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1
Old Testament Miracles Supported By Archaeology
• Kathleen Kenyon 1952-1958
The city had been sieged. The city was strongly fortified as was
Jericho in the biblical account (Joshua 2:5, 7, 15; 6:5, 20). The
attack had occurred just after the harvest time (Joshua 2:5, 7,
15). The siege was short as was evidenced by the abundance
of food within the city (Joshua 6:1). The walls of the city had
been leveled in such a way as to allow invaders to literally walk
up into the city (Joshua 6:20). The city was not plundered
(Joshua 6:17-18). The city was burned (Joshua 6:24).
• Kenyon, however, dated the attack to 1550 B.C. solely on the
lack of a certain type of imported pottery common in that era.
• Bryant Wood 1990 states that the pottery Kenyon was referring
to was found by Garstang and himself. Kenyon missed the
evidence because she excavated in such a small area.
• Wood published the results of carbon 14 dating of charcoal
found at the site that dated to 1410 B.C. plus or minus 40
years. (Wood, Bryant, "Jericho," Biblical Archaeology Review.
March/April 1990.)
Sennacherib’s Prism
Sennacherib 705 B.C. -681 B.C
Sennacherib’s Prism
Taylor’s prism discovered in Nineveh in 1830 by
British Colonel R.Taylor.
Prism: It contains the recounting of 8 different
enemies that Sennacherib laid siege to. There are no
mentions of any defeats in any Assyrian writings.
Interestingly, the prism ends with the shutting up of
King Hezekiah in Jerusalem, but goes no further!
Herodotus: "...that night a multitude of field mice
swarmed over the Assyrian camp and devoured
their quivers and their bows and the handles of their
shields likewise, insomuch that they fled the next
day unarmed and many fell." Book II. 141.
Egyptian sources make mention of Sennacherib’s defeat in
the conflict with Judah as well, but give the credit for the
victory to an Egyptian god.
2
Defeating Circular Reasoning
About The Resurrection
Corroborating
Evidence
Realize: We have
proven the Bible to be
the Word of God!
3
1. Motive Saul Became Paul
Six Areas That Separated The Jews:
1. Sabbath
2. Circumcision
3. Sacrifices
4. Dietary Laws
5. Messiah of Glory (non-suffering Messiah)
6. Monotheism
Colossians 2:16-17 So let no one judge you in food or in
drink, or regarding a feast day or a new moon or sabbaths,
which are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of
Christ.
Galatians 5:6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor
uncircumcision means anything, but faith working through
love.
1st Corinthians 1:23 …but we preach Christ crucified….
2. Corroborating
Secular Sources
Tacitus senator and historian of Rome (56-117 AD)
• Annals
• Histories
“Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite
tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called
Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name
had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of
Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius
Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked
for the moment, again broke out not only in Judea, the first
source of the evil, but even in Rome…” (Tacitus, Annals,
15.44).
1. Christ existed 4. During reign of Tiberius
2. Christ was crucified 5. Pontius Pilate Existed
3. Christians followed Him 6. Resurrection mentioned
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2. Corroborating Josephus Attests to Jesus’
Resurrection
Titus Flavius Josephus (Joseph son of Matthias)
About this time there lived Jesus, a wise man, if indeed one
ought to call him a man. For he was one who wrought
surprising feats and was a teacher of such people as accept the
truth gladly. He won over many Jews and many of the Greeks.
He was the Christ. When Pilate, upon hearing him accused by
men of the highest standing among us, had condemned him to
be crucified, those who had in the first place come to love him
did not give up their affection for him. On the third day he
appeared to them restored to life, for the prophets of God had
prophesied these and countless other marvelous things about
him. And the tribe of Christians, so called after him, has still to
this day not disappeared (Josephus, The Antiquities, 18.63-64).
I have asked them if they are Christians, and if they admit it, I
repeat the question a second and a third time, with a warning
of the punishment awaiting them…They also declared that
the sum total of their guilt or error amounted to no more than
this: they had met regularly before dawn on a fixed day to
chant verses alternately amongst themselves in honor of
Christ as if to a god, and also to bind themselves by oath, not
for any criminal purpose, but to abstain from theft, robbery,
and adultery…(Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96).
1. Christians existed
2. They believed Jesus was God
3. Their beliefs made them abstain from immorality
2. Corroborating Phlegon
Luke 23:44-45a It was now about the sixth hour and darkness
fell over the whole land until the ninth hour, because the sun
was obscured…
Matthew 27:45 Now from the sixth hour darkness fell upon all
the land until the ninth hour…
Matthew 27:54 Now the centurion, and those who were with
him keeping guard over Jesus, when they saw the
earthquake…
Phlegon wrote Olympiads which chronicles the Greek games
from 776 B.C. to 137 A.D. in 16 books.
This phenomenon, evidently, was visible in Rome, Athens, and
other Mediterranean cities. According to Tertullian…it was a
“cosmic” or “world event.” Phlegon, a Greek author from Caria
writing a chronology soon after 137 A.D. reported that in the
fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad (i.e., 33 A.D.) there was “the
greatest eclipse of the sun” and that “it became night in the
sixth hour of the day (noon) so that stars even appeared in the
heavens. There was a great earthquake in Bithynia, and many
things were overturned in Nicaea” (Paul Maier, Pontius Pilate,
101).
5
Summary Slide of Secular Corroboration
What can we say about Jesus from Josephus, Phlegon, Pliny
the Younger, and Tacitus?
Secular Bible
Jesus existed New Testament
Jesus was crucified Matthew 27:35-56
Jesus crucified during reign of Tiberius Luke 3:1
Jesus crucified under Pontius Pilate Matthew 27:2
Three hours of darkness during crucifixion Matthew 27:45
Earthquake during crucifixion Matthew 27:54
Jesus crucified in 33 A.D. Daniel 9:24-26
Belief in Jesus’ resurrection 1st Corinthians 15
Christians believed Jesus was God Titus 2:13
10. Christians abstained from immoral acts Ephesians 5:3
6
The Testimony of The Empty Tomb!
Acts 2:23-31 (Peter preaching Christ) …this Man, delivered
over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you
nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put Him to
death. But God raised Him up again…For David says…You
will not abandon my soul to hades, nor allow your holy one
to undergo decay…Brethren, I may confidently say to you
regarding the patriarch David that he both died and was buried,
and his tomb is with us to this day. And so because he was a
prophet…he looked ahead and spoke of the resurrection of
Christ…
Why didn’t the Jewish leaders produce the body?
Why didn’t they arrest the disciples for grave robbing?