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area analysis
Refilwe Matshitse
Introduction
BET
Gas adsorption or Nitrogen adsorption
Q Ads
P/Po
No adsorbate-adsorbate interaction
5
BET Theory Basic Principle Cont.
Homogeneous surface
No lateral interactions between molecules
Uppermost layer is in equilibrium with vapour phase
First and Higher layer: Heat adsorption
All surface sites have same adsorption energy for
adsorbate
Adsorption on the adsorbent occurs in infinite layers
The theory can be applied to each layer
5
Basic Principle Cont.
Pore classification
Pore size
5
Basic Principle Cont.
Adsorption Mechanism
Capillary
Monolayer Multilayer condensation
5
Sample preparation
7
BET Equipment Experimental
Gas lines
Data
Degassing collector
Port
Heating
mantle
8
Results
Presentation of data
Surface Pore
Sample area size
(m2/g) (nm)
SiO2 25.7 100
Q Ads
SiO2/Al2O3 215.5 11
P/Po
Graphically Tabulated
9
Results-Cont
6 types of adsorption isotherm
Type I
Concave to P/Po axis
na approaches limiting value as
Amount adsorbed (n)
P/ Po → 1
Microporous solids
Type II
Unrestricted mono-multilayer
adsorption
B indicates complete monolayer
coverage
Non-porous or macroporous
Relative Pressure (P/Po) 10
Preliminary Results-Cont
Graphene oxide Type III
Convex to P/Po axis
Not common
Amount adsorbed (n)
Adsorbate-adsorbate interactions
Type IV
Hysterisis loop
Capillary condensation that occurs
in a mesopores
Limit uptake of high P/Po
Initial loop = mono-multilayer
adsorption
Relative Pressure (P/Po) 2nd loop= desorption 11
Preliminary Results
Type V
Not common
Amount adsorbed (n)
Weak adsorbate-adsorbate
interactions
Porous adsorbents
Type VI
Sharpness of peaks depends on
the system and T
Stepwise multilayer adsorption on
a uniform non-porous surface
Relative Pressure (P/Po) 12
Application
PluS nanoparticles PluS nanoparticles linked Porphyrin
80
1200
75
1000 70
800 65
60
600
55
400
50
200 45
0 40
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Relative Pressure (P/Po) Relative Pressure P/Po
14
Application
14
Acknowledgements
Prof T. Nyonkong
Dr J. Briton
Muthumuni
Rhodes University
NRF
17