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Degree of M.Sc.
Communications Engineering and Networks,
RF and Microwave Engineering
also with Industrial Studies
04 24098
Principles of Communication Systems
Paper 2
The marks allocated to each part of each question are shown in square brackets in
the right-hand margin.
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(c) Derive the equation for the second of the two velocities given in part b), by
considering two sinusoidal waves on the same transmission line. (You
may use the trigonometric identity given at the end of the question.) [3]
(e) In the wide microstrip approximation, the inductance per unit length and
capacitance per unit length are given by:
h w
L and C respectively.
w h
where r 0 is the permeability, r 0 is the permittivity, w is the line
width and h = 0.508 mm is the substrate height. Assume that the line is
lossless, and that r 1 and r 2.2 . Calculate the following:
(i) The widths, in mm, of for microstrip lines with characteristic
impedances of 20 Ω and 50 Ω respectively. [2]
(ii) The length, in mm, of a quarter wavelength microstrip line at 10 GHz. [1]
(f) When the simplifying assumptions in part (e) are removed, how would you
expect each of your answers to change? Explain your answers. [2]
2. (a) With the aid of matrix equations, explain how an S parameter matrix
and an ABCD matrix can be used in different ways to describe the
linear relationships between voltages and/or currents in a two-port
network. In your explanation, describe what measurements would be
necessary to determine the values of the elements. [5]
(c) Using basic linear circuit analysis, derive the ABCD matrices for the
following circuit elements or simple networks viewed as 2-port
networks. In each case assume that the two ports share a common
ground:
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3. (a) A third order Butterworth low pass filter has a 3 dB cut-off frequency of
3 GHz. Sketch a graph of S21 and S11 in dB versus frequency. Assume
that the filter elements are all lossless. [4]
(b) The ‘g’ values for a Butterworth filter can be calculated using the
following expressions:
g 0 g n 1 1
(2 k 1)
g k 2 sin
2n
Explain what these g values represent. What is n, and how does its
value affect the filter response? [2]
(c) Using the equations given in part (b), design a 3 element filter to meet
the specification given in part (a), using an inductor as the first element,
with source and load impedances of 50 Ω. Draw a circuit diagram of
your filter, clearly indicating the element values. [4]
(ii) Hence design a new version of your low pass filter from part (c),
using short sections of line with characteristic impedances 20Ω
and 100Ω. Draw a diagram indicating the impedances and
electrical lengths (in radians or degrees) of the line sections. [4]
4 END OF PAPER