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- Guidelines for Chamber Quantiiicatinn

Adapted from: Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Peilikka PA.
Plcard MH, Roman MJ, Seward J, Shanew|se J, Solomon S. Spencer KT, St. John Sutton M.Slewarl W.
Re c omme nda tions for Chamber Q u a n m l c a t i o n . J Am Soc Echocardiogr (Dec. 05).

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LV Di|Tl€l'IS'Ol1S
Measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (EDD)
and end-systolic diameter (ESD) from M-mode, guided by a
parasternal short axis image (upper left) to optimize medial-
lateral beam orientation.

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length (AL) formula andthe
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long or semi-major axis from widest minor axis radius to apex, b is the short-
axis radius (back calculated from the shon-axis cavity area), and d is the
truncated semimajor axis from widest short-axis diameter to mitral annulus
plane. Assuming a circular area, the radius (b) is computed and mean wall
thickness (t ) derived from the short-axis epicardial and cavity areas.

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apical two-chamber (A2C) views at ventricular end-systole
(maximum LAsize). The length (L) is measured from the back
wall tothe line across the hinge points of the mitral valve. The
shorter (L) from either the A40 or A2C is used in the equation.
Biplane method of discs, using the apical four-chamber (A4C)
and apical two-chamber (A2C) views at ventricular end-systole
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Measurement of aortic root diameter at the sinuses of

Valsava from 2-D parasternal long-axis image. (Top)
95% confidence intervals for aortic root diameter at the
sinuses ot Valsalva based on body surface area in: children
and adolescents (A), adults aged 20 to 39 years (B), and
adults aged 40 years or more (C). (Bottom)
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Adapted from: Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kramer»Fox R. O'Lough|in J. Two~dimensionaI
Echocardiographic Aortic Root Dimensions in Normal Children and Adults. AmJ Cardiol
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Guidelines for the Evaluation of Valvular Regurgilation

Adapted from: WA, Ennquez-Sarano M. Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, Nihoyannopoulos P,
no CM, Q u m o n e s MA. Fiakowski H, Slewarl WJ. Waggener A, Weissman NJ.
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Flecommendatlons for Evaluation of The Severity ol Native Valvular Flegurgitation with
Two~DimensaonaI and Doppler Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardlogr. 2003 Ju|;16(7):777-802.
Flecomrnendahons endorsed by the American College ol Cardiology, the American Hearl Association,
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Adapted from: Shanewlse JS, Che ung AT. Arcnscn S, Siewari WJ, Welss RL, Mark JB,
Savage RM, Sears-Rogan P, Mathew JP. Q u i n o n e s MA, Cahalan MK, a nd Savino JS.
ASE/SCA Guideiines for Performing a Comprehensive Intraoperative Multiplane Transesophageal
Echocardiography Examlnation J Am Soc Echocardiogv 1999 Oct; 12(10); 884-900,

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve

Adapted from: Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bemleio J, Chambers JB, Evangelism A,
Gnffin BP, lung B, Otto CM, Pellikka PA, Quir ione s M.
Echocardiographic Assessment 0( Valve Stenosis: EAEIASE Recommendations for Clinicai Practim.
Eur J Echocardiogr and J Am Soc Echocxardiogr 2009.

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, & ASE¢r;:;':_~,r:s;f.‘.r;‘f Annum'
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M s m m m l o f w m Stenosis Page 1 : # 6
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Findings indicative of
hemodynamically signifi c a nt t ri cuspi d s t e nos i s
l s p eci n c Findings
Mean p res s u re gradient
l
infl ow time velocity integral
lzsmmng
> 6 0 cm
l Ti/2
valve area by c ontinuity e qua tion
z 190 ms
51cm
supportive Findings
Enlarged right atrium 2 moderate
Dilated interior vena cava

Stroke volum e derived from left or right ventricular

outflow. in t h e presence of more t h an mild tricuspid
regurgitation, the derived vatve area will be underestimated.
Nevertheless u va lue s 1 c m’ imP lies a s''Q nificant
hemodynamic burden Imposed b y t h e c om bine d lesion.

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 AS E Am e r ic a n So ciety of
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H m r r & Cirrululiwn l l l l m m u n d s peri al i s rs

lmriié

wats reco rd i n g a n d measurement

for AS qua ntita tion
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CSA.
‘ Ma ximum m u n i t y

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s r n o m h vsliwsf y survs with a
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ve loc ity.

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Measures of AS s everity obtained by

Doppler-echocardiography
Formula I Cutoff
Units roy Concept Adva ntages
Method Severe
AS jet mls Direct 4.0 Dlrect
velocity measurement of
as
velocity measurement
st e nosi
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S9 V efl fy INCYBSSE.
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fl ow
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native aortic valve instead of V'Tls.
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%.
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Velocity ratio >0.50 0.25'o.50 <0 25

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E m Assessment of Vaive Stenosls Page 4 of 6
_
AS E A m e ri c a n So ciety of
Ech o card io g rap h y

Data recording a nd measurement

in routine use fo r mltral ste nosls quantitation
um vla mm n e w r a in g ueasummem
P nnim m y _a m r m i n e mew a l n u t _mm-»ur orma:mm mitral
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Mitral flow -_c ontinuous- wa ve Doppler

a p i u l wmaows c f m .
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 AS E
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H em erc m u l u m m u l r m r m r a spmarrsrs

Echocardiographic Evaluation of
or
LVDiastolic Function
Adapted lrom. Nagueh SF. Appleton CP. Glllebert TC, Marino PN. Oh JK. Smlsetn OA, Waggener/XD, Flacnskampl FA,
Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Dlastolrc Function by Echocardiography,
Eur J Ecnocarcirogr an d J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009

LVand LA Pressures in Normal

a n d Abnormal Diastolic Function
Normal EDP
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Poster ordering information and full text ot ASE guideline documents available at: U l r l i l c h a o l g
Design and illustration by medmovie.com © Copyright 2009 The American Society of Echocardiography

www.asecho.ofg Echocardiographic Evaluation of LVDiastolic Function Page 1 ot 8

 AS E A merican So ciety of
Ech o card io g rap h y
H e u n sf Circulurion Ul rms o u n d s p n i a l i n x

Relation of Mitral Inflow and TD

Veiocities with LVand LA Pressures

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 '

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Differentiation of Constrictive Pericarditis

from Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Constriction Restriction

Sep tal Motion Resp ir ato r y shift Normal

Mitral EIA ratio >1.5 >1.5

Mitral DT (ms) <160 <160

Mitral inflow resp irato ry Usually present Absent

variation
Explratory diastolic inspiratory diastolic
Hepatic vein Do p p ler fl ow reversal fl ow reversal

Mitral s eptal annulus e' >7 cm ls <7 cmls

Mitral lateral a nnulus e’ Lower than s eptal e' Higher than s eptal e'

Ventricular se p ta l s train Usu ally normal Reduced

i a m

vwvvmasecho.orQ Echocardiographic Evaluation of LVDiastolic Function P age 5 of 8

AS E A m e r ic a n So ciety of
Ech o car d io g r ap h y
H eu rt 81Ci rcul at i on Ul t ras o u n d S pecialist:

\ _ /

\ _ /
 1 AS E A merican S ociety uf
Ech o card io g rap h y
I Heurt AfCirculaliun Ul t ras ound Specialists

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www.wecho.ovg Echooartiographic Evalxation of LVDiaslolic Function P age 7 of 8

 '

AS E Am e r ic a n So ciety of
Ech o card io g rap h y
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www.asecho.org Echocardrographic Evaluation 01 LVD\aslohc Funchon Page 8 of 8

 1
AS E A merican So ciety of
Ech o card io g rap h y
H m n & Ci rcul ari un Ul t rasound Specialists

M
~ Evaiudion of Prosthetic Vllhrn with
Echocardiography and Dapplor Uiimmmnd
Adapied from Zughbi WA. Chambers JB, Dumesnrl JG, Foster E, Gottdiener JS. Grayburn PA, Khandheria BK, Levine RA, Marx GFI, Miiief FA,
Nakatani S, Ouinones MA, Fiakowski H, Rodriguez LL, Swamrnathan M, WaggonerAD. Weissman NJ, Zabalgoiiia M,
Recommendations for Evaluation oi Prosthetic Valves with Echocardiography and Doppler Ultrasound,
J Am Soc Echocardxogr 2009 Sept. 22(9) 975-1014
This ASE guideline document was e ndor se d by the Arriencan Coliege ol Cardiology Foundation, Amencan Heart Association,
European Association orEchocardiography. a registered branch oi European Society of Cardioiogy,
Canadian Socieiy oi Echocardiography, an d J ap an es e Society oi Echocardiography.

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Parameters
Clinical information Date, type, and size of
replacement valve
Height, weight, and body
surface area
Symptoms and related
clinical Endings
Blood pressure and heart rate
Imaging of the valve Motion of leaflets or occluder
Structure and integrity of valve
and sewing ring
Doppler echocardiography
of the valve Contour of the jet velocity signal
Peak velocity and
mean gradient
Velocity-time integral (VTI) of
the jet
Doppler velocity index (DVI)
Pressure half-time (PHT) in
mitral and tricuspid valves
Effective orifice area (EOA)
Presence, location, and severity
v3;; of regurgitation
55,: Comparison
with previous Comparison of above parameters
post-operative study, helpful in suspected valvular
yy »..»
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CW Doppler @

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Effectlve Or|f|ce Area = CSA xv-rl

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Aortic Valves

etic Aortic Valve

Furlction in
ad Biological Valves

Normal P ossible S ie nosls Sugge sts Signifi cant S le nosis

Peak velocity w < 3 m/s 3 - 4 rn/s > 4 mls
Mean gradient w < 20 mmHg 20 -35 mmHg >3 5 mmHg
2 0.30 0 , 2 9 -0 25 < O 25
Effective orifice area > 1.2 cm? 1 2 0 8 cmf
» < O 8 ern?

Triangular, Early Triangular to Rounded, symmetrical contour

peaking Intermediate
< 8O m s 80 -100 ms > 100 ms

Obstrucied

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Doppler Parameters of
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S u g g ests
Normal*
Signifi c a *nt
P o s s .bl
Sten°s's
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Stenosis
1 , 9 - 2.5 mls 2 2.5 mls
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Peak velocity w < 1.9 m/s

. Mean gra die nt w S 5 mmHg 6 - 10 mmHg > 10 mmHg
2.2 - 2 , 5
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VTIWVNTI we W < 2.2 > 2.5

EOA 2 2.0 cm2 1 -2 cm2 <1 cm?
Pressure half-time < 130 ms 130 - 200 ms > 200 ms
` Best
specificity for normality or abnormality is seen il the majority ol the parameters
listed are normal or abnormal, respectively.
WSlightly higher cut-offs are seen in some bioprosthetic valves; these parameters are
also abnormal in the presence of signiicant prosthetic mitral regurgitation. Ev
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Flow masking in mechanical valves from t h e transthoracic appr oach

can hinder assessment of pr osthetic mitral regurgitation
Transthoracic T ra nse sopha ge a l

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Findings Sugge st i ve of Significant Prosthetic _ W

Mitral Regurgitation by 'ITE in Mechanical Srl

Valves with Normal Pressure Half-time

-- Peak mitral velocity 21.9m/s \

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Mean gradient 2 5mmHg
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Findings S u sp e c tin g
Prosthetic Tricuspid Stenosis

Prosthetic Valve Consi der Valve

Stenosis‘

Peak velocity a> > 1.7 mls

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Mean gradient m 2 6 mmHg

Pressure half-time 2 230 ms

* Because ol respiratory variation, average at l east 5 cycles ; r

® May be increased also with concomitant valvular regurgitation r

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me Pulmonic Values
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Findings Suspecting
Prosthetic Pulmonic Stenosis
° Cusp or leaftet thickening or

- immobility

Narrowing of forward color map

Peak velocity through the
prosthesis > 3 rn/s, or > 2 mls
through a homograft

Increase in peak velocity on serial

studies 3

Impaired RV function or elevated

RVsystolic pressure

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AS E Am er ir aii So ciety ul
kclxoczirtliography
H ear t Alt Circulation Ul l rasound Sp eci al i s t s

Guidelines for t h e Echocardiographic

Assessment o f t h e Right Heart in Adults
Adapted lr om , Fiudski LG Lai WW. Afilalo J. Hua L Haridscriumaolier MD. Charidrasekarari K. Solomon S D ,
Louie EK. Schiller NB Guidelines ior the Echocardiograptirc Assessment ol the Right Heart in Adults
A Report from the American Society ol Echocardiography J Arri Soc Echocardiogr 2 0 i 0 ; 2 3 ' 6 8 5 -7 1 3 .

_ Guidelines tor th e Echocardiographic

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» r

Ir.,,.`f..`..t;.Qf..{, Assessm en t of th e Right Heart in Adults

s ys mi i n Fu n ctio n

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Poster ordering information an d lull text of ASE guideline d o c u m e n ts available at: www.asecho.org/guidelines
The information on these pages doe s riot constitute the oiierlrig of medical advice by ASE.
and should not be used as the sole basis to make medical practice decisions.
Design and illustration by me dmovie c om e` Copyright 2010 The American Society oi Echocardiography
Guidelines for the Echocaidiographic
Wwwasecho ‘"9 Assessment o fth e Right Heart in Adults page 1 of 8
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Variable Abnormal
A. RV Basal (RVD1) > 4.2 cm
RV Mid (RVD2) > 3.5 cm
RV Longitudinal (RVD3) > 8.6 cm

B. RVOT PLAX proximal > 3.3 cm

C, RVOT PSAX distal > 2.7 cm

D. RV Wall T hicknes s > 0.5 cm

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Tracing of the right atrium (RA) is Inferior vena cava (IVC) view.
performed from the plane of the Measurement of the IVC. The rf
l
tricuspid annulus (TA), along the diameter (solid line) is measured
interatrial septum (IAS), superior perpendicular to the long axis of r,
r.
and antero-lateral walls of the RA. the IVC at end expiration, just ‘i
lr
The RA major dimension is proximal to the junction of the
measured from the TA center to hepatic veins that lie l ':
the superior RA wall, and the RA approximately 0.5-3.0 cm
minor dimension is measured proximal to the ostium of the right
from the anterolateral wall to the atrium (RA).
IAS, as indicated by the yellow
arrows.
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Variable Abnormal
RA Major Dimension >5.3 cm
RA Minor Dimension >4.4 cm

RA End-Syslolic Area >18 cm?

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TCO = Time from *closure to opening of tricuspid valve

ET = Ejection time
ICT = lsovolumetric contraction time
IRT = Isovolumetric relaxation time
ED = End-diastole
ES = End-systole
RVMPI = Right ventricular myocardial performance index

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Figure D adapted from Assessment of the Right Ventricle

by Echocardiography: A Primer for Cardiac Sonographers,
J AM Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22:776-792.

Variable Abnormal
A. TAPSE <1_6 cm

B_ Pulsed Doppler peak velocity at the annulus (S') <10 cm/s

C. FAC (%) <35%
DAPuised Doppler |v|P| >o.4o ‘
E. Tissue Doppler MPI >O.55
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He/zr1& Ci rcul al i on Ultrasound Sp eci al i s t s

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RCA: Posterior Descending Arte
RCA: Acute Marginal Branch
RCA: Conus Branch
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SPAP = 4(TRVma><)2 + RAP

Abnormal >35-40mm Hg

mPAP = 4(Ear|y PI ve|ocity)2 + RAP

mPAP = 1/3 sPAP + 2/3 dPAP SPAP =

'

artery pressure
V
mPAP = 79 - 0.45 x Acceleration Time mPAP =
'

artery
Abnormal 2 25mm Hg dp/xp =
artery
dPAP = 4(End Pr ve|ocny>2 + RAP RAP = Right atrial pressure

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Right Atrial Putnam

on
Estimation of RApressure the basis of IVC diameter and collapse
Variable Normal Intennediate High
(0-5 (3) mmHg) ( 5-10 (8) mmHg) (15 mmHg)
IVC diameter $2.1 cm S 2.1 cm >2.1 cm > 2_1 Cm

Collapse with sniff >50% <50% >50% < 50%

Secondary - Restrictive tilling

indices of -Tricuspid EIE’ >6
elevated RA -Diastolic flow
pressure predominance in HV
"
Ranges are provided for low and intermediate categories; however, for
simplicity, a mid-range value of 3 mmHg for “normal” and 8 mmHg for
“intermediate” are suggested. Intermediate (8 mmHg) RApressures may be
downgraded to normal (3 mmHg) if no secondary indices of elevated RA
pressure are present, upgraded to high ifminimal collapse with sniff (<35%)
and secondary indioes of elevated RApressure are present, or left as 8 mmHg
if uncertain.
lVC = Inferior vena cava; RA=Right atrium; HV= Hepatic veins

E:A E:E' Deceleration Time Additional Findings

Normal 0.8-2.1 <6 >120ms -
`

:§'|’:;;‘§§;n <o.a <6 >120ms

Diastolic flow
Pseudonormal 0.8-2.1 >6 >120ms predominance in
HV
Late diastolic
Restrictive >2.1 >6 <120ms antegrade flow
in PA

Guidelines lor the Echocardiographic P ag e 8 O' 8

wWw’a5eCh°'°r9 Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults
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Parameters for Evaluation of the r

Severity of Prosthetic Aortic Valve Regurgitation
r

Parameters Mild Moderate Severe

Valve structure and motion Usually normal Abnormal iv Abnormal ~v

Mechanical or Bioprosthetic
Structural parameters
Normal or mildly
LVsize Norma' ° dilated o
Dilated o

Doppler Parameters
(Qualitative or Semi-
Quantitative)
Jet width in central jets Narrow, Intermediate, Large,
LVO diameter) - Color* (s 25%) (26% -64%) (2 65%)
Jet density - CW Incomplete or
faint
Dense Dense
Jet deceleration rate Slow Variable Steep
(PHT, ms) - CW§ (> 500) (200-500) (<200)
LVO flow compared to Slightly Greatly
pulmonary flow PW - increased
Intermediate
increased
Diastolic flow reversal in the Absent or brief
descending aorta PW _ early diastolic
Intermediate
Prominent,
holodiastolic
Doppler Parameters
(Quantitative)
Regurgitant Volume < 30 ml/beat -
30 59 ml/beat 3 60 ml/beat
, f ,
Regurgilant Fraction < 30% -
30 50% 3 50%

i.z<'~/,,fi<z?>:;';‘/-;f,i r WAbnomiel mecnenloel valves; eg, immobile oocluder (valvular regurgitation), denisoenoe or rocking (paravslvular
i-//,,,,,,¢>,i,~,r,, iv, regurgitation); Abnormal biological valves: eg. Leatlet thickening or pmlapee (vat/utar), dehisoenoe or rocking
ii/‘/-iii
ir'*i>°//rriiiaiféma'
, / /,, r /fi
(pafavalvular regurgitation)
° Parameter
applicable to oentraljets and is less accurate in eccentric jets; Nyquist limit ot 50-60 cmls
§ lrmuenosd by LVcompliance
GtApplies to chronic, late postoperative ARIn the absence of other etlologles
CW= continuous wave Doppler; LV= tell ventricle; LVO =left ventricular outflow tract; PHT = pressure halt-lime; PW=
I
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pulsed weve Doppler.

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Nonnali Doppler Echo0amiogmphlc Values for

Selected Prosthetic Aortic Valves
Vllvi Sin
mx gnaum nun g m n m :umm anna
(MMM) 1IM\H1l) aral em f)
21U 2 1.8 1 2 2 0 .3
21.4 2 4.2 11.1 2 3.5 1.320 3
ATS AP 15.7 2 8.3 10.5 24. 5 1 . 7 Q0 . 4
Billallll 15.1 2 5.5 7.5 2 3.1 2.0206
5.02 2.0 2 . 1 Qo . A
21 38. 92119 21.0 2 3.4 1 . 1 Q0 . 3
23 2852111 15.7 2 5 3 1 .3 2 0 3
Bjofk-Shllly 25 2 3 .7 2 0 1 13.0 2 5.0 1.5204
Smgle ultmg disc 27 10.0 2 2.0 1.6203
19 43.5 2 12.7 25.6 2 8.0 0.9202
21 27.7 2 7.6 17.3 2 6.2 1 5 2 0 .3
Carponthv Edwards 23 28.9 2 7.5 16.1 2 6.2 1720.5
Sh n d l l i Z5 24.0 2 7.1 12.9 2 4.5 1 3 2 0 .5
Sbmed pomme 27 22.1 2 8.2 12.1 2 5.5 2.3205
29 9.9 2 2 9 2 .0 2 0 5
21 14.5 2 4.1 1 3 2 0 .4
Hancock 1| 23 34.0 2 13.0 16.6 2 8.5 13 20.4
Slsnled poraine 25 22.0 2 5.3 10.8 2 2.8 1520.4
29 15.2 2 1.5 8.2 2 17 18 20.2
19 13.02 3.9
21 9.1 2 5.1 1.420.3
lhétronlc F m u t y h 23 11.0240 8.1 Q 4.6 1120.5
Slsnhess 25 5 3 2 3.1 2.1s0.5
27 4.6 2 3,1 2520.1
21 25.9 2 10.5 14.1 2 5 9 1.120.2
23 26.9 2 8 9 13.5 2 4.9 1 .4 2 0 4
I kdf m nlc H111 25 17 1 2 7.0 9.5 2 4.3 1. 5! 0. 5
sn-lg/e :ming msc 27 15.9 2 9.7 5.7 2 5.0 1.9202
21 14.2 2 5.0 1 4 2 0 .4
23 23.52110 13.72 4.5 1.5204
naman m u l e 25 22.52100 11.72 5 1 1,820.5
s l e m a mum 27 10 4 2 4.3 1920.1
29 11.1 2 4.3 2.1202
23 32 6 2 12 B 22.0 2 9.0 1,120.2
24 34.1 Q 10 :1 22.1 2 7.5 1.12 0 3
sun enum 26 31.3 Q 9.0 19.7 2 6.1
caga-1 mu 27 30 B 2 6 3 10.5 2 3.7
29 2 9 . 0 Q 9.3 16.3 2 5.5
19 20.5 2 12 0 11.0 x 4 B 1,620.4
21 15.6 2 9.4 8.0 2 4 .8 2 .0 2 0 7
81J u d e Msdlcal Ragem 23 12.8 2 6 B 6.9 3 3.5 2 .3 2 0 9
Biloansl 25 11 7 2 6.8 5.6 2 3.2 2 5 2 0 .5
27 7.9 2 5.5 3.5 2 1 7 3 3 2 0 .5
19 42.0 Q 10.0 24.5 2 5.8 1.52111
21 25 7 2 9 5 15.2 2 5 0 1.4 2 0 4
/1,l.,';»/.'~’f»»: 23 21.8 2 7.5 13.4 2 5.5 1.5 2 0 4
Sl Judo llodlcal Standard 25 1 5 , 9 1 7.3 11.0 2 5.3 1.92115
5119809! 27 13 7 2 4.1 8.4 2 3.4 2 5 20.4
29 13.5 Q 5.8 7.0 2 1.7 2.8205
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M un gradient P u k voloclty Pr assun Effective orlflco
Valve Sin lull-time (ms) : r u (cm*)
(mmHg) (mls)
23 5.0 1.9
25 5.57 2 2.3 1 .8 2 0 .3
sji-m<sn|a¢y manmrm 27 4.53 2 2.2 1.72 0_4
Tilting disc 29 4.26 2 1.6 1 6 2 0 .3
31 4.9 2 1.6 17 2 0.3
23 1 .9 2 0 .1 12627
25 3.6 2 0.6 1 .3 2 0 .1 9328 2.92 0.8
Curbomodics 27 3.46 2 1.03 1.61 20. 3 89220 2. 92 0.75
Bileafiei 29 3,39 2 0.97 1. 52203 88217 2 .3 2 0.4
31 3.32 2 0.87 1 .6 1 2 0 2 9 92224 2,821.14
33 4.B 2 2 .5 1. 5202 93212
27 8.0 2 2.0 1 .7 2 0 .3 98228
cnrwmar- sauna 29 4.7 2 2.0 1. 752027 92214
Stented biopmsfhesis 31 4.4 2 2.0 1.5-120.15 92219
33 6.0 2 3.0 93212
27 3.6 1.6 100
Clrpomior- Edwards 29 5.25 2 2.36 1.67 2 0.3 110215
partcardlal 31 4, 05 2 0.83 1.53 2 0,1 90211
Stented Bioplusthesis 33 1.0 0.0 80
27 5.0 2 2.0 1.3 20. 5
Nlncock I or not lpsslfl sd 29 2.46 2 0.79 115220 1. 5202
Stenled blopmsihesis 31 4.86 2 1.69 95217 1. 6202
33 3.87 2 2.0 90212 1,920.2
27 1.4 78
Mldtronic- Hall 29 1 .5 7 2 0 1 69215
Ti/ring dim: 31 1. 452012 77217
29 3.5 2 0.51 1. 62012
Ihdtronk: lntlm Porclm 31 4.2 2 1.44 1,620.26
Slsnted biopruslhssis 33 4.0 2 1.3 1 .4 2 0 2 4
35 3.2 2 1 , 7 7 1. 3205
23 8.0
25 6.05 2 1.81 1.77 2 0.24 102215
Omniclrbon 27 4.89 2 2.05 1.63 2 0.36 105233
/?§~;'?{"»:'I=>,‘[ Tilting disc 29 4.93 2 2 16 1.56 2 0.27 120240
31 4.18 2 1 .4 1.3 2 0 23 134231
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23 4.0 1.5 160 1.0
25 2.5 2 1.0 13421. 12 7524 1.35 2 0.17
SI Judn llldical 1.67 2 0.17
27 5.0 2 1.82 1.61 20.29 75210
Bileallot 85210 1.75 2 0.24
29 4.15 2 1.8 1. 572029
'f 31 4.46 2 2.22 15920. 33 74213 2.03 2 0.32
//'Q' 26 10 0 1.4
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Starr- Edwards 1 7 2 0 .3 125225 1 65 2 0.4
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Caged ball 5.08 2 2.5 1 7 2 0 .3 110225 1.98 2 0.4
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www.asecho.org Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves Page 5 of 6

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