Comia, Mat Eugine Paul C.

MEMSHOP K22
BSME

a. Give at least 10 Machine Shop Safety Practices.

Machine Shop Safety Practices

1. Never Use a Machine If You Are NOT Trained – Always Get Training Before Operating
Any Machinery.

You must attend general safety training and specific training on the machine you intend to
use. If you are unfamiliar with a particular tool or instrument, do not use it until you are
properly trained on its usage. '

2. Never Wear Open Toe Shoes -Use Closed-Toe Shoes in the Shop.

Tools, chips and fixtures are sharp, and often hot. Shoes will help protect your feet from injury.
Leather shoes are preferred when welding.

3. Never Work Without Proper Eye Protection -Always Wear Appropriate Safety Glasses
or Goggles When Working or Cleaning Tools.

Prescription glasses with plastic lenses must meet ANSI Standard Z87.1 for safety.

4. Never Work With Loose Hair, Jewelry, etc. –Always Remove or Secure Anything That
Might Get Caught in Moving Machinery.

Long hair, necklaces, ties, dangling ID badge, jewelry, loose clothes, watch or Rings, may
get caught in tools can drag you along resulting in serious injury or death.

5. Never Create a Dusty and Smoky Environment - Dust, Chemicals and Smoke Can Be
Dangerous to Your Health, so Work in Well-Ventilated Areas, Minimize
Contamination and Use Appropriate Protective Equipment (PPE).

Ensure the shop is well ventilated and appropriate PPE is used when working with machines.

6. Never Leave Your Work Area in Mess – Always Clean Up After Yourself.

Before you leave your work site all tools must be returned to the toolbox, the machine cleaned
and wiped down and the floor swept. Leave 10-15 minutes for cleanup at the end of your
shift.

7. Never Remove Safety Guards – They are Present For Reason.

You must ensure that safety guards are in place on moving parts before you start working.

8. Never Leave Broken or Damaged Tools or Abnormal Equipment Unreported –

Always Inform Your Supervisor to Remove That from Service and Get It Repaired.
 Broken parts or equipment can result in serious injuries and delays. Make sure you tag the
broken or damaged equipment and inform your supervisor or shop manager to get it repaired
before next use.

9. Never Make any Adjustments to a Machine When it is in Operation. Before Making

Adjustments Always Talk to Your Supervisor For Permission.

Make sure you are competent and have permission from your supervisor. Ensure power is
off, equipment is properly locked out and safety devices are in place.

10. Never Be Shy To Seek Help –Always Ask

If You’re Unsure About The Safe Operation of a Tool or Any Aspect of a Job – Have Shop
Staff Check The Tool or Work With Which You Are Unfamiliar.
Exercise common sense and clarify before starting work

b. Name a machine/tool or equipment used in machine shop and discuss how it work?

Drill Press Machine:

A drill press (also known as a pedestal drill, pillar drill, or bench drill) is a fixed style of drill
that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor or workbench. Portable models with a
magnetic base grip the steel workpieces they drill. A drill press consists of a base, column (or
pillar), table, spindle (or quill), and drill head, usually driven by an induction motor. The head has
a set of handles (usually 3) radiating from a central hub that, when turned, move the spindle and
chuck vertically, parallel to the axis of the column. The drill press is typically measured in terms
of swing. Swing is defined as twice the throat distance, which is the distance from the center of
the spindle to the closest edge of the pillar. For example, a 16-inch (410 mm) drill press has an
8-inch (200 mm) throat distance.
For most drill presses—especially those meant for woodworking or home use—speed
change is achieved by manually moving a belt across a stepped pulley arrangement. Some drill
presses add a third stepped pulley to increase the number of available speeds. Modern drill
presses can, however, use a variable-speed motor in conjunction with the stepped-pulley
system. Medium-duty drill presses such as those used in machine shop (tool room) applications
are equipped with a continuously variable transmission. This mechanism is based on variable-
diameter pulleys driving a wide, heavy-duty belt. This gives a wide speed range as well as the
ability to change speed while the machine is running. Heavy-duty drill presses used for
metalworking are usually of the gear-head type described below.
Drill presses are often used for miscellaneous workshop tasks other than drilling holes.
This includes sanding, honing, and polishing. These tasks can be performed by mounting
sanding drums, honing wheels and various other rotating accessories in the chuck. This can be
unsafe in some cases, as the chuck arbor, which may be retained in the spindle solely by the
friction of a taper fit, may dislodge during operation if the side loads are too high.

c. Name and discuss the parts of lathe machine.

Different parts of Lathe

 1. Headstock: Headstock supports the central spindle in the bearings and aligns it correctly.
It also houses necessary transmission mechanism for different speeds. It supports the main
spindle in the bearings and aligns it properly. It has a mechanism for getting different
speeds. Accessories mounted to headstock spindle are 3/4 jaw chuck, lathe center, and
lathe dog, collect chuck, face plate, and magnetic chuck.
2. Split nut: When closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by direct drive
without using a clutch.
3. Carriage: Carriage moves on the outer ways. Used for mounting and moving most of the
cutting tools.
4. Compound rest: Mounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post.
5. Tailstock: Fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position the
headstock to fit the length of the workpiece. An optional taper turning attachment would be
mounted to it.
6. Bed: The bed of a lathe is a heavy iron casting. It must be strong enough to support large
workpieces and rigid enough not to distort under the stress of machining. Iron is the most
widely used material for beds because it dampens vibration, thereby reducing chatter.
7. Back Gears: The back gears link the spindle to the input shaft of the quick-change gearbox.
It is often necessary to remove one set of gears and replace it with another in order to
achieve a particular feed rate or pitch listed on the quick-change gearbox.

d. Name and discuss parts of milling machine.

Different Parts of Milling Machine
1. Column. The column, including the base, is the main casting which supports all other parts of
the machine. An oil reservoir and a pump in the column keeps the spindle lubricated. The column
rests on a base that contains a coolant reservoir and a pump that can be used when performing
any machining operation that requires a coolant.
2. Knee. The knee is the casting that supports the table and the saddle. The feed change gearing
is enclosed within the knee. It is supported and can be adjusted by the elevating screw. The knee
is fastened to the column by dovetail ways. The lever can be raised or lowered either by hand or
power feed. The hand feed is usually used to take the depth of cut or to position the work, and
the power feed to move the work during the machining operation.
3. Saddle and Swivel Table. The saddle slides on a horizontal dovetail, parallel to the axis of the
spindle, on the knee. The swivel table (on universal machines only) is attached to the saddle and
can be swiveled approximately 45° in either direction.
4. Power Feed Mechanism. The power feed mechanism is contained in the knee and controls the
longitudinal, transverse (in and out) and vertical feeds. The desired rate of feed can be obtained
on the machine by positioning the feed selection levers as indicated on the feed selection plates.
On some universal knee and column milling machines the feed is obtained by turning the speed
selection handle until the desired rate of feed is indicated on the feed dial. Most milling machines
have a rapid traverse lever that can be engaged when a temporary increase in speed of the
longitudinal, transverse, or vertical feeds is required.
5. Table. The table is the rectangular casting located on top of the saddle. It contains several T-
slots for fastening the work or workholding devices. The table can be moved by hand or by power.
To move the table by hand, engage and turn the longitudinal hand crank. To move it by power,
engage the longitudinal directional feed control lever. The longitudinal directional control lever
can be positioned to the left, to the right, or in the center. Place the end of the directional feed
control lever to the left to feed the table to the left. Place it to the right to feed the table to the
right. Place it in the center position to disengage the power feed, or to feed the table by hand.
6. Spindle. The spindle holds and drives the various cutting tools. It is a shaft, mounted on bearings
supported by the column. The spindle is driven by an electric motor through a train of gears, all
mounted within the column. The front end of the spindle, which is near the table, has an internal
taper machined on it. The internal taper (3 1/2 inches per foot) permits mounting tapered-shank
cutter holders and cutter arbors. Two keys, located on the face of the spindle, provide a positive
drive for the cutter holder, or arbor.
7. Overarm. The overarm is the horizontal beam to which the arbor support is fastened. The
overarm, may be a single casting that slides in the dovetail ways on the top of the column. It may
consist of one or two cylindrical bars that slide through the holes in the column. On some
machines to position the overarm, first unclamp the locknuts and then extend the overarm by
turning a crank. On others, the overarm is moved by merely pushing on it.