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Fyrillas
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Email: m.fyrillas@fit.ac.cy
Homework Assignment on
Fluid Statics
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patm
pA pA
p1 p2
p1 p A 1h1
p1 p2 patm 2 h2 p A 1h1
p1 patm 2 h2
p2 patm 2 h2
h2
p2 pB 3 gh3 pB 3h3
p1 p2 2 gh2 p2 2h2 pB 3h3 2h2
p1 p A 1 gh1 p A 1h1
p8
p1
p4 p5
p3
p6 p7
p2
p1 p A
p2 p1 oil g (0.125 0.25) p A 900 9.81 0.375 p A 3311
p4 p A 29896
p2 p3
p4 p2 13540 9.81 0.25 p2 33207
p4 p3 m g 0.25
p4 p A 29896
p6 p A 29896 2943 p A 26953
p5 p4
p p 2943
p6 p5 w g (0.25 0.05) 6 4
p7 p6
p8 p6 63093
p8 patm p7 w g 0.475 p7 63093
p8 p6 63093
p8 p A 26953 63093 p A 90046
p6 p A 26953
30 cm
10 cm
D 15 cm
2
h
D 2
0.152
F1 p A 396 396 70 N
4 4
6. Determine the pressure gage reading and the height h of the mercury
manometer if the vapor pressure is p 120 kPa (Abs) .
800 kg/m3
13600 kg/m3
pg 26848
p g +101000= m gh patm h 0.2 m
m g 13600*9.81
7. A container has three different liquids as shown in the figure. Based on the
gauge pressures shown on the manometers determine the density of the
fluids.
1 1 m
p1 0.1 atm
2 1 m
p2 0.24 atm
3 1 m
p3 0.38 atm
Fg
4
h
Fw
3
3
h 4
Fw p( middle) Area w g ( h 2) Fg p( middle) Area g g (4 2)
2 2
Take moments about the hinge. When the moments are equal the door will open, i.e.
h 4
Fw Fg
3 3
h 4
1000 9.81 h 2 700 9.81 4 4
3 3
700 43 3
h3 44.8 h 3.55 m
1000 3
9. Calculate the width of concrete dam that is necessary to prevent the dam
from sliding. The specific weight of the concrete is 2400 kg/m3 , and the
coefficient of friction between the base of the dam and the foundation is
0.42 . Use 1.5 as the factor of safety (F.S.) against sliding. Will it also be safe
against overturning? The span of the damn is 1 m .
w
7m
Water 5m
Water dam
Sliding
Weight of concrete dam= V g=(1*7*w)*2400*9.81
5
Sliding force=Hydrostatic force FH = water g (5*1) 122625 N
2
Sliding resistance= 0.42*165000*w
Sliding resistance 69300w
F.S.= 1.5 w 2.65
Sliding force 122625
Oveturning
total righting moment=165000*w*w/2
overturning moment=122625*5/3
122625*5*2
To be save against oveturning 165000*w*w/2 > 122625*5/3 w
3*165000
10. A tank containing fuel of density 850 kg/m3 has an automatic device to
prevent overflow; this consists of a rectangular door hinged at the upper
edge closed by a spring. The door is 0.3 m deep and 0.2 m wide and the
spring exerts a force of 1 kN . Calculate the level of the fuel above the
hinge when the door is about to open.
h
ycp
F f g ( h 0.15) 0.06 CP
0.3 m 0.3 m
Fs
0.03
0.2 m
Side view
yc h 0.15
I xc ba 3 a2 0.0075
y R yc
yc A 12 yc ba 12( h 0.15) h 0.15
Take moments of the two forces (hydrostatic and spring) about the hinge:
1000 (0.3 0.03) 500 ( h 0.15) (y R h )
0.0075
1000 0.27 500( h 0.15) h 0.15 h
h 0.15
270 3.75 75h 11.25 h 3.4 m
11. A sphere of density and radius r is placed in a large reservoir filled with
a liquid. Find an expression for the depth to which a sphere will sink. If the
sphere is displaced from its equilibrium position, find a differential
equation that governs its oscillation assuming inviscid flow. Note: the
volume of a spherical segment is (3rh 2 h 3 ) .
3
Archimede's Principle
So,
4 3
3
r g 3rh 2 h 3 w g 3rh 2 h 3 4r 3
3
w
Given r, w and you can solve it to find h.
Differential Equation
F ma
4
3
4
d2h
r 3 g 3rh 2 h 3 w g r 3 2
3 3 dt
14 cm
D2
a. Fb Vdisplaced fluid g 0.14 1000 9.81 10.78 N
liquid 4
b. Because the cylinder is not moving F 0 Fb W 0
where W is the weight of the cylinder.
10.78 10.78 kg
10.78 Vcylinder cylinder g cylinder = 466.4 3
Vcylinder g D 2
m
0.3 9.81
4
13. A horizontal gate, 1.5 meters wide, is held in place by a cable as shown in
the Figure. Water acts against the gate which is hinged at point A. Friction
in the hinge is negligible. Determine the tension in the cable.
2m
1m
A
Figure: Tank with a gate held by a cable