Control Valves

 A Control Valve is a power-operated device

used to modify the fluid flow rate in a process
system.

 There are two basic types of control valves

Control Valve

a) Rotary motion valves having ball, butterfly or plug

type closures.
b) Linear motion valves having globe , diaphragm or
pinch type closures.
 Control Valve Classification

Control
Valve

Linear Rotary
Motion Motion

Globe Diaphragm Pinch Ball Butterfly Plug

Control Valve

Globe Angle 3 way

Single Double
Seated Seated
 Linear Motion
 Types Of Closure
1.Globe
1.1. Single Seated
1.2. Double Seated
1.3 Three way
2. Diaphragm
3. Pinch

 Linear Valve Features

Control Valve

i. TORTUOUS FLOW PATH

ii. LOW RECOVERY
iii. CAN THROTTLE SMALL FLOW RATES
iv. OFFERS VARIETY OF SPECIAL TRIM DESIGNS
v. SUITED TO HIGH-PRESSURE APPLICATIONS
vi. USUALLY FLANGED OR THREADED
vii. SEPARABLE BONNET
 Single Seated Globe Valve

 Features
o Large amount of force
required to drive the stem
o Tight shut off
o Used in small diameter
applications
 Applications
Control Valve

o Used for controlling large

range of process
parameters hence used in
oil and gas
production, power
generation
 Double Seated Globe Valve

 Features
o Stem can be driven with small
amount of force
o Can not achieve perfect
closure resulting in leakage
o Used in larger diameter
applications
o Body parts wear out due to
Control Valve

erosion and cavitations which

results in annoying noises
 Applications
o Used for high flow and high
pressure services
 Three Way Valves

 Features
o High flow capacity
o Valve used for mixing and
diverting liquids.
o High rangeability
o Leakage capability
consistent with normal
Control Valve

single seated globe valve

 Applications
o Used in textile industries
 Diaphragm Valves
• Features
o Consists of a saddle
or seat upon which
the diaphragm
closes the valves.
o Can handle
corrosive fluids.
 Applications
o Used as shut off
Control Valve

valves in food and

beverage
, pharmaceutical and
biotech industries
 Pinch Valve
• Features
o Tight shut off
o The flexible sleeve
allows the valve to
close drop tight around
solids , solids that
would typically be
trapped by the seat or
Control Valve

stuck in crevices in
globe, diaphragm, butte
rfly, gate or ball valves.
• Applications
•Best used in
controlling corrosive
 Rotary Motion

 Types Of Closure
1. Ball
2. Butterfly
3. Plug

 Rotary Valve Features

i. STREAMLINED FLOW PATH
ii. HIGH RECOVERY
Control Valve

iii. MORE CAPACITY

iv. LESS PACKING WEAR
v. CAN HANDLE SLURRY AND ABRASIVES
vi. FLANGELESS
vii. INTEGRAL BONNET
viii. HIGH RANGEABILITY
 Ball Valve

 Features
o Tight Shut Off
o Minimum obstruction for the
flowing media.
o High flow capacity
o Can withstand high pressure and
temperatures
Control Valve

 Applications
o Used for hazardous and corrosive
fluids
 Butterfly Valve
 Features
o High flow capacity
o Unlike ball valve the
disc is present in the
flow of the liquid and
hence a pressure
drop is always
induced in the flow.
Control Valve

o Tight shut off

 Applications
o Used in Steel
, Sugar and textile
industries
Actuators
In control valve we have seen that , the operation of a
control valve involves positioning its movable part (the
plug, ball or vane) relative to the stationary seat of the
valve. The purpose of the valve actuator is to accurately
locate the valve plug in a position dictated by the control
signal.

The actuator accepts a signal from the control system

and, in response, moves the valve to a fully-open or
fully-closed position, or a more open or a more closed
position

The major types of actuators are :

1. Pneumatic type
2. Electric type
Pneumatic Actuators
They are basically of two types
1. Piston actuator
2. Diaphragm actuator

These actuators are designed so that

with a specific change of air
pressure, the spindle will move
sufficiently to move the valve through
its complete stroke from fully-closed to
fully-open.
Piston Actuator
 They can withstand
higher input
pressures.
 Can offer small
cylinder volumes.
 They are generally
used where the
stroke of a
diaphragm actuator
would be too short
or the thrust is too
small.
Diaphragm Actuators
• They have compressed
air applied to a flexible
membrane called the
diaphragm

• They are single acting

i.e. air is supplied from
single side of the
diaphragm
Diaphragm Actuators
Electric Actuators

 Electric actuators use an electric

motor with voltage requirements in the
following range: 230 Vac, 110 Vac, 24
Vac and 24 Vdc.

 There are two types of electrical

actuator 1. VMD (Valve Motor Drive)
2. Modulating.
VMD ( Valve Motor Drive )
 This basic version of the
electric actuator has
three states:
I. Driving the valve open.
II. Driving the valve closed.
III. No movement

• The controller
positions the valve by
driving the valve open
or closed for a certain
time, to ensure that it
reaches the desired
position. Valve position
feedback may be used
with some controllers.
Modulating
 In order to position the control valve in
response to the system requirements a
modulating actuator can be used.
These units may have higher rated
motors (typically 1 200 starts/hour) and
may have built-in electronics.

 A positioning circuit may be included in

the modulating actuator which accepts
an analogue control signal (typically 0-
10 V or 4-20 mA). The actuator then
interprets this control signal, as the
valve position between the limit
switches.

 To achieve this, the actuator has a

position sensor (usually a
potentiometer), which feeds the actual
valve position back to the positioning
circuit. In this way the actuator can be
positioned along its stroke in
proportion to the control signal.
Control Valve

Thank You