RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

What is DSL?

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is the next generation modem-like technology that
allows for the transmission of voice, video and data over existing copper telephone
lines at incredible megabit speeds.
The copper telephone lines are often referred to as the local loop or the last
mile from the Exchanges to the end-user's home or business.

• DSL provides dedicated bandwidth that can be up to 278 times faster than a
28.8 Kbps modem, 143 times faster than 56Kbps modem, 62 times faster than
ISDN and up to 4 times faster than a E1 (T1) connection.
• Even better, DSL uses your ordinary phone line but doesn't tie it up -- you can
access the Internet while you are using the same line for conversation or
faxing.
• In addition, you stay connected -- there's no dialing up or waiting for busy
signals.

TYPES OF DSL

DSL comes in several different varieties, which are known collectively as xDSL.
• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
• SDSL (Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line)
• HDSL (High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
• IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)
• VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)

xDSL Service Categories

•DSL comes in different flavors based on speed, bandwidth, service, distance from
Phone Company’s central switching office (CSO), etc.
• Downstream refers to the available data speed rate from the Internet / Exchange to
the customer
• Upstream refers to the available data rate speed from the customer up to the
Internet / Exchange
• ADSL (Asymmetric DSL), is the most popular form of DSL
• ADSL provides downstream speeds of 144 Kbps to 2.2 Mbps and upstream speeds
from 90 to 640 Kbps depending on distance from Exchange
• SDSL (Symmetric DSL), transfers data upstream and downstream at symmetric
rates up to 2.3 Mbps
• HDSL (High Bit-rate DSL), is primarily used as a substitute for T1/E1 lines
providing 1.54 Mbps of data symmetrically over two phone lines
• VDSL (Very High Speed DSL), an evolving form of DSL that can deliver data from
13 to 52 Mbps downstream and 1.5 to 2.3 Mbps upstream

Comparison of xDSL Systems

System Copper loops usage
Bandwidth
Upstream Downstream

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

ADSL 16-640 KBPS 2-9 MBPS 1 Internet

HDSL 2-9 MBPS 2-9 MBPS 2/3 high speed data

SDSL 2-9 MBPS 2-9 MBPS 1 high-speed short

haul data.

VDSL 2-9 MBPS 13-53 MBPS 1 asymmetric high

speed data

What is ADSL?
• Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line often referred to as ADSL Full Rate or
G.dmt and now also known as G.992.1 -- supports up to 8 Mbps bandwidth
downstream and up to 1 Mbps upstream.
• The asymmetrical aspect of ADSL technology makes it ideal for
Internet/Intranet surfing, video-on-demand and remote local area network
(LAN) access.
• Users of these applications typically download more information than they
send.
• ADSL requires a voice/data splitter, commonly called a POTS Splitter (Plain
Old Telephone Service) to be installed at the consumer's home or business
premise.
• This device separates voice from data transmissions. Enables the Voice and
Data to travel simultaneously.
• Full rate ADSL provides service up to a maximum range of 18,000 feet (about
3.4 miles, or 5.5 km) from the telecommunication provider company's central
office to the end-user.

Benefits of ADSL
• Always on
• Simultaneous Usage of Phone and Internet.
• Could connect to the Internet at up to 140 times faster than analog modems.
(8Mbps vs. 56Kbps Modem)
• Home has its own dedicated connection.
• Connection is highly secure, compared to shared-media Cable Modem.
• No telephone call charges

Broadband Components
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
LAN Switches: for aggregating DSLAM
Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS)
RADIUS and LDAP (SSSC)
Provisioning System

Brief Functions of DSL Components

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

DSL CPEs: At customer premises. On end it connects telephone cable coming from
exchange. At the other end, it connects to PC through Ethernet and Telephone through
RJ-45 connector
DSLAM: called as DSL Access Multiplexer. It has a built in splitter, which splits
voice and data. While voice follows the normal conventional path through exchange,
data is aggregated and up linked through Ethernet Port (Gigabit Ethernet for 480 port
and Fast Ethernet for lower DSLAM)
LAN Switch: For aggregating multiple DSLAM and providing a common uplink
BRAS: called as Broadband Remote Access Server. It is the first intelligent device in
the whole chain. It terminates the customer session, authenticates, allots IP addresses
and keeps track of user session for billing along with RADIUS
SSSS: Called as Subscriber Service Selection System. When customer logs in he will
be welcome with this customized screen from where he can select various range of
service. This provides on demand service without manual intervention
RADIUS: This in conjunction with BRAS authenticates customer, upload customer
profile in the SSSS and keeps track of billing
LDAP: It stores customer database viz. username, password and the default services
that it can subscribe to.
Provisioning: This is the most critical components for ensuring quick delivery of
service. It ensures end-to-end provisioning of service right from DSL CPEs to
DSLAM to Switch to BRAS to LDAP

DSLAM
DSLAMs shall in general be collocated with existing PSTN exchanges, which provide
last mile access to customers over copper wire up to average span lengths of 3 kms
Size of DSLAM varies considerably from 480 Port DSLAM to 64 ports to 24 ports.
Uplink of DSLAM is on a Ethernet interface, converting ATM traffic to Ethernet.
2 Wire analog for PSTN interface

Need for DSLAM

To enable DSL technology, service providers must have a DSLAM located in their
networks to interact with the customer premises equipment (CPE) at the end user
location.

•A Digital Subscriber Access Multiplexer delivers exceptionally high-speed data

transmission over existing copper telephone lines
•A DSLAM separates the voice frequency signal from High Speed data traffic
•Routes and Controls Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) traffic between the subscriber’s
end-user equipment (Router, Modem, or Network Interface Card (NIC) and the
Network Service Provider’s network.

ADSL Eqpt.
DSLAM

Splitter
RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

Telephone
RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

Typical Connectivity from DSLAM

What is a CPE?
CPE stands for Customer Premise Equipment. This would consist of an ADSL
modem/router and a stand-alone or a built in splitter to separate the telephone and
broadband connections.

How to connect to ADSL?

To connect to ADSL you need an ADSL modem/router to be installed at your
home/business. On your PC you should have an Ethernet port with RJ45 socket. Some
ADSL modems have a USB port and you could connect these modems to the USB
port of you computer.

What is a splitter?
If at your home/business, the same line is used for voice and data then you need
to separate out these signals by using a splitter. The splitter will have one output for
your telephone and one or more for the ADSL modem, which in turn connects to your
computer

Connection Topology

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012

1. ADSL eqpt. 2. LJU 3. Splitter 4. Telephone

5. Computer 6. Eth Cable. 7. Telephone Line

RTTC/HYD/TD/BSNL/Industrial Training on Telecom Technologies-Advanced/V1/R0 DATED 2-8-2012