CH 19 Revision Q's 21 terms rico_santos

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What are the two - tool material: concerned with materials that can
principal aspects of withstand the forces, temperatures, and wearing action
cutting- tool in the machining process.
technology? - tool geometry: concerned with shape of tool

Name the three - Fracture failure: excessive cutting force leading to a

modes of tool failure brittle fracture.
in machining. - Temperature failure: high temperature causing plastic
deformation on the tool.

- Gradual wear: wearing out shape edge

What are the two top rake face and the flank
principal locations on
a cutting tool where
tool wear occurs?

Identify the - Abrasion

mechanisms by which - Adhesion: metal adheres due to high temperature
cutting tools wear (like welding)
during machining. - Diffusion: exchange of atoms, hence changing atomic
structure and traits.
- Chemical reactions
- Plastic deformation

What is the physical C represents the cutting speed that results in a 1-min
interpretation of the tool life.
parameter C in the
Taylor tool life
equation?

In addition to cutting feed, depth of cut, hardness

speed, what other
cutting variables are
included in the
expanded version of
the Taylor tool life
equation?

What are some of the 1. Complete failure of the cutting edge

tool life criteria used 2. Visual inspection of flank wear
in production 3. Fingernail test across the cutting edge
machining 4. Changes in the sound emitting from the operation
operations? 5. Chips become ribbony, stringy, and difficult to
dispose of
6. Degradation of the surface finish on the work.
7. Increased power consumption in the operation
8. Workpiece count
9. Cumulative cutting time
Identify three Toughness: avoid fractures
desirable properties Hot hardness: avoid temperature wear
of a cutting-tool Wear resistance (Hardness): abrasive wear resistance
material.

What are the principal chromium, vanadium, carbon, tungsten, other HSS
alloying ingredients in types -> molybdenum or cobalt
high-speed steel?

What is the difference steel: Titanium carbide (TiC) and/or tantalum carbide
in ingredients (TaC), WC and Co
between steel cutting nonsteel: tungsten carbide (WC), cobalt (Co)
grades and nonsteel-
cutting grades of
cemented carbides?

Identify some of the TiN, TiCN, Al_2O_3

common compounds
that form the thin
coatings on the
surface of coated
carbide inserts.

Name the seven - back rake angle

elements of tool - side rake angle
geometry for a - end relief angle
single-point cutting - side relief angle
tool. - side cutting edge angle
- nose radius
- end cutting edge angle

Why are ceramic to provide as much support for the cutting edge as
cutting tools possible and load the tool in compression (ceramics
generally designed have good compressive strength).
with negative rake
angles?
Identify the - solid shank
alternative ways by - brazed inserts
which a cutting tool is - mechanically clamped inserts
held in place during
machining.

Name the two main coolants: reduce heat

categories of cutting lubricants: reduce friction
fluid according to
function.

Name the four cutting oils

categories of cutting emulsified oils
fluid according to semichemical fluids
chemistry. chemical fluids

What are the principal boundary lubrication: thin fluid film to separate and
lubricating protect the contact surfaces
mechanisms by which extreme pressure lubrication: solid layer of salt and
cutting fluids work? iron sulfide on tool surface

What are the methods flooding (flood cooling): steady stream of fluid is
by which cutting directed at the tool.
fluids are applied in a mist application: fluid is directed at the operation in the
machining operation? form of high speed mist.
manual application: squirt can or paint brush

Why are cutting fluid fluids become contaminated over time with a variety of
filter systems foreign substances.
becoming more - prolonged cutting fluid life between changes
common, and what - reduced fluid disposal cost
are their advantages? - cleaner cutting fluid
- lower machine tool maintenance
- longer tool life
Dry machining is cutting fluid contamination, disposal, and filtration
being considered by
machine shops
because of certain
problems inherent in
the use of cutting
fluids. What are those
problems associated
with the use of cutting
fluids?

What are some of the - over heating the tool

new problems - slow operating and production rate
introduced by - no chip removal benefits in grinding and milling
machining dry?