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g Course organization
g Historical overview
g Computer organization
g Why the MC68000?
g Why assembly language?
Address bus
Data bus
Control bus
CPU
I/O DEV
MEMORY Interface circuitry
Peripheral devices
g Classified by technology
n Semiconductor Semiconductor Magnetic Optical
g Random Access Memory (RAM) memory memory memory
n Volatile, Read and write
g Read Only Memory (ROM)
n Non-volatile, Can only be read
n Magnetic memory RAM ROM Disk Tape CDROM
g Disk, Tape
n Optical
g CD-ROM
MEMORY TECHNOLOGY
MEMORY ACCESS RAM ROM Disk Tape Optical
Registers X
Cache X
Main memory X X Virtual
Secondary memory X X
Archival storage X X
D0
CONTROL
IR UNIT
D7 PC
A0 ALU
SR/CCR
A7 MDR MAR
Data bus
Address bus
function execute(opcode) {
decop = decode(opcode);
MEMORY
if need_data(decop) {
EXECUTE data = get_data(decop);
(manipulate
FETCH }
data as
programmed) result = compute(decop, data);
CPU
if save_result(decop) {
save_result(decop, result);
Program Counter }
}
DECODE & EXECUTE
CPU
N Address bus
Program Counter
MEMORY
Control
bus
Clock N+1
____
opcode N
Read
N-1
3000
4-bit
8-bit
2500 16-bit
# microcontrollers (millions)
2000
500
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
year