‫‪    ‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﳉُﺪﹶﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﺘ‪‬ﻬﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﻌﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺷُﺮﻭ ﹺﺭ ﺃﻧ ﹸﻔﺴِﻨﺎ ﻭﺳﻴ‪‬ﺌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴﻨُﻪُ ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺴﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻔﺮُﻩُ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﺪُﻩُ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤ ُﺪ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺪُ ﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﻱ ﻟﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺪُ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻩُ ﻻ ﺷ‪‬ﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀ‪‬ﻠ ﹾﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀﻞﱠ ﻟﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ُﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﹶﻼ ﻣُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣُﺤﻤ‪‬ﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ُﻩ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﹸﻟﻪُ‪ ،‬ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪. .‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ُﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﻧﺰﺍﻉﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺣ‪‬ﻘﻴﻘ ﹲﺔ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻭﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻖ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻇﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﻑﺍﹶ‬ ‫ﲰ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﹶﻠﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻨﹺﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳُﻨ ُﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎﺭ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺤﺪ‪ ‬ﹸ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌُﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻌﹰﺎ ﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﲏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻧﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺ‬
‫ﺸﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠﻘﹶﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﹺﺟﻊُ ﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻏﹶﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺭﺳﻠﹶﻪ ﻭﺃﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺳُﺒﺤﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻢُ ‪ ‬ﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳ ‪‬ﻜ ﹾﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻋُﻘﻮﻟ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔﺴِﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﹸﺼﻮ ﹺﺭ ﻋُﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﻧُﻔﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀَﺕ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻆ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﻮ ﹺ‬‫ﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻬﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﻌُﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﻣ‪‬ﺴﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﹸﺘﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻟﻴﺘﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺘ‪‬ﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﹰ‬‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻌ ُﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﻜﻤﹰﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺎﻟﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﹸﺮﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳُﺨ‪‬ﺘﱪُ ﺑﻪ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﺳُﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻞﱠ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻋ‪‬ﺘﺼ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ‪‬ﲝ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[١٠٣ :‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪} :‬ﻭﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻕ ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺘ‪‬ﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ{ ]ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﺒُ ﹶﻞ ﻓﺘﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﺻ‪‬ﺮﺍﻃ‪‬ﻲ ﻣُﺴﺘ‪‬ﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗﺒﹺﻌﻮﻩُ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﺒﹺﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮ ُﺩ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻚ ﳛﻘﱢ ُﻖ ﻟﻠﺴ‪‬ﺎﺋﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ،[١٥٣‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻯ ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﻮﻛُﺘ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳُﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ﺩﻳُﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻨﺎﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭﻓﹾﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻴﻞﹺ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﷲ ﲟﻘﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ ُﺳُﺒ ﹲﻞ ﻻ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﳜ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴ ﹺﺢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﻋﺒ ُﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳ ﹴﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻂﱠ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﻄ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﷲ(( ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺧُﻄﻮﻃﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ُﺳُﺒ ﹲﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﻄﺎ ﹲﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ(( ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﱠ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
 ‫ﻕ ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻠ ‪‬ﻪ{)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺴﺒُ ﹶﻞ ﻓﺘﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﹶﺃ‪} :‬ﻭﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻ‪‬ﺮﺍﻃﻲ ﻣُﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌﻮ ُﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘ‪‬ﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻚ ﲝﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎﺑُﻪُ ﻭﺩﻳُﻨ ُﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ُﺩ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ‪‬ﻋﺼ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴ‪ُ ‬‬
‫ﻀ ُﻪ ﺭﺑ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﺴُ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳ ﹾﻘﹺﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﳏﻤ‪‬ﺪﹰﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠ ﹲﺔ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﳐﺘﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ﹴﻢ ُﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﳋﺎﺭ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻀﺎ َﺀ ﻧﻘﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﲪﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇ ﱠﻻ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺭﳛُﻬﺎ ﻭﲤﻜﱠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻭ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﳓ ُﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﹲﻥ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺸﻠﹶﺖ ﻭﺫﻫ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬‫ﻓﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻣﻮﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱴ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ُﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.‬‬‫ﺗﻮﺍﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺸ ﱠﻘﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺗﺰﻳ ُﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺡ ‪‬ﳒﺪُ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻈ ‪‬ﻬﺮُ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻳُ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭﻙُ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎﺩﻗﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻐﻴ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺍﻹﺻ‪‬ﻼ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﺐ‪ُ ‬ﺑﻐ‪‬ﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ُﺧﻮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺲﺍﹸ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﲨﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﻌ ‪‬ﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺶﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳُﺤﻘﱢ ُﻖ ﻟﻠﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﻧ‪‬ﻴ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺮﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧُ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻮ‪‬ﺩﻧﺎ ُﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻄﺎ ِﺀ ﺩﻫ‪‬ﺮﹰﺍ ﻃﹶﻮﻳ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹸ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺌﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺲ ﻏﺎ‪‬ﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺢ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻅ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ﹴ‬
‫ﻉ ﻹﻳﻘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗُﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺒﹸﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺓ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﻠﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﳚ ُ‬
‫ﺻﻨ‪‬ﻌﺎﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺤﺴِﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﳛﺴ‪‬ﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬُﻢ ﻳُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺘﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﻉ ﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺃﲰﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺪﻳ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻗﹸﺼﻮ ﹴﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻬﺎﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﻭﻋﺼﺒ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﳚ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬‫ﺲﺑ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺪ ُﺧ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳُﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹸﳍ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺗ‪‬ﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭ ﹸﻛﻔﱡﻮﺍ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﲢﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﻗﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﺃﹶﻗﻴﻤُﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗﺘ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺟﻮﻫ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ{ ]ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،[١٣ :‬ﻭﺍﺣ ﹶﺬﺭُﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﱠﻔﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻧُﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُ ﹾﻠﺤ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣُﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻹﳊﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳُ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻞﹸ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﻪُ ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﺬﻳ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﹶﺖ‪ ،[٤٠ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﳊﺎ ُﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﳌ‪‬ﻴﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﻔﱠﺎ ُﺭ ُﻳ ﹾﻠﺤ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ{ ]ﹸﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﱢﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻹﳊﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﺪﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻤﻴ ُﻊ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻳُﺮﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻂ ﻟﻠﻀ‪‬ﻮ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪﺕُ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﻴ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﹸ ﹾﻇ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﹺﺟ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﺣﺘ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃ‪‬ﻳ ُ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻫﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪ‪‬ﻠﻮ ُﻩ ﻓﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺻﺮ‪‬ﻓ ُﻪ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺤﲕ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ{‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ }ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻴ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ))ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٤٣٧ ،٤١٤٢ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺭﻣ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٠٦ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴﲑ((‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺻ ﹺﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋ ﹴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٩٤ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹸﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ))ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹴﻖ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ُ‬
‫ﺖ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭُﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﱪﻳ‪‬ﺔ(( )ﺹ‪.(٢٢ :‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺭ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫ﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺣُﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺣُ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺳُﺒﺤﺎ‪‬ﻧﻪُ‪} :‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺷ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻓ ُﺮﺩ‪‬ﻭ ُﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺇﹺﻥ ﹸﻛﻨُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗُﺆﻣ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ‬
‫ﻼ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٥٩ :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺣُﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣُﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻦُ ﺗﺄﹾﻭﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﲬﺴﹰﺎ ﻭﺣُﺮﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳُ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭﻛﹸﻪُ ﺍﳋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻟﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹾﳜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺ‬‫ﻚ ‪‬ﲝ ‪‬‬‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈﺮﹺ؛ ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻓ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻧ ﹶﻈﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ } :‬ﻭﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺟﺎ َﺀﻫُﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻜﱢﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﹶﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺳﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺫﺍﻋﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻭ ُﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﱄ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﻤ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺘﻨﺒﹺﻄﻮﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٨٣ :‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﹶﻠﻢُ‬
‫ﺡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺎﹺﻧﺐُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﲝﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩ‪‬ﺭﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺄﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤُﻮ ﹶﻥ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺤﻞ‪.[٤٣ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻠ ‪‬ﺰﻡُ ﻋﻤﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﳝﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱟ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻤﻮﻩُ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﹶﻤﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﲟﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻤﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺐ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﱄ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﹾﺒﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﺖُ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﻲ ﳎﻠ‪‬ﺴﹰﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺛﹶﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺮﹺﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺟُﻠﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺸﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﺻﻮﺍُﺗ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﹶﻠﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺠ‪‬ﺮﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﺁﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﺘﻤﺎﺭ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻮ ُﻡ! ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺃﻫ‪‬ﻠﻜﹶﺖ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣﻢُ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻬ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣُﻐﻀ‪‬ﺒﹰﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﲪ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺟ ُﻬ ُﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻣﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻀ ُﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺑﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺾﹴ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﺰ ﹾﻝ ﻳُﻜﺬﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺑﹺﻬﻢ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜُﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻓ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﺒﻴﺎﺋﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ُﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻤ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﻬﹺﻠُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ‪‬ﻭ ُﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﳌ ‪‬ﻪ(()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻳُﺼﺪ‪ُ ‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺤﻜﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ُﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪} :‬ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻞﱠ ‪‬ﺣﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺃﹸ ‪‬ﺧﺮُ ﻣُﺘﺸﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻗﹸﻠﻮﹺﺑ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﻎ ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺘﺒﹺﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺸﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﺘ‪‬ﻐﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺘﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻐﺎ َﺀ ﺗﺄﻭﻳ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻢُ ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻠﹶﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺳﺨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳ ﱠﺬ ﱠﻛ ُﺮ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎﺏ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[٨-٧ :‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺭﺣ‪‬ﻤﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟﹶﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﻍ ﻗﻠﻮﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ُﺗ ﹺﺰ ﹾ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ‬‫ﲔ ﺑﻮﺍﻗ ﹴﻊ ﻋﻤﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ُﺮ ُﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳُﻜﻠﱠﻔﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻛﺜﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﻠﱡ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ُﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﳊﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻏﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺣ ُﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻳﻨﺠﻮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﹺﻼ ‪‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺋﻠﹸﻨﺎ‪) :‬ﳓ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺣﺎﻟﹸﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ))ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٧٠٢ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎ ﹺﺯﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﺷ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺎﳊﹸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﹸﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ُﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﺃﲪ ُﺪ ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﳝﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻹﻧ‪‬ﺴﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻲ ِﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮﺩُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎﺏُ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺼ ُﺮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪) :‬ﻗﺪ ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻠ‪‬ﺒﺚﹸ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﻮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧُﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﲤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚﺑ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﲤ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ﹸﺔ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮُ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﺋﺮُﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳍﹶﻮﻯ ﻻ ﺗُ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻭﻏﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻤﺎﺫ ﹺ‬‫ﻚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺛﹸ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫ﻕ ُﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺨﹺﺒﺮُ ﻋﻦ ﻓﹸﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻳُ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺑﺘﻔﺴﲑﹺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺢ‬ ‫ﳉﻬ‪‬ﺎﻝﹺ؛ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ُﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻟﺪﻋ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳُﻤﻮ‪‬ﻫﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺷ‪‬ﻌﺎﺭﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻳﺴﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴُﺒ ُﻪ ﺍﳌﺒ ‪‬ﻄﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳُﻨﻔﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺘﻤﻴﻴ ﹺﺰ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ ﻻﺯﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺴُﺒُﻪُ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﱠﺍﺑﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺞ ﺍﳌﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺘ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻟﺼﺎﻗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴﺐُ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻳﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺪُ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻨﻔﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻳُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳚ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻫ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ُ‬
‫ﺧ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻨُﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗُ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻥ ُﺗ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺐُ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻳُﻜﺬﱠ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﻟﺌ ﱠ‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻧﹺﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻖ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﳏﻜﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻻ ﻳُ ﹾﻔﺘ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﺸﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺒﻘﻰ ﺗﻌﻈﻴ ُﻢ ﺷﻌﺎﺋ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻣُﺴﺘﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﻧﻔﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻟﹸ ُﻪ؟)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺤﺒ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻜﺬﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺮﹺﻓﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﺃُﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻗﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺒﹸﻠ ُﻐ ُﻪ ﻋُﻘﻮﹸﻟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﲟﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ‪‬ﺘﻨ ﹰﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬‫ﺱ ﻟﺘﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﻜﹶﻤﹰﺎ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎ ُﺭ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻤ‪‬ﻂ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺿ ﹲﻞ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﺎ ﹲﱂ ﻓﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﺍﺑﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻏ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﻟﻜﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹺﻖ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉﻬ‪‬ﺎﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﳓ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻏﲑُﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻠﹾﻜﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓ‪‬ﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﻫﻮﺍ ِﺀ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﺸ‪‬ﻔﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻌُﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋ ﹺﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒُﺮﻫﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺻ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‬
‫‬

‫ﻱ ﰲ ))ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٢٧ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻔﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ))ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺘ ‪‬ﻪ(( )ﺹ‪ (١١ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻋُﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋُﺘﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻗﺎﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﺎﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋُ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫‪   ‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﻫُ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺘﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹺﺇ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺛﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬ ‫))‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮ ُﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻣُﻌﺎ ﹺﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳُﻔﹾﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣﱠﻠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻕُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﹶﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍ ﹾﻓ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺩﻳﹺﻨ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫))ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﱠﻠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳉﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻧ‪‬ﻘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﹺﺴﺒ ﹶﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺺ ﺃﻥ ﻳﹾﺜﺒُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺮﻳ ﹺﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻃﹸ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﻪُ ﻭﺃﻟﹾﻔﺎ ﹶﻇﻪُ ﰲ ﺟُﺰ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺹ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﹸﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞﱟ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ُﺮ ﻫﻬُﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻭﻣُﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ )ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻴﻬﻤﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﱂ ﳜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺷﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﻋُﺪﻭﹶﻟﻬُﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻌﻠﱠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺚ ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﺘﻀ‪‬ﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗُ ﹾﺬ ﹶﻛﺮُ ﺇﹺﺷﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻘ ﹶﻄ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻍ ﻟﻠﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﹸﻨﺎﹶﻗ ‪‬‬‫ﺼﺤ‪‬ﺔ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﻴﻖﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﳚ ‪‬ﻌﻞﹸ ﺍﳌﺴﺎ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺒﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻌُﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤﲔ((‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻟﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤﲔ((‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠﺔﹸ ﻟ‪‬ﻴﺴ‪‬ﺖ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱂ ﻳ ﹾﻜﺘُ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﹸﻗ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗﻊُ ﻻ ﹺﺑﻤُﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺣُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻏ ﹺﲑﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ُﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲢﻘﱡ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚﱂ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺟﺪُ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻠ‪‬ﻤﹰﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻭ ُﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﻠﹾﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘﺰﹺﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺨﺮ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻫُﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪،(٧‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﹶﰊ ﻫُ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳُﻔﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨُﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻘﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣ ‪‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٤٢ :‬ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻣﺎﺟ ﹶﺔ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٣٩٩١ :‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲪﺪُ )‪ (٣٣٢/٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٥٩٦ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬‫‪ (٦١١٧ ،٥٩٧٨ ،٥٩١٠‬ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٧٣١ ،٦٢٤٧ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٤٢ ،٤٤١ ،١٠ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣُﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﺤ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬‫ﺤﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ(( ﻭﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛﻢُ‪)) :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻦُ ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ))ﺍﻻﻋﺘ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﹺﻡ(( )‪ ،(٦٩٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﻴ ُﻖ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲪﺪُ )‪ (١٠٢/٤‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٥٩٧ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺭﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﻣﺴﻨ‪‬ﺪﻩ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٤٢٣ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺳُﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﹾﻮﺍ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻦ ‪‬‬
‫))ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺭﻳﺦ(( )‪ (٣٣١/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﱪﺍﱐﱡ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ(( )‪ (٣٧٧-٣٧٦/١٩‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷﺧ ‪‬ﲑ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗﻔﹶﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﲨﻠ ‪‬ﺔ‪ )) :‬ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭُﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﱀ ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨ ﹶﻜﺮُ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﻌُﻢ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺻﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﹸﻠ ُﺢ ﻟﻠﺸ‪‬ﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻒ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ُﻩ ﺑﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻀ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻔﻈﺔ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻔﻈ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻌُﻢ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗُﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﹸﻛﻠﱡ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ(()‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓ ﹶﻘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﱠﺍﺑ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ‬ ‫ﻚ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬‫ﺤﺘُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟ ُﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹲﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﻠﹶﻔﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹺﺟﺢُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈﻤُﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﻴﺴُﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺃﹺﻳ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹴﻊ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)) ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻕُ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻰ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﱡﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳊﹶﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ(()‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﳊﻼﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭُﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹶ‬

‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﻲ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹶﳍ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯﱐﱢ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻣُﻌﺎ ﹺﻭ‪‬ﻳﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﹶﺮﺍ ﹺﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﹸﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺲ ﻟ ُﻪ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ﹲﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺸُﺘ ُﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣ ﱠﻘ ﹾﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﺬﺍ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻦُ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺖُ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺟُ ﹶﻞ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ(( ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ))ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﺟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻻ ﲣﹾﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﳊ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﺴ ُﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ُﻡ ﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﹸﻃ ُﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻟﻐ ﹺﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﺼ‪‬ﻠُﺘ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﳌﹸﺸﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺔ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﺘ‪‬ﺒﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹴ‬
‫ﳊﺒُﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺰﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٤٣ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ))ﺍﳉﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻊ(( ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﻐﺮﺍُﺑ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻱ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺛﹶﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﲢﺴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺛﹸﺒﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﳌﹸﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣ ﱠﻘ ﹾﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﹸﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻌُ ﹴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺿﻌ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ُﻪ ﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛﻢُ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺎ‪‬ﻓﻆﹸ ﺍﻟﻌُﻘﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺳُﻔﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﲕ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﻲ((‪،‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻞﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﲕ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻟ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ )‪)) :(٢٦٢/٢‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺳُﻔﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‪)) :‬ﻻ ﻳُﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑﻊُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﻪ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﺪﺍﻟُﺘ ُﻪ ﻓﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺜُﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺭ ُﺟ ﹲﻞ ﳎﻬﻮﻝﹲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺫﹸ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﻟ ُﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﹸﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜﺮُ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﺮُ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹾﻔﻈﹸﻪُ ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑﺈﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺭُ ﱢﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ(( ﻗﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛﻠﱡ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫))‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻕُ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹺﺇﺣ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫))ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭ ُﻫ ُﻢ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﺭﻳ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﻏ ُﲑﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﹸﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰ‪‬ﺍ ُﺭ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٧٥٥ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﱪﺍﱐﱡ )‪ (٥١-٥٠/١٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛ ُﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٨٣٢٥ ،٦٣٢٥ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻧُ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻢ ﺑ ﹺﻦ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﺚ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺚ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻃﹸﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺴِﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﺑﻌ ﹲﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺿ‪‬ﻌﻔﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮ ُﻡ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻪُ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹸﻄﺮﹸﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺤﻴ ﹺﺢ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬‫ﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛ ُﻢ ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱠﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﻮﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛﻢُ‬‫ﺲ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻋﻴﺪُ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ُﲑ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫُﺮﻳﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺢ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺴ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺰﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ))ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ(()‪)) :(١٣‬ﻻ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﱐ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ))ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺻﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺻﻢ(()‪)) :(١٤‬ﻭﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭﺍﻻﻏﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺑـ) ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﻟﻜ ﹲﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹲﺓ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻏ ُﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳُﺆ ‪‬ﻣﻦُ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﺳﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ ﹴﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻏ ُﲑ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ ‪‬ﺔ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳ ﹶﺔ)‪)) :(١٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻧﺎﺻﱯ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ(( ﱠﰒ ﺃﺷﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹶﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ﱂ ﳜ ‪‬ﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﺨﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ) :‬ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫُﺮﻳﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﳏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﹶﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ(( ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﱢﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬
‫ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ( ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ ﹴﻡ‪ :‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮﻛﺎﱐﱡ ﰲ ))ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ(()‪)) :(١٦‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺿﻌ‪‬ﻔﻬﺎ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺪ‪‬ﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ ﹴﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺒﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳُﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻆﹸ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻃﱢﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎ ﹲﻝ ﺑﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻘﹸﻂﹸ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻃ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻤﺰﹴ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‪‬؛ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﺰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﻄ ‪‬ﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﻑ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺚ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻧﻜﹶﺮﻭﻩُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧُ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﻢ ﹶﻇﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﻴ ُﻖ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ُﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻤﹰﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﺗﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻪُ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﲪﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻴﺴﻰ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻳﻮُﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺮﻳ ﹺﺰ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋُﺜﻤﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪ ﹺﻦ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺟُﺒ ﹺﲑ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻧُﻔﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ))ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﺍﻷﺋﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ))ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺗﺮﺍ ُﻩ ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻃﹰﺎ ﻣُﺤﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﹸﺘُ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﲨﻴ ُﻊ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٩٢/٣) (١٣‬‬
‫)‪.(١٨٦/١) (١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺻﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺻﻢ )‪.(١٧٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ )‪.(٥٩/٢‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﱄ ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﺍﺳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﹸﻔﺼ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺟُﻤﻠ ﹲﺔ ﺻﺎﳊﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ُﺪ ﻗﺒﻮﹶﻟﻪُ ﻟﺬﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺤﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬‫ﺸﺪ‪ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻀُﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺮ‪‬ﻗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚﻳُ‬
‫ﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣُﻌﺎﻭﻳ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﺎ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻃﹸﺮُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏ ُﲑ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫ﺻﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺛﺎﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻣ‪‬ﺘﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳ ﹺﺮ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻓﹶﻘﻪ ﻷ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭﹶﻓﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﹺﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺟُ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻀﺎﺋ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎ‪‬ﻗ ﹺ‬
‫ﻓﻬ ‪‬ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺛﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺬﺍﺑُﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ‪‬ﺘﻦُ ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻻﺯ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ(()‪.(١٨‬‬
‫ﻋﺬﺍ ‪‬‬

‫ﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﹸﻘﺒﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ(( )‪ (٢٤٩/٥‬ﻭﺗﻠﻤﻴ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﰲ ))ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ(( )‪ (٨٧/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﺦ ﺻﺎ ﹸ‬ ‫)‪ (١٧‬ﻛﺎﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ))ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻣﺦ(( )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٦٩ :‬ﻭﻏﲑﹺﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﲪﺪُ )‪ (٤١٨ ،٤١٠/٤‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٢٧٨ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺣُﻤﻴ ‪‬ﺪ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٥٣٦ :‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺰ‪‬ﺍ ُﺭ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٨‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٣٠٩٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛﻢُ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٨٣٧٢ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﺐ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٩٧٩٩ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹸﻀﺎﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﺎﺏ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٩٦٩ :‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ُﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷ‪‬ﻌﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﺮ ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺷﻢُ ﺑ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻛﹶﺜ ُﲑ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻫ‪‬ﺸﺎﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣُﻌﺎ ﹸﺫ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻣُﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺫ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﱪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳ ُﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪُﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪﻦ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺛﻘ ﹲﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﻂﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﹸﺜ ُﻪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺛ‪‬ﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺼﲑﹰﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﺰﻳ ُﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﻌ‪‬ﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ﰲ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣُﻌﺎﺫﹰﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻩُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﲰﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻬُﻤﺎ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﱂ ﻳﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﲰﺎﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﳊﻔﱠﺎ ﹸ‬‫ﺺﺍﹸ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻧﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻬﺮُ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻐﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﺴﻤﺎ ُﻋ ُﻪ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪.‬‬‫ﺡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺎﺑ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ﻣُﻌﺎﺫﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺻﺤﻴ ُﺢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹴ‬‫ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑُ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﻪُ‪:‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺘﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺖُ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﺑُ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻳُﺤﺪ‪‬ﺛﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ )ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ(‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﳓﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰ‪‬ﺍﺭ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ - (٣٠٩٠ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻀﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻲ‪) ‬ﺭﻗﻢ‪ - (٩٦٨ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮُﻭ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻛﻴﻊُ ﺑ ُﻦ‬
‫ﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳉﺮ‪‬ﺍﺡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﺷُﻌ‪‬ﺒﺔﹸ ﻭﻭ‪‬ﻛﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻭﻛﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‪)) :‬ﺛﻘﺔ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﹸﻠ ُ‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺑ ُﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﻴﺲﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ُﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٧٢٧٧ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫ‪‬ﺸﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑ ُﻦ ﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(١٩‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻘﻄﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺼﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻀﻞﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹺ‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹺﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎ ِﺀ ﰲ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻷﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻳُﺮﺟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٢٠‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﲡﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻄ‪‬ﺄ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ)‪.(٢١‬‬

‫ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﹸﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬

‫ﺚ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﺲﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺱ ﺗﺄﻣُﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ } :‬ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﹸ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹸ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٩‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺩﻝﱠ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﹸ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻄﹰﺎ ﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺷُﻬ‪‬ﺪﺍ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﹸ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺗُﺆﻣ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ{ ﺍﻵﻳ ﹶﺔ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[١١٠ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭﻛﹶﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ{ ﺍﻵﻳ ﹶﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[١٤٣ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‪:‬‬‫ﺼﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖﺍﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻓﻨُﺼﻮﺻُﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺪ ُﺧ ﹸﻞ ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣﹶﺜﻠﹸﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﹶﺜﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬﻮ ُﺩ ﺇﱃ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ؟ ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﻗﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺟُ ﹴﻞ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ُﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﱄ ﺇﱃ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ؟ ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﻗﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﻗﲑﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﱄ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﲑﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﲑﺍ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻗﲑﺍ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ؟ ﺃﹶﻻ ﻓﺄ‪‬ﻧﺘُﻢ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻐ ﹺﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻁ ﻗﲑﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﱄ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬﻮ ُﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ؛‬ ‫ﻀ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﲑﺍ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻗﲑﺍ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻻ ﻟ ﹸﻜ ُﻢ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺟ ُﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻐ ﹺﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗﻞﱡ ﻋ‪‬ﻄﺎﺀً‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﻫ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻇﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺘُﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ﱢﻘ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻀ‪‬ﻠﻲ ﺃﹸﻋ‪‬ﻄﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﹾﺌﺖُ((‬ ‫ﺤﻦُ ﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜﺮُ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ ٣٢٧٢ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ( ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﻗ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ } :‬ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﹸ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣُﻌﺎ ﹺﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ )ﺭ‪‬ﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٣٠٠٤ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﺑﺈﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﹸ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻧُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﲑُﻫﺎ ﻭﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻣُﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ(( ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ُﺗ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢٠‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ؟(( ﹸﻗﻠﹾﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺭُﺑُ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻗﹸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ؟(( ﹸﻗﻠﹾﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔﺲُ ﻣُﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ؟(( ﹸﻗﻠﹾﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺛﹸﻠﹸ ﹶ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻛﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﺘُﻢ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ُﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﻻ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ُﺧﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍ ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻷﺭ‪‬ﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻮ‪‬ﺩﺍ ِﺀ ﰲ ﹺﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﺮ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﹺﺟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﹶﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦١٦٣ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٢٢١ :‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻣُﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ))ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٢٥ :‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫُ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ )ﺭ‪‬ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢١‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﹶﻭ ُﺗﺨ‪‬ﻔﻮ ُﻩ ﻳُﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻜﹸﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﷲ؛ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻔﺮُ ﳌﹶﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺎﺀُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺭﺽﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ُﺗﺒ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻔﹸ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪} :‬ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻳُ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱢﺏُ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺎﺀُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺷ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻗﹶﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ{‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛﻠﱢﻔﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻧُﻄﻴ ُﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﳉ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻛﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﻧُﻄﻴﻘﹸﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﹶﺃﺗُﺮﻳﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻞﹸ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﺰﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻼ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ)‪.(٢٢‬‬
‫‪ - ٥‬ﻭﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ)‪.(٢٣‬‬
‫ﻀﻞﹸ ﺍﳌﺮﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ٦‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﰲ ُﻋﹸﻠﻮ‪ ‬ﻣ ﹺﱰﻟﹶﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺭﹺﻫﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻣ‪ُ‬ﺘ ُﻪ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﻓﹸﺮﻗﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻮ‪‬ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ؟‬
‫ﺺ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﹰﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳ‪‬ﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﱠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﺘ‪‬ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﹺﳚ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺐُ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳُﺤ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻣﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺐُ ﻣﺼﺤ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﱠﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﹰﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎ ﹺﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼﻒُ ﺍﳌﻄﱠﻠ ُﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻏ ُﲑ ﻣُﺴﱠﻠﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ‪‬ﺗﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳌﱳﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺼ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﱠﺎﺩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺪﻳﻞﹺ؛ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﺰﻭ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪‬؛ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠ ُﻢ ﺍﳉﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﶈﻔﻮ ﹶﻇﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﹶﻓ ُﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﺇﺗﻘﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﲟﻘﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻔ ﹶ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺑﺜﺒﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻ ﹺﻝ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻫُﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﺼ ‪‬ﲑ ﻧﻘﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺳﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﱳﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳُﺤﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻬﺮُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺎﺭُ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻳﺘﻀﻤ‪ُ ‬ﻦ ﺍﳊ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺜﺒﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨُﺘ ُﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹾﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﺼ ُﲑ(( ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺃﹶﻫﺎ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮﻡُ ﹶﺫﱠﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ؟ ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻃﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻏﹸﻔﺮﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻕﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﹺﺇﹾﺛﺮﹺﻫﺎ‪} :‬ﺁ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺃﹸ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﻣﻼﺋ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﹸﺘُﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ُﺭ ُﺳ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ُﻧ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ُ ‬‬
‫ﺴﺨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻞﱠ‪} :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﺼ ُﲑ{‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻌ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﹺﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﻣﻦ ُﺭ ُﺳ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹶﻃﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻏﹸﻔﺮﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺗُﺆﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹾﻧﺎ ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻧﺴِﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﹶﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄﺄﹾﻧﺎ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ } ،‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻧﻔﹾﺴﹰﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ُﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫ُﻳ ﹶﻜﻠﱢ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻃﺎﹶﻗ ﹶﺔ ﻟﹶﻨﺎ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪} ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ُ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹺﺇﺻ‪‬ﺮﹰﺍ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘﻪُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠ‪‬ﻨﺎ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ } ،‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ُﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹾﻏ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﻨﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ ﹶﻄﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ( ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳُﺘ ﹾﻜﺮﹺﻫﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ))ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٧٢١٩ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛﻢُ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٨٠١ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑﻫُﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻄﺎ ِﺀ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺑﺎﺡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋُ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻋ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱﹴ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ((‪.‬‬‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﺨ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛ ُﻢ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﻘﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻼ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ{ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻊُ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ } :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢٢‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺳﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺷﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪﻩُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﻡ ﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ ُﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﻴ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑ ﹺﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،[١٥٧ :‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹲﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﻴ ُﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹸ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻢ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻴ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬‬‫ﻕﺍﹶ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﱠﻟ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗﻔﻮ ُ‬ ‫)‪ (٢٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﻮﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﹶﻟﺘُﻪُ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺐُ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﶈﻤﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺐُ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻔﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌُﻈﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪ُ ‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠﻪُ ﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﺎﻻ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏﺍﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘﺢُ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ُ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
 ‫ﻕ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺫﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴ ﹴﻢ{‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ } :‬ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺿ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻧﻔ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻠ ‪‬ﺰﻡُ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺛﺒﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺿ ُﻪ ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻼ ُﻡ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺔ ﺷ‪‬ﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﻧ‪‬ﺴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﺼ ُﲑ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺧ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﲑ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫]ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،[٧٦ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳉﹸﻤﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟﻊُ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﳍﹶﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻧُﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺹ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﻓﹸﺾُ ﻗﹶﺒﻮﹶﻟﻪُ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﳓ ُﻦ ﺑﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩﻩ‪‬؛ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﹶﻓﻖُ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ ﻟﺪ‪‬ﻻﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺗﻜﻠﱡ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺚﹸ ﻋﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﹺﺟﺐُ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﺘﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﹸﺴﺘ‪‬ﻌﺎﻥﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻜﹶﻪ‪..‬‬‫ﻚﰲﲝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻨﺘﺄﻣ‪‬ﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮ ﹺ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪     ‬‬
‫ﲔ‪:‬‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻣﻨﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛﺮُﻩُ ﰲ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬‫ﲔ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺎﺗ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺰﻭ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﻴﻖُ؛ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺷ‪‬ﻜﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮﺩُ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻼﺯ ﹴﻡ ﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺱ ﻗﻠﱠﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﲏ ﹶﻛﹾﺜ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹸ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﱢﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺗُﻄﹶﻠ ُﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶﻛﹾﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺩﺍ ﱞﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎﻉُ ﹺﺇﻃﹾﻼ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳُﻌﺬﱠﺑﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹺﺭ)‪ ،(٢٤‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻖُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺧﻼﺋ ُﻖ ﺭﺁﻫُﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﻧﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﹸ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﰲ ﺭﺅﻳﺎ ﺭﺁﻫﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺳﻤُ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺟُ‪‬ﻨﺪُ ﹴ‬ ‫)‪ (٢٤‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺬﺏُ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺬ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻠﹸﻎﹸ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ُﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﱠ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻞ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻭﺍﱐ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺬﱠﺑﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﹶﻛﺬﱠﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻃﹶﻮﻳ ﹴﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻬﻴ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺧﺎ ﹺﺯﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻳﻮ‪‬ﻗﺪُﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺁ ‪‬ﻛﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٦٦٤٠ ،١٣٢٠ :‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺭﺅﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋُﻮﺍ َﺀ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻓﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﹸ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﱠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺻ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﻧﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻭﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻼﱠﰐ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ُﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻟﹾﺒﺎﻧ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳُﻌﺬﱠﺑﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُ ﹾﻔﻄ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺧُﺰﳝ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ))ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٩٨٦ :‬ﻭﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٧٤٩١ :‬ﺑﺈﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺻﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻒ ﲣ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﻔﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻼﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﺑ ُﻌﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ ،(٢٥‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓ‪‬ﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ)‪ ،(٢٦‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ﲣﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺣﻴ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻻ ﲤﺴ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﻮﰱ ﲢﹾﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﲝﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ ﱂ ُﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﱪ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻗﱠﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻭﻻ ﹶﻛﹾﺜ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ﱠﻥ‬‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﳜ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺗﺼﻮ‪ُ ‬ﺭ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹶﺔ ﳎﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮ ُﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﲔ ﻭﻣﻌﺬﱠﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﺳ‪‬ﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱﺣ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ُﻳﺠ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫‪‬ﻧﻌ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻜﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ُﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﺴِﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﻟ‪‬ﻜﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﹺﻓﺎﻗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺟﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ﺧ‪‬ﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺿ‪‬ﻼ ﹲﻝ ﻛﺒﲑ‪‬؛ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠﺤ‪‬ﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻫﻠ ﹸﻜ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ(()‪ ،(٢٨‬ﻭﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ))ﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ﹶﻜﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ(( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ‪)) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ﺚ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢٥‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﻗﹶﺒﺎ‪‬ﺋﻞﹸ ﻣﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺑﺎ ﹸﳌﺸ‪‬ﺮﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺒُﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﺛﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺛﹶﻼﺛﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻛﺬﱠﺍﺑﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹸﻛﻠﱡ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫))ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻮﻡُ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﺪﻱ((‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰﻋُﻢُ ﹶﺃﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻧﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﺧﺎ‪‬ﺗﻢُ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ((‪ ،‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٢٢٠ :‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣُﻨﺎﻓ‪‬ﻘﻮﻥﹶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹸﺮﺁﻧﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻞﱠ‪ } :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷﻋ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺢ ﰲ ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪ (٢٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻦُ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤُﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ{ ]ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑﺔ‪.[١٠١ :‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ُﻤ ُﻬﻢ‪‬؛ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻚ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹲﺓ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ﹲﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻔﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌُﻈﻤﻰ ﻟﻨﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺷ‪‬ﻔﺎﻋﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳋﺪ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﺪﺍ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎﳊﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳُﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺐُ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳﺚﹸ ﺃﰊ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻳ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﻮُﺭﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‪)) :‬ﻓﻮﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻧﻔﹾﺴﻲ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣُﻨﺎﺷ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻘﹾﺼﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱡﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭ ُﳛﺠ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹶﻟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺﺟﻮﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓُﺘﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻹﺧ‪‬ﻮﺍﹺﻧﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻳﺼﻮﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭُﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺳﺎﹶﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﱃ ُﺭ ﹾﻛﺒ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُﺭ ﺇﱃ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﺨﺮﹺﺟﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹾﻘﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺮ‪ُ ‬ﻡ ﺻُ ‪‬ﻮﺭُﻫُ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓُﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺮﹺﺟﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹾﻘﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﺟﻌُﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺪُﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺜﹾﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺮ ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺﺟﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺮﹺﺟﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺮ ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺﺟﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﱂ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣ‪‬ﺪﹰﺍ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﺟﻌُﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺪُﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﺜﹾﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧﻠﹾﻘﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﱂ ‪‬ﻧﺬﹶﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺃﺣ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺭ ﹺﺟﻌُﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺪُﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺜﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺮ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜ ﹸﺔ ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺮﹺﺟﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹾﻘﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﱂ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻞﱠ‪ :‬ﺷ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺﺟﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹺﺮﺝُ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻣﹰﺎ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﺧ‪‬ﲑﹰﺍ ﹶﻗﻂﱡ(( ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﻣ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹾﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣﻢُ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﲪﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘﹺﺒﺾُ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٧٠٠٢ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١٨٣ :‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟُﺒﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٢٣ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺳُﻬ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ))ﺍﳌﻮﻃﱠﺄ(( )‪.(٩٨٤/٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ )ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺤﺰ‪‬ﻧﹰﺎ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٩٨٣ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻩُ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻓﻬُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻭ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧُ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪُ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺼﺎﻏﹸﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ُﻋﺠ‪‬ﺒﹰﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺩﻳﹺﻨ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ( ﻓﹶﻼ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُﺆﻳﹺﺴﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺎﺿ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎ ُﻩ‪ :‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪)) :‬ﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﺤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓ‪‬ﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺟﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﳍﻢ ﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱُ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺟ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺴﻮ ِﺀ ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ‪‬ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲪﻠﹶﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻭﺁ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳌﱠﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺐُ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻫﻠ ﹸﻜ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻛﺜ ُﺮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻼﻛﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻳﻮﹶﻟﻊُ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻤﻌﻨﺎ ُﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ(()‪.(٢٩‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ُﻋﺠ‪‬ﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﹶﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﹺﺦ‬ ‫ﻕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻸ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻢ ﻗ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﹶﻓﺴ‪‬ﻬ ﹲﻞ ﺗﺼﻮ‪ُ ‬ﺭ ُﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒﻌُ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﹸﺪﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮﺹُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯﹺﻫﺎ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺐ ﻻﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌﺘُﻤﻮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ(( ﻗﹸﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬‬‫ﺤ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫ‪‬ﺭﺍﻋﹰﺎ ﹺﺑﺬ‪‬ﺭﺍﻉﹴ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻮ ﺩﺧ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺟُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺷ‪‬ﱪﹰﺍ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺁﻟﻴﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ؟!(()‪.(٣٠‬‬
‫ﺱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ( ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪)) :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻛﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ(()‪.(٣١‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺙ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣُ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ )ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻥ( ﻓﺬﻛﹶﺮﻭﺍ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳊﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ُﻫ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ{‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ُﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺑ‪‬ﲏ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺣُ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺔﹸ‪ :‬ﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻹ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺓﹸ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﹸﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺤﺬﹶﻯ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﺴﻲ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪‬؛ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ُﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ﹾﻠ ُﻮ ﻭﹶﻟﻬُﻢُ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛ ﱠ‬
‫ﺇﺳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺋﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟ ﹸﻜ ُﻢ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﹸﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٣٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٢٩‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(٢٧٠-٢٦٩/٥‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٨٨٩ ،٣٢٦٩ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٦٩ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻄﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫)‪ (٣٠‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟُﺒﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫُ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٨٨٨ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﹶﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٧ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ﹺﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳌﹸﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﺟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹴﺮ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣١‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱﹴ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺼ ﹴﺮ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٧ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛ ُﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٣٢١٨ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳ ﹺﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﳊﹶﻤﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺶﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٣٢‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳊﺎ ‪‬ﻛﻢُ‪)) :‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪُﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﺍﻕ ﰲ ))ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ(( )‪ (١٩١/١‬ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻳ ﹴﺮ )‪ (٢٥٣/٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺳُﻔﹾﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺒﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ُﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺤ ﹺﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣُﺬﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﲰ ُﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻓﲑﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺭﹺﺟﺎﻟﹸﻪُ ﺛ‪‬ﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺴﺘ‪‬ﻮﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﹶﺌ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮﺏُ ‪‬ﻣﹶﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭ) ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﹸﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺓ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎﻳﺔ(( )‪)) :(٢٨/٤‬ﻳُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﺔﹸ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ)ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘﺬﱠﺓ( ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻔﺎﻭ‪‬ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻥ((‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋ ُﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺷ‪‬ﻲﺀٍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﺇﹺﻥ ‪‬ﺷﹾﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳ ُﺦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺷﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﲝُﺼﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ؟ ﻭﻛﹶﻢ ﹶﳔﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻮﻛﻴ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤُﻪُ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻻ ُﻳﺤ‪‬ﺼﻴﻬﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﺗﺰ‪‬ﻝ؟ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﻤﺎ ٌﺀ ﻭﺃﻟﹾﻘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ؟‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ﹴ‬
‫ﺼﻄﹶﻔﻰ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗﻊﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺷﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺪُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽﺑ ‪‬‬‫ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺎﺭُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣُﻮﺍﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎ‪‬ﺋﻖﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ﹸﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻧ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻻ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺸ‪‬ﻜﺎ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ ﳚﻮ ُﺯ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪ُ ‬ﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳋ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﻟﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ُﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﹸﺒﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬‫ﺐ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ُﺣ ‪‬ﺪﹾﺛُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ؛ ﻓ ﹸﻈﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎﻩُ ﻭﹶﺃﻫ‪‬ﺪﺍﻩُ ﻭﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻘﺎﻩُ)‪.(٣٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺪُ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺴﻦُ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻴﹶﺌ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺃﻫ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ‪ :‬ﹸﻇﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﲝﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻇ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻨﺘُﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺒ ﹾﻠﻐُﻮﺍ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ‪‬ﺘ ُﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻨﺎﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻬُﻮ ُﻡ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗ ﹸﻈﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﺭﹶﻓﻊُ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮ ِﺀ ﹶﻇ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻘﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺛﹸﺒﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‬
‫‪   ‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻚ ‪ -‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣ ﹴﺮ ﻣُﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣُﺼﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪ -‬ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﺷ ّ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺼﺎ ُﻡ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺣ‪‬ﻘﻴﻘ ﹲﺔ ﻳُﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺭُﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﺼ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﹰﺎ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪،[١٠٣ :‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﲔ ﻗﻠﻮﹺﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹾﺫﻛﹸﺮﻭﺍ ﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻛﹸﻨُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻋﺪﺍ ًﺀ ﻓﺄﻟﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[١٠٥ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻛﺎﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀﻫُﻢُ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ﺭ ُﳛ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ{ ]ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪.[٤٦ :‬‬ ‫ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎﺯ‪‬ﻋﻮﺍ ﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔﺸ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺑﹺﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻳ ﹶﺔ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺑﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺨﺘ‪‬ﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪ ﹺﻦ‬

‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﺧ‪‬ﺮﻯ( ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣُ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٣‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺃﲪ ُﺪ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ ٩٨٦ :‬ﻭﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﹶﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫ﺕ ﻳﻮﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺃ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻈﹶﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﻋﻈ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺑﻠﻴﻐﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺫ ‪‬ﺭﻓﹶﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌُﻴﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟﻠﹶﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻠﻮﺏُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺢ ﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋ ﹲﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻮﻋﻈ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﺩﻉﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺪُ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺃﻭﺻﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﱵ ﻭﺳُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﹸﻠﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ُ‬‫ﺶ ﻣﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪﹰﺍ ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺸﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭﹺ؛ ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﳏﺪ‪‬ﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺪﻋﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺑﺪﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻤﺴ‪‬ﻜﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻀ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹺﺟﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎﻛﹸﻢ ﻭﳏﺪ‪‬ﺛﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﻼﻟ ﹲﺔ(()‪.(٣٤‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﻕ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﱠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳﺚﹸ ﺍﻻﻓﺘ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‪.‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﱢﻢ‪)) :‬ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻧﹺﺴﺒﺔﹸ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻅ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺼﻴﻐ ‪‬ﺔ )ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ( ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺫﹸ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟ ﹾﻔ ﹸ‬‫ﺖ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﺗﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ ِﺀ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪) :‬ﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﹸﻪ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ‪‬ﺓ‪)) :‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ((‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺴُﺐ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺧﻮ ﹺﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﱠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﻴﺘ ﱠﱰ ﹸﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﹾﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻗﻮﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳُﺆ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠ ُ‬‫ﱐ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﳝﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻊُ ﰊ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺲ ﳏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪‬؛ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧ ﹾﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ(()‪ ،(٣٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓﻬﹺﻤﻨﺎ ﻫُﻨﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺩﻋﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻻ ﹸﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺇﺟﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﻳﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻜﻞﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺲ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﱐ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫))ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺼﺮﺍ ﱞ‬
‫ﺚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺛﻼﺛﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻛﺬﱠﺍﺑﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹸﻛﻠﱡ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺰ ُﻋ ُﻢ ﺃﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﻧﱯ‪ ،(٣٦)((‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﰲ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺒ‪‬ﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﻕ‪)) :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻻﻟ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﰊ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴ ُﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ُﺳﻠﹶﻴﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳋﻄﱠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﻐﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻬُﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ(()‪.(٣٧‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﱠﻬﺎ ﻏ ُﲑ ﺧﺎﺭﺟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻬُﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﻳُﺨ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺟﻌﹶﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺷﻴ ُﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٧٦ :‬ﻭﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (٣٤‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺃﲪ ُﺪ )‪ (١٢٧/٤‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٦٠٧ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺽ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺳﺎ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﻳﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺑﺎ ﹺ‬
‫)ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٤-٤٢ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٥‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٥٣ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺛﻮﺑﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﲣﺮ ُﳚ ُﻪ )ﺹ‪-٣٤ :‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣٦‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫‪.(٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٧‬ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﻦ )‪.(٤/٧‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ(()‪.(٣٨‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻋﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝﱡ ﺩﻻﻟ ﹰﺔ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﻭ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﱯ‪)) :‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﶈﻘﱢ ُﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﺅ ُﻩ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳ ُﺪ ﱠﻝ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﻼ‪‬ﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﹸﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻜﻔ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻠﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺧ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕُ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺆ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺪﻋُﺘ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻔﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻏﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ‬‫ﺏ ﻏ ُﲑ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻔﺮﹺ؛ ﻛﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻞ ﺍﶈﺎﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻝﱡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻔﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻟﻠ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻞ ﺃﺳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺩﺧﻮ‪‬ﻟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻜﹸ ﹾﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﺒﻴﹸﻠﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻛﹸﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺘﺒ‪‬ﻴ ُﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻭﻳ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻻ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻃﻊُ ﻟﻠﻌُ ﹾﺬ ﹺﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﹾﺜ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ!(()‪.(٣٩‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣُ ‪‬ﻐ ﹴﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﻴ ﹺﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺮُ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻻﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﹸﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫מ‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻜ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴ ُﲑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺇﲨﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳋﲑﻳ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٤٠‬ﱂ ﻳُﻔﺴ‪‬ﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳُﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﺭُﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬

‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ )‪.(٢٤١/٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣٨‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (٣٩‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﹶﻘﺎﺕ ‪.(١٩٤-١٩٣/٤‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻋ‪‬ﲎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹺﺒﻖُ ‪‬ﺷﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪‬ﻨﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻤﻴﻨُﻪُ ﺷ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗﻪُ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﻧﹺﻲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻮ‪‬ﻧ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻮ‪‬ﻧ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﺠﻲﺀُ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫)) ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴﺮُ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٢٨٢ ،٦٠٦٥ ،٣٤٥١ ،٢٥٠٩ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٥٣٣ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﹾﳓﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬‫ﻆ ﳌﺴﻠ ﹴﻢ‪ )) :‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ُﺮ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻮﻧﹺﻲ(( ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮﻳ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ )) :‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴﺮُ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑُ ‪‬ﻌﹾﺜﺖُ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻣﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹴﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٥٣٤ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ُﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺒ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﹸﻒُ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ُﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ))ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻮ‪‬ﻧﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ(( ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻢُ ﺃ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﺜﺎﻟ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺤﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻬُﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻋ‪‬ﺰﻳﺰ ﹲﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ )ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺮ‪‬ﻥ( ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﻷﺛ ﹺﲑ‪))) :‬ﺧ ُﲑ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺮﱐ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻮ‪‬ﻧﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ( ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﻥﹸ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻞﹸ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺯ‪‬ﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺪﺍ ُﺭ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍ‪‬ﻟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ(( )ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺯ‪‬ﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮ ﹲﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘ‪‬ﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍ ُﺭ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻥﹸ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﺻﻄﹶﻠﺤ‪‬ﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣُﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻥ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻛﻘﻮﻟ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪) :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺳﻨﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣ‪‬ﺌﺔ( ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺘُﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ،(٥١/٤‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺍ ُﺩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳌﹸﻌ‪‬ﻴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﹸﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠﻪُ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣُﺮﺍﺩ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭ ﹸﻥ ﺍﳌﹸﻔﻀ‪‬ﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﹶﻃ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻃ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻃ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘﺔﹸ ﺃﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﻟﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻤﻌﻨﺎ ُﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
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‫ﺴﺐُ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻛﺎﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻨﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺑﻨ ﹾﻘ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻭ ُﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﹸﻛُﺘ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻟﻮﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﺑﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﱂ ﲢ ﹶﻔ ﹾ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮﺹﹺ‪ ،‬ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻧﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻳﻌﻮ ُﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺸ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ)‪.(٤١‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴُﻔﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋُ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﻭ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻣﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺘُﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻘﺮﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﳌﹶﺌﺔﹸ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲢﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻃﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻤ‪‬ﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺑﻄﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻟ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﺪُ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺯ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻳﻮ ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤١‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺪﻡُ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻧُ ‪‬ﻘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪُ ﺃﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﻤ‪‬ﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹶﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ‪‬‬‫ﺿ ﹴﺢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﻣﺎ ُﻡ ُﺳ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﺿﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺍﳌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴﺔﹸ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻟ ُﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣُﺤ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒﺖُ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﻓﺴﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﺖُ ﻳﻮﺳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺗﻔﹾﺴﲑﹺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻭﻟﻜ‪‬ﻦ ﻷ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚﻟ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹾﱂ ﺁ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ُﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ﹰﺔ(( ﻓﺄ ‪‬ﺧﹺﺒﺮ‪‬ﱐ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻕُ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺑ‪‬ﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻓ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﹸﺮ ﹺﺟﹶﺌﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺔﹸ ﻭ ُﻫ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻓﺾُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﹶﻮﺍ ﹺﺭﺝُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺜﹶﻤﺎﱐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕُ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﺗﻮﻗﱠﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳋﹶﻮﺍﺭﺝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﹶﻤﺎﱐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟﹶﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﹶﻤﺎﱐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﹶﻤﺎﱐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ﹶﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻄﱠ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ))ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٢٧٧ :‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٠ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ‪‬ﺑﻜﹾﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍ ُﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻵ ُﺟﺮ‪‬ﻱ‪ ‬ﰲ ))ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺖُ ﻳﻮﺳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﺛﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻃﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹶﻔﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌﺐُ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺛﻤﺎ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻓﺾُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﹶﻮﺍ ﹺﺭﺝُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟﹶﺌﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﹸﺻﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺟ‪‬ﻴﺔﹸ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺒ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳉﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟﺜ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒﻪُ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻣﻨﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﻗﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺨُﻪُ ﻳﻮ ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﺿ ﹴﺢ ﻛﹶﺜ ُﲑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﹸﺴﻴ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺃﺗﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻊ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷﺧ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳋﲑ‪‬ﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻌﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﹶﻟﻪُ‬ ‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒﻪُ ﻣﺎ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻩُ ﻳﻮ ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻭ ُﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻳ ﹴﺮ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﰲ ﻗ‪‬ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺪﻟﱡ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻳﻮﺳُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺧﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺑﻴ ُ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺎ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣُﺨﺎﹶﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﻟﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻄﱠ ﹶﺔ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٢٧٨ :‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹸ ﲝﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ُﺩ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﺳ‪‬ﺒﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ( ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺸﺘُﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻭ ُﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗُ ﹾﺬ ﹶﻛﺮُ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹲﺔ ﺿ‪‬ﻌﻴﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹺﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺚ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺿﻠﱢﻬﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒﺜ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻧُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﹶﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬﻮ ُﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹺﺇﺣ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺗ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬُﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺸﺘُﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻﻨ‪‬ﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭ ‪‬ﳜ ﹺﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧ‪‬ﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬‫ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﻫُ ‪‬ﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ )ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﻕ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺻﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺳﻨ ﹶﺔ )‪٤٢٩‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻓﺮ‪‬ﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﱢﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪) :‬ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﹶﺖ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﺠ ﹴ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗﹸ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺓ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﻟﱢﺜ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹶﻒ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺗُ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭﻙُ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬‫ﻕ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ﹺﺭﻑُ ﺷﻴ ُﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ُﻡ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ )ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ(‪)) :‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﻴ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﻻ ُﺑﺪ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳉ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓ ﹶﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻨﺘ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ﹶ‬‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻭ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻛﹸﺘُ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻋُﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹴﻢ ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ‪ ((. . .‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻕ ﲝُ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳍﻮ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠ ‪‬ﻌﻞﹸ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺒ ﹶﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﺒﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻟﻴ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻳُﺨﹺﺒﺮُ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫))ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻜﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﳚ ‪‬ﻌﻞﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﹶﻟﻔﹶﻬﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺿﻼ ﹲﻝ ﻣُﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﻮ ُﻋ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪ ((. . .‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺧﺎﹶﻟﻔﹶﻪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺣﺒ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﻓ ﹶﻘﻪُ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪‬؛ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺒﺎ ﹴ‬‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺟﺪُ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ(()‪.(٤٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻻﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺑُﻄﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺑﺘﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﺑ‪‬ﻴُﻨ ُﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳋﺮﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳُﻌ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﺘُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺭﻳ ﹺﺦ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭ ُﻋ ﹺﺮﻓﹶﺖ ﺑﺄﲰﺎ ٍﺀ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳُﺒﻄﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺤﻖُ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﺍﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﹶﺜﺮُ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺼﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺴﻨﺎ ﻧﺪﺭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﺑﻄﹶﻠﻨﺎ ﺩﻻﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﱯ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﻠﻴ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻳﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺐُ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮ ُﻙ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴ ﹺ‬

‫ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺑﻄﱠ ﹶﺔ )‪.(٣٧٩/١‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﱠﻠ ُﻖ ‪‬ﲟﹾﺜﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﺔﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹴﻊ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻕُ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﺘﻌﻴﲔﹴ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﱡﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳊﹶﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ(( ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈﻤُﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﻴﺴﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺮﺃﹺﻳ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻳُﺤﺮ‪‬ﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳊﹶﻼﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭُﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٤٢‬ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ )‪.(٣٤٧-٣٤٦/٣‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ))ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ(()‪)) :(٤٣‬ﻭﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺃﻥ ُﻳﺸﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﺻﺎ‪‬ﻓ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻴُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﹺﻨ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣُﺮﺟ‪‬ﻰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓ ﹺﻬﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌ ﱠﻞ ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﹺﻨ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻠﺘ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻴﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺮﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻷﻋ ‪‬ﻢ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ُﻳ ﹾﻔﻀ‪‬ﺤﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟ ﹺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ُﺳ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺒﺎﺋ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﻳﻮ ﹺﺭﺙﹸ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‬ ‫ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ)‪)) :(٤٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪ ‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ ﻓﻼ ﺇﺷﻜﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ ﻓﺎﺣﺸ ﹰﺔ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﹺﺒﺪ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻟﻔﺔ ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻮﺍ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻭﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻫُ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳُﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍ ﹺﺯ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧ ﹶﻈ ﹺﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪‬ﲝ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﺤﻖُ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳُﺤ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭﱃ((‪.‬‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺝ ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺧﺮﻭ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺗ‪‬ﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﱠﻟ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻩُ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ‪) ‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﺬ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﺻ‪‬ﻔﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ ،(٤٥‬ﻭﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻣ ُﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﰲ ﺃﻣ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻼ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﺎﺣ‪‬ﺒﻬُﻢُ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻩُ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ)‪،(٤٦‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﹺﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰﻭ ُﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﻳُﺴﻤ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﰲ ﻛﻮﹺﻧ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣُﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﲝﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺩﺧﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﶈﺬﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ُ‬‫ﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗ ﱢﱰ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻮﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺗ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺷ‪‬ﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑﺬ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺳﲑ‪ ‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻗﻮﻣﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ(()‪.(٤٧‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﻡُ ﺳﻮﺀٍ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻢُ ﰲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﻞ‪)) :‬ﺍﳋﹶﻮﺍﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﺒﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ُ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻳﺼﻠ ُﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺗُﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬

‫)‪.(١٨١/٤) (٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤٤‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ )‪.(١٨٢/٤‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭُﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ(( )ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﱠﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳊﹶﺪﻳﺚﹸ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤٥‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﻞ‪ )) :‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ(( ‪.(١٤٥/١‬‬ ‫))ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺍﺑﺘُ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜﺮُ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ))ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‬‫ﺚ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﲨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳊﺎ‪‬ﻓﻆﹸ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳ‪‬ﺜ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎﻳﺔ(( )‪.(٣٠٥-٢٩٠/٧‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟ ﹴ‬
‫ﺚ ﻃﹶﻮﻳ ﹴﻞ ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ))ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٠٦٦ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ُﻩ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﱠﻝ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١١٠ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤٧‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫ﲔ ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ؟‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﺮﹴ‪،‬‬‫ﻼ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮ‪‬ﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻭ ُﻩ ﺫﻛﺮﻭ ُﻩ ﳎ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻳﺘﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﱠﺔ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺤ ﹺﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳉﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺃﰊ ﻗ‪‬ﻼ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﺔ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳉﹶﺮﻣ ‪‬ﻲ‪)) :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍ ِﺀ ﺃﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻣﺼﲑ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻕ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺲ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﺤ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﻓﺘﻨﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ُ‪ ‬ﻢ ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ{ ]ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑﺔ‪،[٥٨ :‬‬ ‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻗﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺿُﺮﻭﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﻼ‪} :‬ﻭﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ{ ]ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑﺔ‪} ،[٧٥ :‬ﻭﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺰُ ‪‬ﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﺬﻳﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ{ ]ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،[٦١ :‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫}ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬُﻢُ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺆﺫﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻣﺼﲑ‪‬ﻫﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ(()‪.(٤٨‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻮ ﹺﺟﺒُﻪُ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻔﻆﹸ‬
‫ﺤﺸ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺭﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻟﺸ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﹸﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪) :‬ﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋ ﹶﻈ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻔﻆﹸ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺗﻼﺯُ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻫﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﱠﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﺷﻴ ﹺﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺲ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ﺛ‪‬ﻨﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹲﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨ‪‬ﺔ( ﺑﺄﻋ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺍ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫))ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻋُﺪﻭﺍﻧﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺳﻌﲑﹰﺍ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[١٠ :‬ﻭﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ } :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﻇﹸﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺑُﻄﻮﹺﻧ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﳛ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﲑﹰﺍ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٣٠ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻧُﺼﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﹸﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﳏ‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻼ ﻧ‪‬ﺸ ‪‬ﻬﺪُ ﳌﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻹﻣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺧﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ(()‪.(٤٩‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺌﺎ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﺼﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺼ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﶈﻤ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻞﹸ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﲔ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣ ُﻦ ﻭﻗﱠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﻴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳُﺠﺎﻭ ُﺯ ُﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﱡﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻫﺎ ﹺﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫א א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ﻕ ﺳﺄﻟﻮ ُﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺚ ﻳﻨﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫))ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ((‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ؟ ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻹﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﲟﻘﺎﹺﺑ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗﹶﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٤٨‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺭﻣ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٠٠ :‬ﺑﺈﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺻﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ )‪.(٢٥٠-٢٤٩/٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤٩‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻧُﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻆﹸ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹸﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺖُ ﻧ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺽ ﻟﺸﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﻛﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺼﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪)) :‬ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ(( ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﻳُﺸ ُﲑ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﺟﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺏ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻻ ﱂ ﳛﺴُ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻷﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻆ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﹰﺎ ﺑﻨﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻪُ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﹺﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺄ ﹶﻝ ﹶﱂ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻜﻞﹸ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺗﻔﺴ ُﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻨﺤﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺎﳌﻘﺎ ُﻡ ﻣﻘﺎ ُﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﳓ ُﻦ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﱄ ﺗُﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻓﻘﹶﺪﻧﺎ ُﻩ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ُﺩ ﺣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﺍﺣ‪‬ﺘﺠ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴﲑ؟ ﻟﻌﻠﱠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﻮﺟ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﹸ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻗﺎﻭﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮ ُﺩ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺴ ‪‬ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻒ)‪.(٥٠‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺿﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭُﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ُﺩ ﺍﻷﻋ ﹶﻈﻢُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻏﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﻔﺎ ُ‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﲨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺃﺋﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎُﺑ ُﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﲨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻋﺼ ﹴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬
‫‪ - ٤‬ﲨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻋﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٥‬ﲨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣ ﹺﲑﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳُﻠﻄﺎﻧﹺﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ ﻳ‪‬ﺼ ُﲑ‬ ‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﹶﻘﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻗﺎﻭﻳ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺧ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺄﻣ‪‬ﻠﻨﺎ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻗ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ُﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﹶﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍ ُﺩ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﺋﻤ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ُﻩ ﺗﻌﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﲨﻴ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻠﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻏﹸﺮﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﰲ ﳎﺘﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﻇﹸ ﹾﻠ ﹴﻢ‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺳﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﲟﻮﺍﻓﻘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎ ﹸﺓ؟‬ ‫ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺷ‪‬ﻬﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬‫ﺐ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻳُﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺪُ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﺮُ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﹺﻓﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺟﺎﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻻﺗ‪‬ﻔﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻉ( ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﱠﰒ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻌُﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺇﲨﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻕ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻘ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹺﺮ ﺇﻣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻻﺗ‪‬ﻔﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻗﻮ ُ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻳﻘ ُﻊ‬
‫ﻒ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ)‪ ،(٥١‬ﻓﺤﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻪ؟‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﺧﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﳛﺘﺎ ُﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍ ُ‬

‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺩ ﰲ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻓ ﹺﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥٠‬ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳﺚﹸ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻏﺎﻟ ﹴ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﳚ ‪‬ﻌﻞﹸ ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻳﺮﹶﻓﻌُﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺟﺎﹺﺑ ﹴﺮ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺿ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬‫ﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺟُﺰﺀ ))ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ(( ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥١‬ﺍﻧﻈﹸﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ))ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ(( )ﺹ‪.(١٦٠ :‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
 ‫ﻀﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺇﺫﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻗﹸﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺗﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺳﻨ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺭﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫))ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ((‪ ،‬ﻓﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺖ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳊﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ؛ ُﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳎﺘﻤﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻄﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺼﺎﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﺳﺘ ‪‬ﻐﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺑﻈﹸﻬﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ؟ ﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ﺣﺎﹶﻟﻬُﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ؟ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺺ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻫ ﹾﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﳐﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ﹾﻇ ‪‬ﻬﺮُ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫُﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗُﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ُﺧ ﹸﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲨﻴ ُﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‪ :‬ﲨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﻼ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﻭﻻﻳﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﹶﻢ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺼ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺎ ﹺﺭﺝُ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣُﻔﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﱢﻘﹰﺎ ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻷﻋ ﹶﻈ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﳎﺘﻤﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜ ﹴﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻋُﺜﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺹ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭُﻳﺴ‪‬ﺘﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ُﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻ ‪‬ﻥ ﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﻨ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺗُﻘﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺭ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻑ‪.‬‬‫ﳊ ﹶﻜﻢُ ﰲ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫ﻆ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺼﻴﻐ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺇﺷﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻮﻧﹺﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﹶﺒﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛﺮُ ﻟ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬‫ﺍﳌﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻆﹸ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﺟﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻛﱠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺼﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫))ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ(( ﱂ ﻳﺰﻳﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺼﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺖ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹴﻖ‬ ‫ﻆ )ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ( ﰲ ُﻋ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻓ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﹰﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﺎﺀٌ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻔ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻆ ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍ ﹺﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻔﹾﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺘﺒ‪‬ﻊ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﻳُﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻆﹸ ﻭﺭﻭ ُﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺛﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺗُ ﹾﺬ ﹶﻛﺮُ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﻨ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺨ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺔﹸ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﻊ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﺭﺟ ﹰﺔ(()‪،(٥٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﹶﻠ ﹺﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗ ﹾﻔ ُ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ﱢﺬ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘﺒﹺﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦١٩ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٥٠ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳎﺮ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺝ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺪُ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑُﺤ‪‬ﺒﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ(()‪ ،(٥٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺛﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌﺮُ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﳎ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﺮﻳﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪)) :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺛﻨ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳝ ‪‬ﻜﻦُ ﲪﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺪُ((‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﻌُﺰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻳ ﹶﻘﻊُ ﺑﺎﻟﻌُﺰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﱡ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌﺮُ‬
‫ﺹ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻣُﻄﻠﻘ ﹰﺔ ﺑ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻛ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﹺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﲨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻳُﺮﺍ ُﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻮ ُﻡ ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻆ ﰲ ﺧ‪‬ﻄﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﹺﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳏﺬﱠﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﲢﺬﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻻ ﹾﲢ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﻣﻌ ُﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺳﻴﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﰲ ﻧﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‪:‬‬‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺣُﺬﻳﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻥ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳُﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀَﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﳐﺎﻓ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺪ ﹺﺭﻛﹶﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﺳﺄﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﲑﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ ُ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﹴﲑ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﻭﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﲑﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ((‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻨُﻪُ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ُﺳﻨ‪‬ﱵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﻫ‪‬ﺪﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮﻑُ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗُﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ُﺮ(( ﻓﻘﻠ ُ‬ ‫‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻦ(( ﻗﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺏ ﺟﻬ‪‬ﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺎ‪‬ﺑ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺬﹶﻓﻮﻩُ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ((‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳋ ﹺﲑ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﺩُﻋﺎﹲﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ((‪ ،‬ﻗﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺻ ﹾﻔ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺟﹺﻠ ‪‬ﺪﺗ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻠﱠﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺄﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻓﺎﻋ‪‬ﺘﺰﹺﻝ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ((‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻚ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰﻡُ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻛﹶﲏ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ(()‪.(٥٤‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﺃﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳُﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﳛﲕ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﳊﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮ‪‬ﱐ‬‫ﺚ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺁ ُﻣ ُﺮ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﲞ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺕ(( ﻓﺬﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺯﻛﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﲞ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﺮ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﹺﺭﺑ‪‬ﻘ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻊﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉ‪‬ﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﳍﺠ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋُﻨُ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻊ'(( ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(٥٥‬‬

‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ﺑﺎﳉﺎﹺﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﱠﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪ (٥٣‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ُﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧُ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢١٦٥ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻣُﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﺳﻮﹶﻗﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬‫ﻱ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹴﻊ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﲨ ‪‬ﻌﺖُ ﻟ ُﻪ ﻃﹸﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣُﻔﺼ‪‬ﻠ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٦٧٣ ،٣٤١١ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١٨٤٧ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥٤‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٨٦٨ ،٢٨٦٧ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴﲑ((‬ ‫ﲪﺪُ )‪ ٢٠٢ ،١٣٠/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٤٤/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥٥‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳊﺎ ﹺﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺳ ﱠ‬ ‫)ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٣٦٩ :‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﳛﲕ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻛﺜﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬‫ﻱ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬
 ‫ﺚ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹲﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﻌ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﲰ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻕ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻮ ُﻩ(()‪.(٥٦‬‬
‫ﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﺼﺎ ﹸﻛﻢ‪‬؛ ﺃﻭ ﻳُﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫))ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺗﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻣ ُﺮ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟُ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳُﺮﻳ ُﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ُ‬
‫ﻕ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﳏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‬‫ﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳُﺮﻳ ُﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺘُﻤﻮ ُﻩ ﻓﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪)) :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺑﻌ‪‬ﺪﻱ ﻫ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫)ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ( ﻛﺎﺋﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓﺎ ﹾﻗﺘُﻠﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ(()‪.(٥٧‬‬
‫ﻳﺮ ﹸﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬‫ﺱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺷ‪‬ﱪﹰﺍ ﻓﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺒﹺﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫))ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻳﻜﺮ ُﻫ ُﻪ ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ(()‪.(٥٨‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫُﺮﻳﺮ ﹶﺓ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٥‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻀﺐُ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ُﻋﻤ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺔ ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹰﺔ ﺟﺎﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻞ ﲢ ‪‬‬‫ﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‪‬؛ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫))ﻣﻦ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﺮﺏُ ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﺎ ﹺﺟﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﻓ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺘﻞﹶ؛ ﻓﻘ‪‬ﺘﻠ ﹲﺔ ﺟﺎﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ(()‪.(٥٩‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻟﺴ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﹺﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﻲ ﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﺪ‪‬ﻩ؛ ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻄﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻼ‬‫ﻻ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﳎﺘﻤﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘﻒُ ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻷﻛﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔُﺘ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻋﻈﹶﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻟﻮﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪ‪‬ﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻳُﺘ ُﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﱠﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻻ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺇﻣﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻷﻋ ﹶﻈﻢُ ﻻ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻗ‪‬ﻴﺎﺩﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻮﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟ‪‬ﻮﺍﺀُ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﺮﻓﺠ ﹶﺔ ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪ‪‬ﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﺬ ﺍﺳﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺰﺍﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲔ( ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ )ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺪﺭ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻫُﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ ﺩُﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺗُ ‪‬‬

‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻬﺎﺩ(( ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺴﺎﻛ‪‬ﺮ )ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺩﺱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﳊ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺧﺮ‪ ‬ﺟُﺘ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ))ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫)‪ (٥٦‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١٨٥٢ :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥٧‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٠٢٠ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﱐ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺤﲕ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻮﰲﱡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ُﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺰﻳﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺩﺍﹺﻧ‪‬ﺒﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺯﹺﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻼﹶﻗﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٧٢٤ ،٦٦٤٦ ،٦٦٤٥ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١٨٤٩ :‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥٨‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥٩‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١٨٤٨ :‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
 ‫ﲔ ﻟ ﹶﻔ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣﺰﹺﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﺫﻳ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻻ ﲣﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﹸﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻘﺪُ ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﺗ‪ُ ‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋ‪‬ﺪﻳﺪﺓﹲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﱪﻯ ﻣﺘﻼ ﹺﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻷ ﹾﻛﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻝﱡ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻫ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﲡﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻊُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﻛ ﹴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻋﻴ ﹴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣ ﹴﲑ ﺑـ)ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺣُﺬﻳﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻴ ﹶﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﹸﻇ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻷ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻴ ُﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻟﺴﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ( ﺇﺧﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌُﻈﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬‫ﻚﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﻃﻼ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻟﻮ ُﻩ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﺼ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﺘﻜﺮ‪‬ﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﺆﻛﱠﺪﹰﺍ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺎﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻛﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﳏﺬﱠﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻼ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻆ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ ُﻩ ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺑﻠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺒﻴﺎﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ‪.‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻇﻨ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ؟ ﺃﻡ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻮ ُﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﹶﻘﻊُ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋ ُﺪ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺗﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ﳌﻮﺿﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﲪﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ‬ ‫ﻚ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ُ‬‫ﺚ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺚ ﱂ ﻳُﻔﺴ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻏﲑﹺﻫﺎ؟ ﻭﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ُ‬
‫ﲏ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺑُﺮﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌ ‪‬‬‫ﻆ )ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔ( ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻋ‪‬ﻘﻴﺪﺓ( ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﲢﻜﱡﻤﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻟ ﹾﻔ ﹶ‬
‫ﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲪ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﺤ‪‬ﺖ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻴ ﹰ‬‫ﻉ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑـ)ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ( ﻋﻤﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﻌ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻜﻮﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺲ ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳋﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻜﻮﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﺀً؛ ﻛﺎﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮﻳﻖﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺷُ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺻ‪‬ﻔﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻭ‪‬ﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻛﹸﺘُﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺭُﺳُ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻆ )ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔ( ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻛﹶﺜﺮُ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻠﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ) ‪‬ﻣﻠﱠﺔ( ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺑﻠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳُﺮﻭﻯ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻒﰲﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎ ُﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌُﻤﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻳ‪‬ﺔ(()‪.(٦٠‬‬
‫ﻒﰲﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﹸﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ﻳ ﹾﻘ ُ‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻑ ﻻ ﳎﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺩ ﻭﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﶈﺬﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻻ ﺑﻠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳ ُﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (٦٠‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ )‪.(١٧٨/٤‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬
 ‫ﻑ ﺃﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻟﻔ ‪‬ﻈ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺩﻻﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﱠﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻗﻮ ُﻋ ُﻪ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠُﺘ ُﻪ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﳍﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺁﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺁﺗﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﱠﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺑﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﻴ ﹶﻘﻊُ ﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ُﻤ ُﻪ ﻟﻠﺸ‪‬ﻲ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﺭﺍﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﻪُ ﻻ ﻳُﺮﺍ ُﺩ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‬‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻗﹸﺪﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﱠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﹺﻧﺐُ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﳜ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﻘﻬﺎ ِﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘ ُﻊ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﺭ‪‬ﻗ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺒُﻪُ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻻ ﹾﳜ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻ ﹺﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﻟﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺧﻔﺎ‪‬ﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫ﺲ ﳌﻦ ﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻻ ﻳُﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﰲ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺧﻼﹸﻓ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﻲ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒﹰﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺼﺢُ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﻳُ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻳُﺨ ﱢﻄﹸﺌﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ُﻳ ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻌﻮﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴُﺼﻮ‪ُ ‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎُﺑ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﳚﺘﻬﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻀﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﺑﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺩﻻﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻫﻮﺍ َﺀ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﺘ‪‬ﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺀُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻐ‪‬ﻠﻖُ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺭﲪ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻟﻴﺠﹺﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﹸﺴﺤ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻢ ﺩﻳﹺﻨ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﺪ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪ ‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻟﻴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺧﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺳُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﳊﺠ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﻠ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹸ ﻟﻌﻤﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍ ﹸ‬‫ﺲ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ُﻤ ُﻪ ﲝ ‪‬‬‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﺳﺒﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﲨﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻉ‪ :‬ﺁﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺰﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻓﻮﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻌﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﺟ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ{‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺚ‬‫ﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮﺹُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪‬؛ ﺣﻴ ﹶ‬ ‫]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٨٢ :‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻻ ﲡ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻊُ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪)) :‬ﻋﻠﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻫﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﳚﻤ ُﻊ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﳏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻼﻟ ‪‬ﺔ(()‪.(٦١‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ‬
‫ﺏ ﻟﺬﺍ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏ ُﲑ ﻣﺮﻏﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﻠﹶﻢ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻏ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺒﻮ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺃ ﺍﳊ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺍﺿُ ﹺﻊ ﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻂ ﻭُﺟُﻬﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺗﻮﺣﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﲔ ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺤ ُﻦ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﻟ‪‬ﺴﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻗﹶﻠﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎ ﹺﻝ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﺤ ﹶﻔ ﹾ‬ ‫ﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺄﻫ‪‬ﻞ ﻟﻠﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﰲ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌُ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺼﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻳ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳُﺠﺮﻭﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﳎﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﱠﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﱢﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﺪﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇ ﱠﻻ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻻ ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒﻞﹸ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﺗ‪‬ﻔﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﻗﻀﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺇﲨﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺱ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺴﻤ ُﻊ ﻗﻮﹶﻟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳُﺨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻜﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺁﺭﺍﺅﻫُﻢ؛ ﻓﺮﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﺣﻘ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﺎﻃﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬

‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٨٥ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺮُ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹴﻢ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦١‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺖُ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺴ‪‬ﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻳﻘﻮﻝﹸ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﹸﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺭﺍ‪‬ﻓﻊﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺶﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﹸ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬
 ‫ﻑ ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﹺﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃ ُ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ ُﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬‫ﻒ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤﺮُ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔ ﹸﺔ ﻟﻴﺤﻤﹶﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﻋُﺜﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﺳﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺋﻤ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺧُﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﹶﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃﻱ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﻼﻓﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﲔ( ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ )ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺧ‪‬ﺘﻠﹶﻔﻮﺍ ﻓﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺭ ُﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﹶﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀٍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺮ‪‬ﱐ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ(()‪ ،(٦٢‬ﻭﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻷﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳ ﹺﺰ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﹸﻘﻬﺎﺅ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ(()‪.(٦٣‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎ ﹺﺭ‪)) :‬ﻟﻴ ﹾﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻓﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ(( ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺘ ُﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﹸﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ُ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ُﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗُ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻋﻨﺎ ُﻩ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻘﻔ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﲢ ‪‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺹ ﻛﺎﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹸﺩ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳُﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻆﹸ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺕﰲ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻻﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﻳ ﹺﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺹ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﹸﺮﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱠﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳ ُﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒ‪‬ﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍﻥ ﺃﺻﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻈﻴﻢُ ﰲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[١٠٣ :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﺼ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻵﻳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﲔ ﻧﻮﱢﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﱠﻰ ﻭﻧُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُﺸﺎ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺀَﺕ ﻣ‪‬ﺼﲑﹰﺍ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪.[١١٥ :‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻻ ﳚﻮ ُﺯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹶﺖ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺒﻬ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ُﺭ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﱀ ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺭﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٣٤ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪُ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦٢‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﺧ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﻂﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻳﺰﻳ ‪‬ﺪ )ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭ ﹶﻥ( ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﺎﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫)‪ (٦٣‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﺭﻣ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٣٣ :‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫ﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗُﻌ‪‬ﺒ ُﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﻟ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺑﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻏﻴﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺸ ُﻪ ﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺑﺴﺒ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﻟﻠﺨ ﹶﻄ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻢُ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ُ ‬ﲑ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ )) ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ((‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺛﻨﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻌُﻤُ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳋ ﹶﻄ ﹺﺮ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺒﻬﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈ ﹺﻢ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺕ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺆﺍ ﹺﻝ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﻌ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻨﺎ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻜﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ُﲑ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺗﺮ ﹶﻛﻪُ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔ ُﻌ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺿﻊُ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳒﺎُﺗ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻬﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺆﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻠﹸﺰﻭ ﹺﻡ‬‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺘ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻞﹸ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﺩﻻﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺳُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻣﻦ ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﺗ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫‪?     ‬‬

‫ﲔ ﺗُ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻘﺪُ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ﹸﻥ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻓﻜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ُﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ ﲜﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺗُﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﲔ‪:‬‬‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗﻊُ؟ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺘﺘﺒ‪‬ﻴُﻨ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻘ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱡﻘﻄ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺎﻛﹸ ﹺﻢ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎﺯُ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻧﺰ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻚﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻋُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻓﺮﺩ‪‬ﻭ ُﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٥٩ :‬ﻭﺃﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺇﱃ ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼ ُﻡ ﻟﻴﺤ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻭ ﹾﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺰُ ﹾﻝ ﺣُﻜﻤُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﹾﱂ ُﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﹸﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻛ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘ ُﻊ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ُ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺪﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺺ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹺ‬‫ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪‬؛ ﻓﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﱪ‪‬ﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻳﻮﺣﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ُﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀَﻩ ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊ‪‬ﻜﻤﺔﹸ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎﺯُ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﺯﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺣُ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣُ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ُﻖ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭﺍﻋ‪‬ﺘﺼ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ‪‬ﲝ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ [١٠٣ :‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻢُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺘُﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘ‪‬ﺼﺎﻡُ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺑﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪} :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُﺸﺎ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺭﹺﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺳﺎﺀَﺕ ﻣ‪‬ﺼﲑﹰﺍ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[١١٥ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋ‪‬ﻴُﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻧﻮﱢﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﱠﻰ ﻭﻧُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪} :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑﹺﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﹺﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻌﻮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺈﺣ‪‬ﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺭﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻮﺯُ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻈﻴﻢُ{ ]ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑﺔ‪،[١٠٠ :‬‬ ‫ﺤﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻷ‪‬ﺎ ُﺭ ﺧﺎﻟ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﲡﹾﺮﻱ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺿُﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﺗﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻗ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺎﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻵﻳﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺩﻟﱠﺘﺎ ﺩﻻﻟ ﹰﺔ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﺕ ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‪‬ﺕ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻷﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬‫ﻃﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﺮُ ﺳﺒﻴﹸﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻫﺪُﻳ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﹺﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴ ﹴﲑ ﻟﻠﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ؟‬
‫ﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﲜﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺴ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱡﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ُﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﲝ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺣُﻴ ُﻪ ﻭﺩﻳُﻨ ُﻪ ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳ ُﻌﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎُﺑ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬‫ﲔ ﻻ ﺗﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ُﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻴﺰﺍ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎ ِﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﻋﺘ‪‬ﺼﺎﻡُ ﺑﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﹶﺜﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎُﺑ ُﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﻴﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺫ‪‬ﻱ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﺧ‪‬ﻼﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻓﺘﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﲔﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻟﻮﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻞ ﺣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳍﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﳝﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻣﻨﻬُﻤﺎ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻞ ﻋُﺜﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ًﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﻗﺘﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌُﻈﻤﻰ ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﹶﺜ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﺍ ﹺﻡ ﺳُ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﳋﹸﻠﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﹺﺑﺨ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺑﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺳُ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﻚ ﱂ ُﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘﻪُ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍ ﹴﺭ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌُﻈﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﺪ‪ُ ‬ﻩ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟ ﹴ‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺠ‪‬ﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬‫ﺻ ﹾﻠ ُﺢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﱠﰎ ُ‬
‫ﲔ(()‪ ،(٦٤‬ﻭﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺎﻏﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻋﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺌ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌ ﱠﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹴﺮ‪ )) :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺢُ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘُﺘﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﹶﺌﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻏﻴﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ(()‪ ،(٦٥‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ )ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻳﺎﺳ ﹴﺮ( ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﻪُ ﺟﻴ ُ‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺻ ﱢﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗُﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ )ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﹸﺪﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲰ‪‬ﺎﻫﺎ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻏﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﻭ)ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﹺﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺭﻗ ﹲﺔ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻲ ﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﻬُﻢ ﺃﻭﻻ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﳊ ‪‬ﻖ(()‪،(٦٦‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﹶﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺨ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺘﻮﺍﺗُ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮﺹﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮ ُﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻣ ُﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳُﺸ ُﲑ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻭ ﹺ‬

‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﱠﺜﻘﹶﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٦٩٢ ،٣٥٣٦ ،٣٤٣٠ ،٢٥٥٧ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦٤‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﺬﱠﺍﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٥٧ ،٤٣٦ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺧﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (٦٥‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋﺪ‪‬ﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٦٦‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(١٠٦٥ :‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲰ‪‬ﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﻡ ﻟﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮ ﹺﺭﺩُ ﺗﻨﺎﺳُﺒﹰﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻭﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺭﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﳌﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﲞُﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺷ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ‪) :‬ﻧﺴ ﹾﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺗ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ ﱄ ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻄﺎﻭُ ﹺﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‬‫ﲔ ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﻻﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺧﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺬ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﱪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺭﻳﺦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼ ُﻡ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺫ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ُﻣ ﹾﻔﺤ‪‬ﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺣﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﹺﺑ ﹺﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪﺭُ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﻓﺘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺌ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺑﻮﻗﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ ،(٦٧‬ﻓﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ُﻡ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻭﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ؟ ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﳌﻼﻣ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﱠ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺑﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺲ ﰲ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻣُﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻜﻮﺕُ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻝ ﺣُﺮﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﻭﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻡُ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﺐُ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘﺪُ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﹰﺎ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﻡ ﺧُﺮﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻘﲔﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻧﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﳋ ﹶﻄﺄﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ ‪‬‬‫ﻚﺍﹶ‬ ‫ﳋ ﹶﻄﺄ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻳُﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺐُ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺧﺼ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺷ‪‬ﺘﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﺘﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻞﹸ ﻭﻻ ُﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﳓﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﹸﻄﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﺴﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﺣﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻓﻼ ُﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺎﻣُ ﹺﻞ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒﻮﻳ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ﹾﻓﻀ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻣﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻗﻀ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺘﻀﻴﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻌُﻤُ ﹺﺮ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ﹾﶈﺪ‪‬ﺛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻞ ﻷ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹺﻞ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻐ ﹺﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ ﻣﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﹸﺃ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻼﻓ ﹶﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔﹶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻓ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻣُﻄﻴﻌﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﹾﺄ ﹸﻥ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻُ ﹾﻠ ﹺﺢ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲡﺎﻭ ﹺﺯ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺧُﺮﻭ ﹺﺟﻪ‪‬؛ ﲟﻘﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎ ُﺭ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌﻮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺼﺎﻣ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﲟ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺣ‪‬ﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ{ ]ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،[١٠٠ :‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﹺﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﻮ ﹺﺯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤ ﱠﻘ ُﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻮﻋﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻷ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﹺﻫﺎ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ُﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻴ‪‬ﺖ )ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ( ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﻭﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻗﻠﱠ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻮﻧُﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻌُﺼﻮﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻓﺎﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻴ ﹸ‬

‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫُ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﹶﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﹸﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦٧‬ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﺖ ﺃﺑﻮﻧﺎ؛ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺍﺣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟﻪُ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ ُﻪ( ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ؟‬‫ﺨﹸﻠﻘﹶﲏ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗ‪‬ﻠﻮﻣُﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻩُ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻄﹶﻔﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻜﹶﻼ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻂﱠ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟﻪُ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ( ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٥٢ :‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ ٦٢٤٠ :‬ﻭﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ )ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ(((‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ُ‬
‫ﻕ ﳍﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﲟﻔﺎﺭﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣُﻔﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱠﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹸﺤﻮ ُﺩ ﺑﺈﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﱠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼ ُﲑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬﺪُ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻻ ﳛﻞﱡ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﺍﻣﺮﻯ ٍﺀ ﻣﺴﻠ ﹴﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔﺲﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺭ ُﻙ ﻟﺪﻳﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻔﺎ ﹺﺭﻕُ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ(()‪ ،(٦٨‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬ﹾﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱠﺜﻴ‪ُ ‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ ﺛﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳ ُﻖ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﹶﻠﻬُﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻉ ﺷُﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺧُﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎ ﹺﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺽ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻃ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﱠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳋﺮﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺣﺮُﻣﺎﺗ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﲣﻔﻰ ﺣُﺮﻣُﺘ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ﹶﻘﻊُ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺩﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‬‫ﻚ ﳐﺎﻟﹶﻔ ﹲﺔ ﺻﺮﳛ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺿﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹸﺔ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﱠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻣﻪُ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﹶﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﺮﻓﺠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﻌ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺮﳛﹰﺎ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻣ ُﺮ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟُ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳُﺮﻳ ُﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﲰ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻕ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎ ﹾﻗﺘُﻠﻮ ُﻩ((‪.‬‬‫ﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﺼﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳُﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺯ ﺻُﻮﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻐﻲُ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺧﺮ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﻼﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﱰﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﳋﻠﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳋ‪‬ﻴﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻔﱠﺮﻭﺍ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﺩﻣﺎ َﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻻ ﹶﻗﺼ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﺑﻄﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺋﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀُﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻼُﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀٍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺻ‪‬ﻴﺎﻣُﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀٍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ ﳛﺴ‪‬ﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻧ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗُﺠﺎ ﹺﻭﺯُ ﺻﻼُﺗ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴ ُﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺴ‪ ‬ﻬ ُﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ(( ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(٦٩‬‬
‫ﳝﺮﻗﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺝ ﻭﳓ ﹺﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﻛﺎﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺍﳉﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺗﺄﻭﻳ ﹴﻞ ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﹸ ﹾﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳋﺮﻭ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻟﺘﻔﺘﺮﻗ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ((‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗُﺼﻴ‪ُ ‬ﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻏ ﹺﲑ‬‫ﲔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳُﺼ‪‬ﻴﺮُﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻓﺮ‪‬ﻗﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎُﺑ ُﻪ ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﲟﻔﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺳﺒﻴ‪‬ﻠﻬﹺﺎ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮُﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﲤﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻟﺪﻻﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﱠﺘ ﹺ‬

‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٤٨٤ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٦٧٦ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦٨‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻬﹺﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺖُ‬
‫ﺐﺍﹸ‬‫)‪ (٦٩‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٠٦٦ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ﹴ‬
‫ﺝ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ؛ ﻳﻘﺮﺃﻭ ﹶﻥ(( ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ )) :‬ﹾﳜ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪‬ﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻅ ﻋﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﳏﻔﻮ ﹲ‬
‫ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺃﹸ ‪‬ﺧﺮُ‬ ‫ﺕ ُﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﳏﻜﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺢُ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻳُ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣُﺘﺸﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﹺﺑ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﻎ ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺘﺒﹺﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺸﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻐﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺘﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﺘ‪‬ﻐﺎ َﺀ ﺗﺄﻭﻳ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻢُ ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻠﹶﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻩُ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[٧ :‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﰲ ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻛﺎﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺷﺄ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺘﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺗ ﹶﻘ ُﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺘﻨ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﻗﻮ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪‬؛ ﻭﺟﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﱂ ﻳُ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻣُﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼ ‪‬ﺮﻓﹶﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺟﻮﻫ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻳﻎﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﶈﻜﹶﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﻼ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳ ﹶﺔ‪)) :‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳُﺘ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﺣﺬﹶﺭﻭ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ(()‪.(٧٠‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺒﹺﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺸﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﹸﻣﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﹺﺑ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺯﻳ ﹲﻎ‪)) :‬ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺝ(()‪.(٧١‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺝ ﺟﹺﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻓﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﹶﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺩ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﶈﻜﹶﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻃﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻳﺘﺪﻳ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺑـ)ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﻳ‪‬ﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻜﺮﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺑﻘ ‪‬‬‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻼ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳﲑُﺗ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﺴﲑ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳋﹸﻠﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻼﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﳎﺘﻤﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﺗﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋُﺜﻤﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣُﺼﺎﺩﻣ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻟﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺗ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻬﹺﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ُ‬

‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٦٦٥ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٢٧٣ :‬ﻭ ُﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧٠‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣُﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ﹴﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱀ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﱪﺍﱐﱡ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ(( )‪ (٣٢٧ ،٣٢٦/٨‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧١‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻳُﻔﻴ ُﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟ ﹴ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﲪ ُﺪ )‪ (٢٦٢/٥‬ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﰊ ﻏﺎﻟﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺖُ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻔ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ ﹰﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﺟُﻤﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﺮﻩُ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻀﹺﺒﻂﹸ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺐ ﳋﹶﻄﺌﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺒﺪﻭ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻏﺎﻟ ﹴ‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒﻪُ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻈ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺴﻦُ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻤﻴﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻓﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤِ‬ ‫ﻛﹶﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫))ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ(( )‪.(٨/٢‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺞ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺜ ُﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﱰﻳﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﹶﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﱂ ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻝ ﲣﺘ‪‬ﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﺍﶈ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺽُ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﺒُﻬﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻍ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻮ ﹸ‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫מא‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇ ﱠﻻ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻴ ُﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒﻬﹺﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻧﺰ‪‬ﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺭ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺑﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﳓ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳُﺮﻳﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ‪‬ﺘ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺑﻬُﻢُ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻇﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻮﺍ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻬﻢُ ﺑﺄﹸﻧﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻨﺘ ﹺ‬‫ﻒ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟ ﹲﺔ ﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺋ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ُﺩﻓ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﲟﻘﺎﹺﺑ ﹺﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﻳﻘﻮ ُﻡ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺧُﺮﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﺞ ﺧﻄ ‪‬ﲑ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺒُﻪُ ﻭﺍﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﶈﺬﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﺪ‪‬ﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗُ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻙُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‬‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻘﱠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺑﺎﺗ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺿﻼﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﳊ ﹾﻜ ُﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪-١‬ﺍﹸ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻝﱡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎﺑﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳉﺰﺍ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘ ﹲﺔ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺑﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺳُﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻪُ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺃﻛﺜ ُﺮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻢ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ُﺷﻴﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻋُﻠﻤﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳉ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﹶﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺴﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻬ ﹺﺞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼﻻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼﻻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳊ ﹾﻜ ُﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ ﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣ‪‬ﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺳُﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻛ‪‬ﺘﻤﺎﻧُﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﱰﱠ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻓ‪‬ﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﺎ ﹾﳜ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻛﻠﻤ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍ ﹺﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎُﺑﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ُﺮ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ‬ ‫ﺸﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫ ﹺﺮ ﳑ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﻘﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺳُﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﻮﹺﺟﺎﺟﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻃﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﲢﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻤُﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻗﻀ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﺟﻠﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻖ ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻫﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﳝ ‪‬ﻜﻦُ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳊ ﹾﻜ ُﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﹺﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺲ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ﻣُ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﺪ‪‬ﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣُﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﺘﺨﱠﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺒﺪﻳ ﹺﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺎﺳ‪‬ﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ُﻋ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺗ‪‬ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬
 ‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬‫ﻒ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﹸ ﹾﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻮ ُﺩ ﺑﹺﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺮﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ‬‫ﻕ ﺍﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻠ ﹺﺰﻡُ ﺯﻭﺍ ﹶﻝ ُﻋ ﹾﺬ ﹺﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺒﹺﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻗﻀ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﺗﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻯ ﲢﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻧُ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﹸ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣُﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﻃﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺤ ﱠﻞ ﺗ‪‬ﻔﺼﻴﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﳋﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﳍﺎ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﻨﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴ ﹴﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﱢ‬
‫ﲔ ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺹ ﺍﳌﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺟُﺮﺃ ﹲﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈﻢُ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺑﺎﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﳌﻐﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳌ ﹾﻄﻠﹶﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻮُﻗﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ‪‬ﺬﺍﺏﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺧﻔ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻻ ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤُﻬﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬﺪ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ُ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻌﺸ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻭﺗﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﳌﺎ ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻨ ‪‬ﻄﻖُ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻮﺣ ﹴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ؛ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬﺪ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻋ‪‬ﻈﻴ ﹺﻢ ﺑﻼﺋ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻬُﻢ؟ ﺑﻞ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺣﺬﱠ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻏﺎﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪} :‬ﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُﺰﻛﱡﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻳﻔﺘ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻔﻰ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﲦﹰﺎ ﻣُﺒﻴﻨﹰﺎ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪-٤٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳُﺰﻛﱢﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺎﺀُ ﻭﻻ ﻳُ ﹾﻈﻠﹶﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﹶﺘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻢُ ‪‬ﲟ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﻘﻰ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﻢ‪ ،[٣٢ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻋﺎﺑ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹺﻢ‬ ‫‪ ،[٥٠‬ﻭﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪} :‬ﻓﹶﻼ ﺗُﺰﻛﱡﻮﺍ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬‫ﺲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺒُﻪُ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪) :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬﺪُ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻠﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﹶﺓ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻛﱢﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ(؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺛﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺒُﻪُ‬ ‫ﺴﺐُ ﻓﻼﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺣ‪‬ﺴﻴُﺒﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﹸﺯﻛﱢﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫))ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﺣﹰﺎ ﺃﺧﺎ ُﻩ ﻻ ﳏﺎﹶﻟﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﹸﻞ‪ :‬ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ(()‪.(٧٢‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻢُ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﻦ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺣُ ‪‬‬‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺰﻛ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻺﻧ‪‬ﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺟﺎﹺﻧ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﻣ‪‬ﻞ ﻫﻬُﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺑُﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳُﻮ ِﺀ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺑﺎﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ؟‬ ‫ﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﳏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﺳ‪‬ﻪ؟ ﻛﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﻬﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻀ ﹴﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫُﺮﻳﺮ ﹶﺓ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﳝﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺷ‪‬ﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﺬﻳ ﹺﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫُﺮﻳﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﹲﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﺮﺟُ ﹴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻐ ‪‬ﻔ ُﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹸ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪)) :‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺑ‪‬ﲏ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺗ ﹸﻘﻠﹾﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﲰ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪُﻧﺎ ﻷﺧﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺂ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬ ُﺪ‬‫ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟُﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺣﺪُﳘﺎ ﳎﺘﻬﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧﺮُ ﻣُﺴﺮﹺﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭ‪‬ﻗﻴﺒﹰﺎ؟(( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﱢﲏ ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑُ ‪‬ﻌﹾﺜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍ ﹸﻝ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻧﺐﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٥٨١٠ ،٥٧١٤ ،٢٥١٩ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٣٠٠٠ :‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﱠﺜﻘﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬‫ﻚ(( ﻣ‪‬ﺮﺍﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋُﻨُ ‪‬ﻖ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ )) :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﹶﻠﻚ‪‬؛ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃﺛﹾﲎ ‪‬ﺭ ُﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺭﺟُ ﹴﻞ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭ‪‬ﻗﻴﺒﹰﺎ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﱢﲏ ﻭﺭﺑ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑُ ‪‬ﻌﹾﺜ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌ ﹶﻈﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﳛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﺁ ُﻩ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻧ ﹴ‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﺭﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺣﻬُﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﻣﻠﹶﻜﹰﺎ ﻓﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ(( ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫُﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻓﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻐ ‪‬ﻔ ُﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳُﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﻱ‬ ‫ﺖ ﰊ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ؟ ﺃﻛﹸ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺧُ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺑﺮﲪﱵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻟﻶ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﹸ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﺐ‪ :‬ﺍ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﹺﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺩُﻧﻴﺎ ُﻩ ﻭﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺗ‪‬ﻪ(()‪.(٧٣‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺯﻧﹰﺎ؟ ﺍ ﹾﺫﻫ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ((‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻓﻮﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧ ﹾﻔ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻮ ُﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻮ ُﻩ ﻓﻴﺤ ﹸﻜ ُﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ‪ -‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﹶﻢ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ‪ -‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺸ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓُﻴ ﱢﱰﻟﹸﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﳒﺎ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻼﻛﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻟﻠﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺗﻄﺒﻴ ﹸﻘ ُﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺟﺰﺍ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬ﻧُﺼﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﺧﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊ‪‬ﺮﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‬ ‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺤ ﹺﻮ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﹸﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻭﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌُﻘﻮﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼﻞﹸ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹸﻠﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺬﺭُ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻓ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻗﻀﺎ ٍﺀ ﺩ‪‬ﻗﻴ ﹴﻖ ﻻ ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻢُ ﺑﺎﳊﻘﺎﺋ ﹺﻖ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ‬‫ﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻳُﺒﲎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻍ ﻭُ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ()‪ ،(٧٤‬ﻭﺣ ﱠﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺸﺒُﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﹸﺓ‪) :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺀﻭﺍ ﺍﳊﹸﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﻟﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﲣﺘﺼﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﱄﱠ‪،‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼ ُﻡ‪)) :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺼﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴﺖُ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﺧﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺾﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﹾﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓ ﹺﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻊُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻦ ﲝُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌ ﱠﻞ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄ ُﺧ ﹾﺬﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻗ ﹶﻄ ُﻊ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻗ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ(()‪.(٧٥‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺒُﺮﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﳏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐ ‪‬ﻔ ُﺮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻔﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻐ ‪‬ﻔ ُﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳُ ‪‬‬‫ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻ‪‬ﻲ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﺧﻄﻴﺌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳُﺨ ‪‬ﻄﺌﹸﻬﺎ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﶈﻤ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹾﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺸﺎ ُﺀ{ ]ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٤٨ :‬ﻓﻴﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﲏ‬‫ﲪﺪُ )‪ (٣٦٣ ،٣٢٣/٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٩٠١ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹸﺮُ ﹴ‬ ‫)‪ (٧٣‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟ ُﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀﻢُ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺣﺪﻳﹸﺜ ُﻪ‬‫ﺿﻄ‪‬ﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻴﺪُ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹸ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺛﻘ ﹲﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ﹺﲑ ﳛﲕ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻛﹶﺜﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪُ ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺛ ﹶﻘ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﹶﻓﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﳉﹸﻤﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﹸﺓ )ﻟﺘ‪‬ﻜﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ'( ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟُ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﺘ ﹺ‬ ‫ﳉﺰ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬‫ﺖﺍﹶ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﹺﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗﻔﹶﻬﺎ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺛﺎﺑ ‪‬‬‫ﻱ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪُﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺛ‪‬ﻘﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻘﹶﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ُﺭ ﹺﻭﻳ‪‬ﺖ ﻛﹶﺤﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧٤‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻓﻘﻬ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘُﻔﻴﺪ‪‬ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻻﺋ ﹶﻞ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﻣﻦ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٦٧٤٨ ،٦٥٦٦ ،٢٥٣٤ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ))ﺍﳌﻮﻃﱠﺄ(( )‪ (٧١٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧٥‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻡ‪ ‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (١٧١٣‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻫ‪‬ﺸﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬
 ‫ﻉ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺾ ﻓﺮﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻣُﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺣﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺭﲪ ﹶﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﲢﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻌُﺒﻮﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﺭﺍﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺟ ﹺﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﰲ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻘﺼ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫُﺮﻳﺮ ﹶﺓ )ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ ُﺟ ﹲﻞ ﱂ ﻳﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻗﻂﱡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﺌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻴُﻌﺬﱢ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪ُ ‬ﻪ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﹰﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﹶﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﻔﹶﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺤﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹾﺫﺭُﻭﺍ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻷ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻓﻌ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ُﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﱪ ﻓﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳُﻌﺬﱢُﺑ ُﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻢُ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ(()‪.(٧٦‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺧﺸ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﺕ ﹾﳜ‪‬ﺘﻢُ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗﻪُ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺼﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻀﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳌﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻄﹶﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻃﻮ ﹶﻝ ُﻋ ُﻤ ﹺﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﺼﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﻗﹶﻪ ﰲ ﺇﺭﺍﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺟ ﹺﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹸﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻌﺼﻴُﺘﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺧﻄﺆ ُﻩ؟‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﺸﻴ ﹺﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻳُ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘﺐُ ﲟﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ )ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ(‪)) :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ ُﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺄﺧﻄﺄﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺼ ُﺪ ُﻩ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻻ ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔﹸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳ ﹾﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﻋﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﻛﻔﱠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻜﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﻋﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺪﻋ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺻ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍ ﹺﻝ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳُﻜﻔﱢﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﹶﻟﻔﹶﻬ ‪‬ﻢ(( ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠ ‪‬ﺰﻡُ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻛﹸﻔﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻔﹸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﹶﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳﻞﹺ‪،‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻧ ُﻊ ' ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻭ ﹲ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺣ ﱢﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺺ ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻛﺜﹸﺒﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺸ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻔ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺛﹸﺒﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻔﺮُ ﳍﻢ ﻭﻳُﺘﺮﺣ‪ُ ‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓﻴُ ‪‬‬‫ﺲ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﻛﹸﻔﱠﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻧﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼﺪُ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻘﹶﻪ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻗﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣ ُﻦ‪ } :‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺍ ﹾﻏ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﹶﻨﺎ ﻭﻹﺧﻮﺍﻧﹺﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﻮﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ{ ]ﺍﳊﺸﺮ‪ [١٠ :‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺫﻧﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻘﻮﻩُ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﻒ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﹶﺄ ﰲ ﺗﺄﻭﻳ ﹴﻞ ﺗﺄ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﻪ ﻓﺨﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﹸﻛﻔﱠﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪ ُﺧ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌُﻤﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻨﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﱡﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﱡ ُﻪ ﻋُﺼﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺿﻼ ﹲﻝ ﻭﺫﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎُﺗﻪُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳُﺨﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳُﺨﻠﱠﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﻓﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺪﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺒ ‪‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٧٠٦٧ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٧٥٦ :‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ))ﺍﳌﻮﻃﱠﺄ(( )‪ (٢٤٠/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧٦‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣُ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫُ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﳓﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٣٢٩٤ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻫﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ‬‫ﺚ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤﲔ(( ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺚ ﺣُ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٧٠٦٩ ،٦١١٦ ،٣٢٩١ :‬ﻭ ُﻣﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹴﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٧٥٧ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳋﺪ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٧٠٦٩ ،٣٢٩٢ ،٣٢٦٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻣﺴ‪‬ﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺪﺭ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ(( ﺇﱃ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﻛﻼﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﱂ ﻳُﻜ ﱢﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟ ﹴ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﲑ)‪.(٧٧‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻒ‬‫ﻂ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑﺎﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻋﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ﹴﻢ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﺍﻩُ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻏﲎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻ َﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀَ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ُﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﹰﺎ ﻹﻧﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﺄﺧﻮ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ‬‫ﻉ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ‪ } :‬ﻣﻠﱠ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺑﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻮ ﲰ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ُﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﻘﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ{‬ ‫ﺴﻦُ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺻﺎﳊﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ{ ]ﺍﳊ ّﺞ‪ ،[٧٨ :‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪} :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ُﻢ ﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢﹺ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻈ‪‬ﻠﻤُﻪُ ﻭﻻ ﳜ ﹸﺬﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﻭﻻ ﳛ ‪‬ﻘ ُﺮﻩُ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﹶﺖ‪ ،[٣٣ :‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫]ﹸﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹺﻢ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﺍﳌﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺧﺎ ُﻩ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻣﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺ‬‫ﺕ(‪ ،‬ﲝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻬُﻨﺎ )ﻭﻳُﺸ ُﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﺛﻼ ﹶ‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮ ﹺﺭ ﻃﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻷﺷ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ‪ :‬ﺩ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺿُﻪُ(()‪ ،(٧٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﳊﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟُﺜﺎ ﺟﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ(( ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﷲ(()‪.(٧٩‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬ﻡ؟ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﻭﺻﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺩ‪‬ﻋﻮﺍ ﺑﺪﻋﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﲰ‪‬ﺎﻛﹸﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ُﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌُﺒﻮﺩﻳ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﲝﹾﺜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﺗﺨ‪‬ﻠﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻋ‪‬ﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﺋﺮُ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺣ ﹸﺔ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻭﳓﻮﹺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﻦ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺱ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﹶﻠﻘﹾﻨﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ﹴﺮ ﻭﹸﺃﻧ‪‬ﺜﻰ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺷُﻌﻮﺑﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺱ ﻭﻳﺘ‪‬ﺨﺬﻭﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘ‪‬ﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹶﻞ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭ‪‬ﻓﻮﺍ{ ]ﺍﳊﺠﺮﺍﺕ‪.[١٣ :‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺎﺧُ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﺟﺎﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺮﺫﻭﻟﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻ ِﺀ ﻟﻐ ﹺﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺃﺷﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﺑﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑﻘ ‪‬ﺔ‪} :‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺷُﻌﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﹶﺒﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹶﻞ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭ‪‬ﻓﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺗﻘﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ{‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻟﹶﻸﻧ‪‬ﺼﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﳌﹸﻬﺎﺟﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺟُﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺟﹺﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﺷﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ؟ ‪ . .‬ﺩ‪‬ﻋﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲰ ‪‬ﻊ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻟﻠﹾﻤﻬﺎﺟﹺﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬‬

‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ )‪.(٢٤٠-٢٣٩/٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧٧‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (٧٨‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٥٦٤ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﰊ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﺎﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﺰﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ُﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧٩‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﲣﺮ ُﳚ ُﻪ )ﺹ‪.(٦٧ :‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫ﻣُ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ(( ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪)) :‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺒﻴﹶﺜ ﹲﺔ(()‪.(٨٠‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹴ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻧﹺﻬﺎ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺟﺎﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺼﺒ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫ﲔ ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻ ِﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺧُﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹴ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻇﹸﻬﻮ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃﻞﹸ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﲟﻮﺍﻓﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺣﻨﺒﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋُﺮﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﻳﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻮﻧُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻴﻴ ﹺﺰ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻞ ﺑﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺷﺎﻓﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻨﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻧﹺﺴﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﺮﺩُ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﻳﻌ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﺑﻄﺎ ﹴﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﲢ ‪‬‬‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺼﻄﻠ ُﺢ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱُ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎ ُﺀ ﺑﺮﻳﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺰﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺬﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳓ ﹺﻮ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺖ ﲟ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪﻋﻴ‪‬ﺔ؛ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻓ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻛ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﺒُ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ُﻧﺴِﺒﻮﺍ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﻏ ﹺﲑﻫ‪‬ﻢ ﻷ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ‪‬ﲡﺪُ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﻳﻨﺴُﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻔﹸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺴﺐُ ﺇﱃ ﻧﹺﺴﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗُﺸﻴُﻨﻪُ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﲡﹾﺘ ﹺﻬﺪُ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ‪‬ﲡ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻨ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﺗﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬‫ﺴ ﹺ‬‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋﻒُ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎ ﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﳍﺎ ﻛ‪‬ﻴﺎﻧُﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﳌﻨﻬ ﹺﺞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﲤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﻟﻠﻄﱠﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺑـ)ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﻐ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺮﹺﻫﺎ ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺗﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐﺍﹶ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹶﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﺇﻃﻼ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰﹰﺍ ﻭﻣﺬ ‪‬ﻫﺒُﻬﺎ ﻣُﺴﺘﻘﻠ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻛﹸﺘُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹶﻘﺐُ ﻣﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﹰﺎ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﻠﱠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻌ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺃﻥ ُﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﳝ‪‬ﻴﺰُﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﹺﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ُﻋ ﹺﺮﻓﹶﺖ ﺑﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹴ‬
‫ﺴﺐُ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺗُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻇﻬﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﺍﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ﹺﻞ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﱂ ُﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑﺄﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﻘﹸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻷﲰﺎ ِﺀ ﻳُﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻣﹾﺜ ﹺﻞ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺸﺌﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻬﻢُ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻻ ﻳ ﹾﻔﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺬﻭ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﱢﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﺤﻘﹸ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﲔ{‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺳُﺒُ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪} :‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﹸﻟ ُﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻠﺰﻭ ﹺﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﹺﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠﻜﹸ ‪‬ﻢ‬‫ﺴﺒُ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺘ‪‬ﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗﹺﺒﻌُﻮ ُﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒﻌُﻮﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪} :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻ‪‬ﺮﺍﻃﻲ ُﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ{‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗﺘ‪‬ﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ{ ]ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،[١٥٣ :‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺟ ﱠﻞ‪} :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺮ‪‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺷﻴ‪‬ﻌﹰﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫]ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪.[١٥٩ :‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻡ(()‪.(٨١‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳉﹶﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻴﻤﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹶﻥ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﹺﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ُﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬

‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٦٢٤ ،٤٦٢٢ :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٥٨٤ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟﺎﹺﺑ ﹺﺮ‬
‫)‪ (٨٠‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٣٣٣٠ :‬‬
‫ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬
‫אא‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺑﺎﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻗﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﱠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺷ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[١٩ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﻚﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻪ ﱂ ُﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﺣﻜﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻻ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻻﺣﺘﻮﺍ ِﺀ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻤﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﺜﺒ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻖُ ﺑﻌﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳ ﹺﻢ ُﻣ ﹾﻠ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻤﻰ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪‬؛‬ ‫ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑﻴﻘﲔﹴ؛ ﻓﻴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﰊ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻬﻤُﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴ ُﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳُ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭﻛﹸﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ﹺﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺱ ﻻ ُﺗ ﹾﻘﹺﻨﻌُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﹸﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﳎﺮ‪ُ ‬ﺩ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻔﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ( ﻭﻳﻌﱢﻠ ﹸﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺗﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻤﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻤ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺰ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪﻋﺔ؟‪،‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻳﺘﻤﻴ‪ُ ‬ﺰ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﹺﺪﻋﺔﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺘﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴﺒ‪‬ﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺍﻧﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎ َﺀ ﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻣﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺠﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﱠﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺑﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﹺﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻓﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ( ﺑﻨ ﹾﻔ ﹺ‬‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺗﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬ ﹺﺞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻓﹸﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻓﹸﻼ ‪‬ﻥ( ﻭﻳُﺴﻤ‪‬ﻲ ﺷُﻴﻮﺧ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻧﺘ‪‬ﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺳﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺗﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻟﻴﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟ ﹲ‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺩﻭﻧﺎ ﻓ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻐﻮﺍ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﺒﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ؟ ﺭﺣ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﰲ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔﺴِﻨﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺒ‪‬ﺔ؟!‬‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ ﻟﻴُﺼﺤ‪‬ﺤﻮﺍ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺗ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪﺭُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻛﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺇﲨﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ‪‬ﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹶﻞ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺎﻟﹶﻮﺍ‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺪﹶﺃ ﺍﳊ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻧُﻘﻄ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻻﺗ‪‬ﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﹾﱂ ﺗﻘﺮﹾﺃ ﻗﻮﻟﹶﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺣﱴ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷﻴ‪‬ﺌﹰﺎ{ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪[٦٤ :‬؟ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﻋﻮ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺳﻮﺍ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﺒُ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻧُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎﻫُﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﳚﻤﻌُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿﻊُ ﺍﻻﺗ‪‬ﻔﺎﻕﹺ؛ ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎ ُﺭ ُﻣ‪‬ﻨﻜﹶﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗُ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻢُ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﺍﺣُ ﹺﻢ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻀ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻟﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻭﺃﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎﺱﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻔﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ؟‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻜﻞﹸ ﻋﻠﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳚﻬﻠﹸﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻨ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓ‪‬ﺮﻗﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻙ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺗُ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺧ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ُﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻨﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﹺﺇﺗ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤ‪‬ﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٨١‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻄﱠ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ))ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٨٢ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻛﹶﺜ ﹺﲑ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻫ‪‬ﺸﺎﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔﺮُ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺑُﺮﻗﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻴﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻴﻤﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫(‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪−١‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﱠﺮﻛﻴﺐ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‪ ‬ﺷﺮﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺑﹺﺪﻋ ‪‬ﻲ؟‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﻋﹶﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳُﺮﻭﻯ ﰲ ﺗ‪‬ﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﻗ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻻ ﻳُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﻭﺭﻭ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻛﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭُﺟﻮ ُﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭُﺟﻮ ُﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ُﻭﺟُﻮ ‪‬ﻩ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪)) :[١٠٦ :‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﺾ ﻭُﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒﻪُ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٨٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ(( ﻭﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋُﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﹾﻔﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻘﺎ ِﺀ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻛﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﻓ ُﻌﺮﹺﻓﻮﺍ ﲟﺎ ﺧ‪‬ﺮﺟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻃﻮﺍﺋ ُ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻭﺍ‪‬ﻓ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻤ‪‬ﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳋﻮﺍﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ( ﻳُﺮﻳﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬‫ﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ‪) :‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻻ ﻋﻨﺎ َﺀ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻘﻮﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻬﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻫُﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﻴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳُﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ( ﻓﺼﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ُﻪ ﹶﻟﻘﹶﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ )ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﱢﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻊ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﺤﻤ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹺﺭﺍﺛ ﹰﺔ ﻻ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﹰﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎ َﺀ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺜ ُﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺻ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠﻪُ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋُ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬‫ﻱ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨٢‬ﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻠﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ ٨٩٨٦ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ ﻧﺸﺮﺓ ))ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ(( ﺍﶈﺬﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ( ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﰊ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂﹴ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹴﻢ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻟﻴﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻣ ‪‬‬‫ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﻄﱠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﻣُﻌﺎ ﹸﺫ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﺜﻨ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪُﺍﷲ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻣُ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﺳﺎ ﹴﱂ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻫﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ُﺩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺗﺴﻮﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻣﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺪﻟﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹲﻝ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﻳُﺒﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﻭﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺪﻟﻴﺲﹺ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻤ ُﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳ‪‬ﻘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜ ﹺ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﻋ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻴﻮﻃ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭ(( )‪.(٢٩١/٢‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﹸﺪﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹴﻢ ﰲ ))ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ - ١١٤٠ ،١١٣٩ :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻭﺭُ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﺰ ﹺﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟُﺒﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱﹴ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ( ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻗﹸﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻣُﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻊ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺮ ﹺﱘ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻼﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭُﺟﻮ ُﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪} ،‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭُﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﻭُﺟﻮ ُﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﻭُﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ{ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫}‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺮ ﹺﱘ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﳉﺰ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﹺﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣُﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪُ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜﺬﱠﺍﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ(( )ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٧٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﱪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳊﹶﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﺤ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹸ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺀﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﳏﻤ‪‬ﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎ ُﻋ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮُﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ‪‬‬‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺣُ ‪‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)א‬ ‫‪−٢‬‬

‫ﺱ ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺐ ﺗﺘﻤﻴ‪ُ ‬ﺰ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻛﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻑ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﹺﺦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ(‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹾﱂ ُﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻘﹶﺐ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺮﹺﻧﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﺘُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹸﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺧ ُﲑ‬ ‫ﺼ ُﺮ ُﻩ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳋﲑﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹺﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻕﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻠﻮﻧﹺﻲ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻠﻮﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻠﻮ‪‬ﻧﻬﻢ(()‪ ،(٨٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻗﺼﺮﻭ ُﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺃﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻟ ﹾﻔ ﹶ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻆ )ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎ ُﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬ ُﺞ ﻭﺍﳍﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻔ ﹸ‬
‫ﻕ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘُ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺮ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴ ﹺﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌﺪُ ﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺮُﻫﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﲟﺘﺎﺑﻌ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺴ ُﲑ ُﻩ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺗُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮ ﹺﻡ )ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺑﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺟُﺰﺋ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻞ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀَ؛ ﺑﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺎ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪‬؛ ﻟﺘﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬‫ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴ ُﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹺﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺷ‪‬ﻜﻼﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻘ ﱠﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻀ‪‬ﻤﻮ ﹲﻥ ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﺑ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺠﺰُ ﺃﻥ ﲡ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺠﺰُ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﲤﺎﺛﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺼ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺗﻌ ﹺ‬‫ﻭﺃﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﺘﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﻠﻔﻲ‪.(‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺑﺪﹺﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘ‪‬ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟ‪‬ﺬﺍ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﺪﱠﻋﻲ ﺍﳊ ﱠﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ؟‬
‫ﺿ ﹴﻞ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﻨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻨﺸ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﻬ ﹺﺞ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﰊ ﻟﺸﻴ ﹴﺦ ﻓﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻴﻨ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺳﻠﻔﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻟﻺﺧﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴﲔ؟( ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪) :‬ﻧﺼﻴﺤﱵ ﻟﻠﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺘُ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺳﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﲔ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬‫ﱀ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮﻯ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗُﻄﺎﹺﺑ ﹺﻖ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘ ﹶﺔ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻛﺬﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺒُﺘ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻮ‪‬ﻫﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟُﺒﺴ‪‬ﻄﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻸﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻘ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺘ ﹺﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺎﻭُ ﹺﺯ ﻭﺍﻻﻧ‪‬ﺤﺮﺍﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﻪُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﹶﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪‬؛ ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺁﺧ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻗﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺩ‪‬ﺓ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺎﻭُ ‪‬ﺯ ﻭﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬُﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﺍﳌﹸﺘ‪‬ﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﹺﻨﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺴ‪‬ﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻒ ﹺﳚﺐُ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻆ ﺷ‪‬ﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇ ﱠﻥ )ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ( ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ﹲ‬

‫)‪ (٨٣‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﲣﺮ ُﳚ ُﻪ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧ :‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﻴﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﹸﻜﻠﱡﻨﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﺪُ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑُﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﻴﺎ َﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺩﻋﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﺻ‪‬ﻼﺣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻨﻬ ﹺﺞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ( ﻟﻌﻠﱠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺴﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺝ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬ ﹺﺞ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ( ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ )ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖﻭ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻧﺪﺭﺟﻮﺍ ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃ ﹾﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﻄﹶﺄ ﰲ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﺞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ ﹺ‬
‫ﺻﻒُ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳛ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−٣‬‬

‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑ ‪‬ﺬ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻘﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺗﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫))ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍ ﹸﻝ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﹶﺬﹶﻟﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺗﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﻋﺔ(()‪ ،(٨٤‬ﻓﺤﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ُ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻻ ﺗﺬ ﹸﻛ ُﺮ ﺗﻼﺯُﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻧﺎﺟﻴ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﺹ ﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱟ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻴﺎُﻧ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎ ُﻋﻬُﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺠﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺟُﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺑﻠﹶﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔﻘﹶﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﻓﻠﻮ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﻓﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻔﻘﱠﻬﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ{ ]ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻮﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺧ ‪‬‬
‫‪.[١٢٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺗُ ﹾﺬ ﹶﻛﺮُ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﻕ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬‫ﻉ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ ﳎﻤﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﲰ‪‬ﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹶﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﻧﹺﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﻌُﺪﻭ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﹸﺰﺋﻴ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻅ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺋ ُﻦ ﻣﺆﻛﱢﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻛﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺟُﺰﺀﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓ ﹲﺔ ﺑﻜﻮ ‪‬ﻥ‬
‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻳُﻘﺎﺗ‪‬ﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳُﻘﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ُﺮﻫُﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺟ‪‬ﺎﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ)‪ ،(٨٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻻ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﲢ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗﺔﹸ‬

‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻃ ُﺮﹸﻗ ُﻪ ﰲ ))ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴﺤﲔ(( ﻭﻏﲑﹺﳘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (٨٤‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍ ُﻩ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ‬‫ﺚ ﻗﹸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺇﻳﺎﺱﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢١٩٣ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮ ُﺭ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﹾﻔ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻓﹶﻼ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴ ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﺰﺍﻝﹸ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ '(( ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪)) :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫُ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻑ ﺑ ﹺﻦ‬‫)‪ (٨٥‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﳍ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺟ‪‬ﺎﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٢٤٨٤ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﹶﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﻦ ﻣُﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ُ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﻻ ﻳُﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ﹸﺔ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳌ‪‬ﺘﺴِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻜﻠﱡ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻓﻼ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪)) :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑﻩُ ﺑﻜﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ((‪ ،‬ﻭﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺃﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩُﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺟﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺗﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻖ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻠﱡ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٨٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺖ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺮﺍ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﻋﻤﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺑﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﺄﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻔﺴ ُﲑ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺴﺒُﻪُ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ)‪ ،(٨٧‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺃﻭﺳ ُﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲪﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎ ﹺﺭ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺬ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍ ِﺀ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ﹾﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﰲ ﻃﻠﻴﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺒ‪‬ﲔ ﳌﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﺎ ُﺩ ‪‬ﲡﺪُ‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻞ ﻋﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺛﹸﻐﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﹺﻫﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺖﻓ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ‪‬ﺷﹾﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻟﺘ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﳌﹶﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎﻁ!‬

‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﻦﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨﲑﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺮﺍ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻇﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ُﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳُﻘﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ُﺮﻫُﻢ ﺍﳌﹶﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻝ((‪.‬‬ ‫))ﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﺰﺍﻝﹸ ﻃﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹶﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻳُﻘﺎﺗ‪‬ﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﻭﻗﱠﺎﺹﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻮﻧُﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻓﻴﺪﻝﱡ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﹸﺓ ﻧﺼﻮﺹﹴ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (١٩٢٥ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺗﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻇﺎﻫ‪‬ﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺰﺍﻝﹸ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻞﹸ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣُﻌﺎﻭﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳُﻔﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪)) :‬ﻭ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ(( ﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻣُﻌﺎ ﹸﺫ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﻞ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٧٠٢٢ ،٣٤٤٢ :‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻘ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻗﺘﺎﳍ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺟ‪‬ﺎﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﲝﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀﺪُ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ)ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺮﺏ( ﺍﻷ ﹾﻇ ‪‬ﻬﺮُ ﺃ‪‬ﻧ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ُ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﹾﺛ ُ‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬‫)‪ (٨٦‬ﺃﺧﺮ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﹶﻄﻴﺐُ ﰲ ))ﺷ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ(( )ﺹ‪ (٢٥ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣُﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ﹰﺔ((‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺗ‪‬ﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮﻕُ ﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﻞ ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣ‪‬ﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳉﹸﻤﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺿ‪‬ﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻻﻧ‪‬ﻘﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺚ ﻣ‪‬ﺮﻭﻱ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﲨﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪُﺍﷲ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺰﻳﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥﹶ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨٧‬ﺗﻔﺴ ُﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻨ‪‬ﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺪُ ﺑ ُﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺍﳌﹶﺪﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲪ ُﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒُﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ(( )‪ (٢٧ ،٢٦‬ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﻟﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻨ ُﻬ ُﻢ ﺍﳋﹶﻄﻴﺐُ ﰲ ))ﺷﺮﻑ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ُ )) :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺤﺎﺏُ ﺍﻵﺛﺎ ﹺﺭ(( ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ ﻛﺎﳌﻔﺴ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺃ ﹾﻃﹶﻠ ﹶﻘﻪُ ﻏ ُﲑ ُﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺓﹸ ﺃ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪−٤‬א‬
‫ﻼﺯﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ } :‬ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨُﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺧ ‪‬ﲑ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬ ُﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻔﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ‬‫ﻑ ﻭﺗﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺗﺆﻣﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ{ ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،[١١٠ :‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺗﺄﻣﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﹸﺧ ﹺﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﳚ ُ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﺎ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧُﺬﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻀ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﺮ ﻭﳓﻮﹺﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﺷُ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺗُ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜﺮُﻩُ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﹶﺖ‬ ‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻻ ﻳُﺪ ﹺﺭﻛﹸﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓ ‪‬ﻬﻤُﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓ ﹸﺔ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﳜﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﳜﺮﺟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺒﺪﻋ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺧﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪‬؛ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﻌُﻬُﻢُ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﲝﻘﺎﺋ ﹺﻖ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﰲ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧُﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳُﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻡُ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺋ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ُﺀ ﻳُﺪﺭﹺﻛﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ﹾﻛﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎ ُﺭ ُﻩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈﻢُ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻟﻜﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻔُﻴ ُﻪ ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﳌﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﹺﻧﺐُ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪،‬‬‫ﻉ ﻳُ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒﺲُ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻠ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﻑ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺧﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻﻧﻜﺸﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﹶﺛﺮُ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺑﻠﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺔﹸ ﺃﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﻧ‪ ‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜﺮ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻧﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺟﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﳋ ﹾﻠﻂﹸ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﱡﻜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻳﺘﺤ ﱠﻘ ُﻖ ﺑﺒﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺒﻌ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻨﺘ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟ ﹲﺔ ﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔ‪‬ﺮﻗ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻃﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ ﲢﻜﱡ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﱠﺔ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﻋﻠ ﹴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽﰲ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ُﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺇﺿﺎﻓ ﹰﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ‪ } :‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺬﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏﺮﺿ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﻜﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﻴ ﹺﻖ ﻣﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﺑ‪‬ﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ُﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ُﺭ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﻣُﺮﺍﺩﹰﺍ ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﹾﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴ ﹺﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﱢﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻟﻌﱠﻠ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻘﻮ ﹶﻥ{ ]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،[١٦٤ :‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ ﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻑُ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺖ ﺩﻋﻮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎ ُﺀ ﺑﺎﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺒﻠﻴﻎﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ﹺﻊ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﺐ ﻭﱂ ﺗُﺒﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺑﺄﺛﺮﹺﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨﹰﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻚﻓ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗُﻠ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻛﻠﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎﻧ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﻋﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗﺐُ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺌﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﺑ ﹶﺬﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺑﻜﻠﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﻠﺢُ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ُﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﺮﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬‫ﻉ ﻓﻠﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﳘﱡ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻠﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ُﺭ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﳑ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻨ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹸ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ُﻢ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻘﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻳُﺪ ﹺﺭﻛﹸﻪُ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻳﺼﹸﻠ ُﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺈﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﹺﺒﺪ‪‬ﻉ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻣ‪ُ‬ﺘ ُﻪ ﻳُﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓﹶﻼ ﳚﻮ ُﺯ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﻧﻜﺎ ُﺭ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺸﺒُﻬﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﳌﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬‫ﺽ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺷﻜ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺩﻳﹺﻨ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﱠﺔ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ﻏﻮﺍﻣ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪)) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳُﺘ ُﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﺒﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺷُﺒُﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻟﺘﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﲰ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﺣﺬﺭﻭ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ(()‪ ،(٨٨‬ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﳊ ﹶﺬﺭُ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺒُ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺟﺎﻝ‪)) :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﹶﺄ ﻣﻨﻪ )ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﹸﻬﺎ( ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺟُ ﹶﻞ ﻳﺄﺗﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﹺﺒ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺕ(()‪.(٨٩‬‬
‫ﺸﺒُﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹺﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺚﹸ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺐُ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﺎﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﳛ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ُﻋﺮﹺﻓﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻳُﺤﺬﱢﺭﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳎﺎﻟﺴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺷﺨﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺷ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﱠﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻐ ُﲑ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﳓ ُﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺼﻴ‪‬ﺒﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ! ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻳﺘﻜﱠﻠ ُﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﺘُ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﻮ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻳُ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮﺡُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳُﻠﺨ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺺ ﻳﺘﻜﱠﻠ ُﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻹﻏﺮﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳉ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻟﻴُ ﹾﻄ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﺍﻫﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺭﺳﺎﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﺎ ُﺳﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩ‪‬ﺭﻯ ﺍ ‪‬ﳌﺴ‪‬ﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﹺﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻣُﺼﻴﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ؟ ﺃﺳﹶﺄﹸﻟﻜﹸﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻌ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﻌﻮ ُﺩ ‪‬ﺗﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺔﹸ ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ؟ ﻧﺸﻜﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮ ُﻡ ﺩﻋﻮُﺗ ُﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻳ ﹶﻘﻊُ ﺑﺘﺘ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﻳُﻨﻜ‪‬ﺮﻭﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭُﺭﻭﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﺘﺒ‪‬ﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪‬ﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﺒﺪﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺗﻔﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑﺪﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈ ﹺﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳛﺬﱢﺭﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻒ ﺑﺈﻧﻜﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﹶﺄ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻘﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﳓ ُﻦ ﻓﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧﻜﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﺤ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﻓﺮﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭ ُﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳُﻨﻘﱢﺐ ﻣﺘﺘﺒ‪‬ﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻌﺜﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍ ِﺀ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹺﻞ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻟﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﺘ‪‬ﺒ ُﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺬﹶﻩ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻴﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺗﺄﻭﻳ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤ ﱠﻞ ﺍﳉﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻞﹸ ﺗﻀﻠﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ ﹴﻡ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟ‪‬ﲔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻨﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲢﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ‪‬ﺑﻠﹶﻪ ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ﹲﻞ ﻣﺜﹸﻠ ُﻪ ﻓﻀﻠﱠ ﹶﻞ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﱐ ﻭﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﺧﻮﺍُﻧ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺋﻤ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻮﻛﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻨﻌﺎ ﱠ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﹶﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﲔ ﳌﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﻟﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣُﺮﻣﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﻣﺜﺎﻟ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻉﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺟﺪُ ﰲ ﺃﺗﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﹺﺒ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺳﻘﺎ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺭﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻴُ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺿُﻌﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹾﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱠﰒ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉﹸﺮﺃﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺘﺘ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻊ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﺒ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺳﻘﺎ ﹲ‬
‫ﺱ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﺘ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﹺﳚﺪُ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُ‬

‫)‪ (٨٨‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﲣﺮ ُﳚ ُﻪ )ﺹ‪.(٩٢ :‬‬

‫ﲪﺪُ )‪ (٤٤١ ،٤٣١/٤‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ‪ (٤٣١٩ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻃﹶﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺣُ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻫﻼﻝﹴ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺩﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ َﺀ‬ ‫)‪ (٨٩‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪُ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﻦﹴ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹶﻥ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ُﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ُﺩ ُﻩ ﺻ‪‬ﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ُ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫‪−٥‬א‬
‫ﺲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻂ ﻟﻠﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﻘﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺗﺴﻠﻴ ﹲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﳛﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻹﻋﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮ ‪‬ﺟﺪُ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫ﺝ ﲢﹶﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﱪﻯ ﺍﻟﱠﱵ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻮ ‪‬ﺟﺪُ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ُﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴ ﹺﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺷﺮ ُﺣ ُﻪ ُﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ﹴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺑﺸﺮﻃ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲨﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺧﲑ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣُﻨﻈﱠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴ ﹺﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳊﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺤ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﳊ ﹶﺬ ﹺﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹸﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻆ ﺍﻟﻮﻻ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﳉﻤﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻼﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ‪‬ﲝ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺁﻓ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗ ﹲﺔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﻭﺇﻳﺎ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭ ُﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺡ ﺃﺫﺍ ُﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﹺﳚ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﱪ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺻُﺤ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﻬُ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬‫ﻳﻮﺻﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻮﻧ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ُﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ُﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﹺﻧ ﹺﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧ ﹾﻔ ُ‬‫ﺴُﺘ ُﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﳋﹶﻠ ﹺﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﹺﻧ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻧﺼﻴﺤ‪‬ﺘﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻧﻘﻠﹶﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﻜﺸ‪‬ﻔﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺭﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻴﻔﻀﺤﻮ ُﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﻐ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺇﺻﻼ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒُﻬﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﹾﺜ ﹸﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﺤﺔ )ﻓﻀﻴﺤ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺼ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺎ ُﻭ ُﺯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺬ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺍﻭ‪ ‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﲨﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﹺﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﳐﺎﻟ‪‬ﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﳚ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻟﻐﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕﲢ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭﺃﺫﺍ ُﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳُﻮﺍ‪‬ﻗﻌُﻪُ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻓﻘ‪‬ﻨﺎﻋُﻪُ ﻣﻜﺸﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻠﹶﺒﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺝ ﺻﺤﻴﺢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺳﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﹸﺪﻭﺍﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﻋﻈ ُﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺫﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋ ﹶﻈﻤُﻪُ ﺃﺫﻯ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺫﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
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‫ﻕ ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧ‪‬ﺘﻢُ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﺬﻛ ﹺﲑ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﻮﺍ ﹺﻝ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺨُﻼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺣﺪﺓﹸ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺠﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗ ﹸﺔ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳍﻼ ‪‬ﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﺟﻌ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﺘﺒﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺼ‪‬ﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻨﻬُﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳُﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﹸﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝﹺ؛ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُ‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎُﺑ ُﻪ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛﻢ‪ ‬ﺧُﻠﻔﺎﺅ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺷﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺍﻷﻣ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺲ ‪ ‬ﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﻴ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎ َﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄﹶﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺫ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻓ‪‬ﻌﻼﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳُﺴﺒ‪ُ ‬‬‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٥‬ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗ ﹸﺔ ﹸﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﺎ ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﹸﺮﻭ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐ ُﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺝ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺴﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺫﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﲢﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋ ُﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔ ﹸﺔ ﻷﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺪﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣ ﹸﺔ ﺩﻣﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﻔﻌ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻭ ُﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﳋ ﹺﲑ ﳍ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻧﺼﻴﺤُﺘ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﲪ ﹸﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳُﺴﺒ‪ُ ‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﹶﺮ ﻭﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳ ُﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻭﻻ ُﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺩﺍﻋﻴ ﹰﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺘﺄﻭﻳ ﹴﻞ ﻓﺜﺎﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭﺗﺰﺩﺍ ُﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ؛ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺆ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺘﺤﺬﻳ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻀﻞﱡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺃﻣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻨ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ُﻣﹺﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻻ ﻓﻼ ﺗُﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﻋﻮُﺗ ُﻪ ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ‬‫ﲔ ﻭﺣﻴﻠﻮﻟ ﹰﺔ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﲤﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ ُﻩ ﻭﺫ ﹾﻛ ُﺮ ﺿﻼﻟﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﺑﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻀ‪ ‬ﺮ ُﺭ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳُﺨﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺼﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳُﺠﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺯُ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ُﺭ ﺣﺎﺟﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳛﻞﱡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺃﻫﻠﹸﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺸﻔﱢﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺑﻞ ﺑﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻮﺍﻓ‪‬ﻘ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣُﺨﺎﻟ‪‬ﻔ ﹰﺔ ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ٨‬ﻻ ﳛﻞﱡ ﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳُ ﱢﱰ ﹶﻝ ﻓﺮﻗ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲟﻄﹶﻠ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻹﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘ ُﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻳ ُﻖ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﲰﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﻔﹸﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﺘﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ُﻢ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻛﻞﱢ ﺳﺒ ﹴ‬ ‫‪-٩‬ﳚ ُ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻴُﻨ ُﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ - ١٠‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌُﻈﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻋﺼﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺰﺑﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﺒﻌُﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺘﺎﻣﺎﹰ؛ ﺃﺳﺄ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺫﻛﺮﻯ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺑﺮ‪‬ﻯ ُﺀ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﻟ ﹺﻞ ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺬﻛﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻨﻤُﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮﻣُﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﺘﻐﻔ ُﺮ ُﻩ ﻭﺃﺗﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ‪‬‬

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