( a)

Reynold number ( Re ) is ratio of inertial forces ( Fine ) between the molecules

of fluid to the viscous forces between the molecules.
Fine = ma
�v �
= (V ) ( r) � �
�t �
Here mass of fluid is product of its volume and density,acceleration
is the rate of flow of fluid.
Viscous force is the product of coefficient of viscosity ( h ) , time
and area of cross-section.
�v �
Fvis = h tA = h � �A
�x �
Therefore,
F
Re = ine
Fvis
v
(V ) ( r) �
��
�
x�
= �t � � here V �D 3 , A �D 2 , v = �
�
�v � t�
h � �A �
�x �
r vD
= ........ ( 1)
h
The rate of flow of fluid is from the equation of continuty,
2
�D �
Q = Av = p � �v
�2 �
From the equation,speed of fluid is inversely proportional to the
cross-sectional area of the pipe.From the equation,
Q 4Q
v= = ,
�D � p D
2 2

p� �
�2 �
From equation ( 1) ,
�4Q �
r � 2 �D
pD �
Re = �
h
4Q r
=
ph D