. As shown in Figure 1, the area of the volute
increases at a rate that is proportional to the rate of
discharge from the impeller, thus producing a con-
stant velocity at the periphery of the impeller. This
velocity energy is then changed into a pressure ener-
gy by the time the fluid enters the discharge nozzle.
Back Cover
Arrangements
One of the major differences
between the ANSI and API pump cas-
ings is in the manner in which the back
cover is secured to the casing.
In the ANSI design shown in
Figure 3, the back cover and gasket
are held against the pump casing by
the bearing frame adaptor, which is
most frequently supplied in cast iron.
This usually results in a gap between
the mating faces of the frame adaptor
and the pump casing that has the
Figure 3. Typical ANSI pump potential to permit uneven torquing
of the bolts. In the event of a higher-
The drawback of this design is, for most of than-normal pressurization of the casing by the
these pumps, that the NPSH required is often con- process system, this may cause a fracture of the
siderably greater than it would be in the end suction adaptor
arrangement. More NPSH is needed in order to The API design in Figure 4 bolts the back cover
accommodate the friction losses in the tortuous directly to the casing and uses a confined controlled
Circle 392 on Reader Service Card
Mounting Feet
Another difference be-
tween the two pump styles is
the configuration of the
mounting feet.
All ANSI pump casings
are mounted on feet project- Figure 4. Typical API pump
ing from the underside of
the casing and bolted to the
baseplate. If these pumps are
used on high-temperature applications, the casing On the other hand, API pumps are mounted at
will expand upwards from the mounting feet and the horizontal centerline of the casing on feet pro-
cause severe thermal stresses in the casing that will jecting from each side of the casing and bolted to
detrimentally affect the reliability of the pump. pedestals that form part of the baseplate. This
Operation at lower temperatures will not be affect- arrangement provides the API pump with the
ed by this feature. advantage of being able to operate with pumpage at
Repair Considerations
It is important to remember,
before any repair procedures are
performed on any pump compo-
nent, that the material of construc-
tion must be accurately identified
by means of the appropriate tests.
Prior to any repairs being conduct-
ed on a pump casing, it is also
Circle 210 on Reader Service Card