Presentation ZEBZEH Kurosawa

ZEB/ZEH Roadmap
- Technology and Institution -

ICEF Roadmap Launch Event
Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco,
November 16, 2016
Atsushi Kurosawa
The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), JAPAN
I would like to express thanks to IAE colleagues for compiling efforts

and experts from various organizations for their useful information and comments.
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
1
Outline
1. Energy System in Building Sector
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
- Technology and Institution
3. Summaries
2
Outline
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
3. Summaries
3
Energy System in Building Sector
Source: Modified from ‘Urban Energy System’, Y. Shimoda (2014)
Urban Building Residents/Workers
Renewable Energy (e.g. Solar)
Enduse
Waste and/or
Lifestyle and Service Level Requirement

Environment Heat Hot water
Distributed
En-Supply Heating /
Efficiency
Building
Heat
(bldg. scale) Cooling
Lighting
Service (Utility)
Distributed
En-Supply
(urban scale) Cooking
Power
Oil Products ICT
Gas Other
Appliances
Electricity
High
Smart Grid and/or Micro Grid
Efficiency
Equipment
Boundary Energy Management System (HEMS, BEMS)

ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, 4
November 16, 2016
Outline
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
3. Summaries
5
Buildings ‐ Energy Demand and CO2 emissions
 Global bldg. energy demand (EJ)
200
 31% of total demand in 2013, 40% in 2050
(6DS) 150
6DS
 Most of future growth expected in developing 100 4DS
regions Global Buildings
2DS
50
 Bldg. energy demand drivers Energy Demand
 Numbers of household 0
2013 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
 Floor space (Source: ETP2016, IEA)
(GtonCO2)
 Appliances 5
- type, size and numbers 4
 Deep cut of CO2 emissions 3

6DS
4DS
 Efficiency (end-use, envelope) 2 Global CO2 Emissions 2DS
 Low CO2 energy carriers 1
from Buildings
(Note: CO2 Emissions from Grid Electricity
 The ZEB/ZEH roadmap as a guide for international 0
is not included)
cooperation and stakeholder involvement to assist 2013 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
deep cut (Source: ETP2016, IEA)
6
ZEB/ZEH – Definition and Goal
＊ZEB/ZEH: Net Zero Energy Building / House
 Definition
 Annual net energy consumption is nearly zero.
 Goal
 Net zero energy consumption in buildings around
mid-century to prepare long-term zero emission
target
 Achieved by energy conservation and renewable
energy integration
 Energy conservation FIRST -energy efficient
appliances and structure, energy management
 Renewable energy integration to assist net zero
energy consumption
Example of ZEH & ZEB (Source: METI, Japan)

ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, 7
Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Existing ZEB/ZEH Roadmaps ‐ Survey
 International organizations, national/local governments, industrial associations, etc.
Industry Canada(CA)
HTSM(NL)
WBCSD(Intl.) CABA(CA)
SCCER(CH) DOE(US)
REHVA(EU)
GBPN(Intl.) CEC(US)
Horizon2020(EU) ASHRAE(US)
FP7(EU)
RHC/ETP(EU)
IEA(Intl.)
UNESCO(Intl.)
METI(JP)
UNEP(Intl.) KEA(KR)
BCA(SG)

ZEB/ZEH Definitions
The outline of ZEB/ZEH
(source) ZEB/ZEH roadmap committee report, Dec.2015 (in Japanese)
DOE, USA NREL, USA REHVA, Europe Japan

Year 2015 2006/2010 2013 2015
Design or Operation Design/ Design Design
Operation Operation
Target HVAC*, HVAC, HVAC, HVAC,
Devices Water heating, Water heating, Water heating, Water heating,
Lighting, Lighting, Lighting Lighting,
Power outlet, Power outlet, Elevators and
Energy exchanged Energy exchanged moving stairs
and transformed in and transformed in
building building
Renewable On-site, Categorized Only On-site Only On-site
Energy On-site + Off-site On-site
Integration (for small houses) On-site + Off-site
DOE: Department of Energy

*HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
NREL: National Renewable energy Laboratory
**AnREU: Annual non-Renewable Energy Use
REHVA: Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations 9
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22,
ZEB/ZEH Definitions (cont.)
The outline of ZEB/ZEH
(source) ZEB/ZEH roadmap committee report, Dec.2015 (in Japanese)
DOE, USA NREL, USA REHVA, Europe Japan

Category ZEB: annual ZEB: annual PEB: net AnREU** < ZEB/ZEH: Primary
of ZEBs primary energy energy use is 0kWh/m2yr energy consumption
use is recovered by ZEB: AnREU < (PEC) is less than
recovered by renewable 0kWh/m2yr, self 100% from the
on-site energy sufficient standards
renewable Near ZEB: built nZEB: net AnREU = Nearly ZEB/ZEH: PEC
energy as ZEB, but 0kWh/m2yr is less than 75% from
does not met nnZEB: 0kWh/m2yr < net the standards
because of AnREU < limit of ZEB ready: PEC is
weather and individual country less than 50% form the
operation etc. standards
Building Building, Building Building ZEB: Building
types Campus, ZEH: Detached house
Portfolio,
Community
DOE: Department of Energy
NREL: National Renewable energy Laboratory
**AnREU: Annual non-Renewable Energy Use
REHVA: Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
10
ZEB/ZEH Technologies
Four Technology Categories
Renewable energy integration

Air conditioning
Passive technology Photovoltaics etc.
太陽光、風力
Photovoltaics
等 etc.
Insulation & shading
Insulation of envelopes Air conditioningActive technology
Lighting Air conditioning
Insulation of windows & shadings Air conditioning
Lighting Lighting
Lighting
Ventilation (Active)
Ventilation
Building design
Ventilation (Passive) Water heating
Water heating
Energy
management
Source: ECCJ, Japan 11
Roadmap Variations ‐ Climate and Air Conditioning
 Average Temperature  HDD / Heating Demand
(Source: Wisconsin U. original data from CRU, U. East Anglia) (Source: WRI)
 Relative Humidity / Dehumidification Demand

 CDD / Cooling Demand
(Source: Wisconsin U. original data from CRU, U. East Anglia) (Source: WRI)
Roadmap Variations ‐ Climate and Air Conditioning
Source : Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings
Based on Scenario Analysis May 2012 (Global Building Performance Network)
 Climate variation
 Three types of roadmap
 Moderate & humid
Heating, cooling &
dehumidification
 Cold
High heating demand
- Only heating
 Hot
High Cooling Demand (with
Dehumidification)
- Only cooling
Discomfort Index
 Discomfort index
 Function of ambient temperature
and relative humidity 13
Climate and Air Conditioning in Africa
Source : Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings
 Cooling demand Based on Scenario Analysis May 2012 (Global Building Performance Network)
 Very high
 High
 Low and moderate
(Source: WRI)
 Both cooling and heating
 Morocco and others
 Dehumidification demand
 Yes – green (right figure)
/ No – other colors
(Source: WRI)  Estimated economic losses from by
heat stress
 Dissemination of high-efficiency
indoor and outdoor air-conditioning
supports sustainable growth of
(Source: Wisconsin U.
original data from Africa to avoid estimated losses.
CRU, U. East Anglia) 14
ZEB/ZEH Technology Roadmap ‐ Concept
 Climate zones
 Moderate & humid, cold, hot
 Energy demand of moderate-high temperature and humid regions will increase drastically.
 Technology categories
 Active - Air conditioning, hot water, lighting
 Passive - Envelope, aperture
 Management
 Renewable energy integration
 Technology indicators
 Efficiency, cost, fuel, maturity
 Climate zone – Moderate & humid, cold, hot
 Building vintage
 New, retrofit
 Common technological elements for ZEB and ZEH. However, realization of ZEH could be faster
than ZEB, because of its relatively low energy density.
 References
 IEA roadmaps, METI, NEDO etc.
15
Example : Active technology Status (Air Conditioning)
(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources
Technology Efficiency Equipment Fuel type** Fuel Maturity* Climate*** Other Information
% cost* cost*
Boiler 70-88 L G/O/B M-H H C,M Floor, Panel heating
Absorption air 70-120 M G/O/B M-H H M,H

conditioner
Heat Pump 200-600 L-M E M-H H All
（Electricity）
Heat Pump 120-200 L-M G/O/B L-M H All
（Engine)
CHP（Engine） 70-90 M-H G/O/B L-M H All with Elec. supply
CHP（FC) 80-90 H G/H L-H M All with Elec. supply
Dehumidifier n.a. H E H M-H M,H heat pump, desiccant, compressor, wet
Humidifier n.a. L-H G/E/O L-H H evaporation, steam, ultrasonic
(notes) * L:Low, M:Medium, H:High / ** G:gas, O:Oil, B:Biomass, S:Solar, E:Electricity, H:Hydrogen / *** C:Cold, M:Moderate & Humid, H:Hot
16
Roadmap for Moderate & Humid Regions ‐ Active Technology
2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Space heating & cooling New refrigerant

HP(6<COP*1) Market diffusion support
Advanced Control including
g humidity
Downsizing
Absorption Chiller Advanced Control including humidity
Market diffusion support
High-performance System
Dehumidification material integration
g
Active technology
Water Heater
Condensing Boiler Market diffusion support
CHP(EG) Market diffusion support
Heat pump High Efficiency Instantaneous*2 Market diffusion support

Cost down
CHP(FC:gas-fueled) tech.
CHP(FC:H2-fueled) Cost down tech.

Hydrogen supply system
Lighting
LED/Fluorescent(Inverter) Market diffusion support
Efficiency development Market diffusion
Organic EL Cost down technology
gy support
*1 Top level COP (Coefficient of performance), IEA *2 Hot water supply system without hot water tank. ：Matured, diffusion through mass production
(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources ：Tech. R&D to achieve target cost and performance
17
Roadmap for Moderate & Humid Regions ‐ Passive Technology
2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Ventilation
Construction Technology
Room, floor, roof etc. Market diffusion support
Shading
Passive technology
Automatic-type etc. Construction Technology

Insulation
New materials for insulator
Envelope UA*1<0.35 Cost down technologygy
Windows U*2<0.6 Cost down technology(Insulation)

Heat g
gain control ((SHGC0.08-0.65))*3
Reflection
Long-life technology
Material SR*4>0.75 Cost down technologygy
Sealing
Cost down tech.
ACH*5<0.5 Standardization
：Matured, diffusion through mass production

*1 Average U value (overall heat transfer coefficient) for wall and roof , IEA
：Tech. R&D to achieve target cost and performance
*2 U value of whole window for ZEB, IEA
*3 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, IEA
*4 SR (Solar reflectance) , Long lasting white, in case of colored material SR>0.40, IEA
*5 ACH (Air change per hour) , IEA
18
Roadmap for Moderate & Humid Regions ‐ Energy Management and Renewable Integration
2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
EMS*1×IoT*2
Optimal demand response control
Energy management
Main system Standardization of architecture

Light protocol
ICT Wireless or PLC*3
Cost down and low power technology
Terminal Unit Passive unit (Ventilation
( etc.)) control
Energy Storage Unit Battery Unit (including mobile) control

Heat storage unit control
Grid connection
Smart grid Standardization Market diffusion support
PV*4
Cost down
Rooftop technology
gy
Renewables
Wall-mounted Wall mount

engineering
g g
Wind Power
Rooftop use High density mounting technology Market diffusion support
Waste energy use

earth thermal, waste water Cost down technology Market diffusion support
*1 Energy management system *2 Internet of things *3 Power line communication ：Matured, diffusion through mass production
*4 Photovoltaics ：Tech. R&D to achieve target cost and performance
19
ZEB/ZEH Market Creation: Technology and Institution
Categories Actions (examples)

Stakeholder Involvement  Public
- Policy coordination among national ministries
- National/regional/local coordination
- Capacity building assistance
 Private
- Design guidelines as knowledge base
Research, Development  Beyond BAT (best available technology)
and Deployment (RD&D) - High performance, low cost
 Demonstration of building systems and elemental technologies
 Production at scale
Diffusion  Building code mandate
 Economic incentive (e.g. subsidy, tax reduction)
 Non-energy benefits (e.g. BCP (business continuity planning),
indoor-health, real-estate value)
20
R&D Example(1): ZEB demonstration example in Japan
 ZEB demonstration building, Taisei Corp. Research Center (Yokohama, Japan, 2014-)
 First urban building in Japan achieved annual zero energy balance. BELS five-star (Building Energy Labeling System)
 Photovoltaics (crystalline - roof, organic thin film - external wall) Source: Taisei Corporation
 Lighting conservation （-86%） Natural light, LED, organic EL, illumination control
 Air-conditioning conservation（-75%） Task (sensor & personal), Ambient（radiation from slab）
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016 21
R&D Example(2): Commercial Building Cooling
 Developed for ZEB HVAC prototype.
 Liquid cooling for energy conservation and comfort. Source: NEDO, Japan
Conventional System Liquid Cooling System
Low temp. chilled water (7degC). Chilled water temp. (21degC) is close to
Temp. distribution is not uniform. room temp. Uniform temp. distribution.
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016 22
Concept of New Commercial Building Cooling
 System Concept Subsystem Hot Water
Source: NEDO, Japan
Unit or Equipment Chilled Water
(6) ZEB energy (2) Desiccant air conditioning for
management system outdoor latent heat exchange
Desiccant
air conditioning.
Chilled Heat
20
Beam exchange
Solar Heat 55 unit for LEDs
degC
degC
(3) Liq. cooling system for indoor sensible heat

Cooling
tower
(1) Liq. cooling system for indoor heat source
Air source Radiation
HP panel
Absorption PC
refrigerator Heat
exchange
unit
Heat
exchange
Water Heat
recov.
unit
source 21
water
HP degC
Chilled
water outlet
Leakage breaker
(5) Heat recovery from indoor (4) Liq. cooling piping inside building
heat source 23
Outline
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
3. Summaries
24
Summaries – Proposals (1)
 Sharing net zero energy building as a concept
 ZEB/ZEH concept in newly constructed buildings and houses
 Renovation to ZEB/ZEH at retrofitting timings
 Achievement of net-zero energy building stocks in the long-run
 Immediate action via stakeholder involvement
 Challenges for ZEB/ZEH market creation (especially for retrofit)
 Some elemental technologies have been available already.
 Equipment and envelope
Retrofit of envelope – expensive
 Life of building is long and stakeholders are diverse.
25
Summaries – Proposals (2)
 International technology collaboration and roadmap
 Collaboration measures on ZEB/ZEH
Technology collaboration network outreach
Diffusion policy comparison
Harmonization with urban policies
Establishment of international standards
 Roadmap sharing
Transparent approach for all global regions
ZEB/ZEH roadmap reflection to climate policy
Huge benefits through good practices and
capacity building of stakeholders
26

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ZEB/ZEH Roadmap

- Technology and Institution -

I would like to express thanks to IAE colleagues for compiling efforts

1. Energy System in Building Sector

1. Energy System in Building Sector

Lifestyle and Service Level Requirement

Boundary Energy Management System (HEMS, BEMS)

1. Energy System in Building Sector

- type, size and numbers 4

 Deep cut of CO2 emissions 3

deep cut (Source: ETP2016, IEA)

Example of ZEH & ZEB (Source: METI, Japan)

ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, 8

DOE, USA NREL, USA REHVA, Europe Japan

DOE: Department of Energy

DOE, USA NREL, USA REHVA, Europe Japan

Renewable energy integration

 Relative Humidity / Dehumidification Demand

Absorption air 70-120 M G/O/B M-H H M,H

CHP（FC) 80-90 H G/H L-H M All with Elec. supply

Dehumidifier n.a. H E H M-H M,H heat pump, desiccant, compressor, wet

Humidifier n.a. L-H G/E/O L-H H evaporation, steam, ultrasonic

Space heating & cooling New refrigerant

CHP(EG) Market diffusion support

Heat pump High Efficiency Instantaneous*2 Market diffusion support

CHP(FC:H2-fueled) Cost down tech.

Automatic-type etc. Construction Technology

Windows U*2<0.6 Cost down technology(Insulation)

：Matured, diffusion through mass production

Main system Standardization of architecture

Energy Storage Unit Battery Unit (including mobile) control

Wall-mounted Wall mount

Waste energy use

Categories Actions (examples)

Conventional System Liquid Cooling System

(3) Liq. cooling system for indoor sensible heat

1. Energy System in Building Sector

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