# Cyl.: 1.

00 units
B,Bore: 70.50 mm
S,Stroke: 57.00 mm
RPM: 10000.00 rev/min
r,Rod Length: 110.00 mm
0,Crank Angle: 0.00 degrees, 0 @ TDC
Vc, Volume of cylinder/head at TDC 19.50 cc random guess value
Ach, Area of cylinder head 4500.00 mm^2 random guess value
Horsepower 20.00 HP
Max RPM 12000.00 rpm

W.,Power 14.91 kW
Upa,avg piston speed: 19.00 m/sec
Vd, Displ.: 222.51 cc
s,crank center to wrist pin center at gi 138.50 mm
a,Crank offset: 28.50 mm
R,Ratio of rod length to crank offset 3.86 none
Upi/Upa,Ratio of instantaneous piston 0.00 none
Upi,Piston speed instantaneous 0.00 m/sec
rc, Comp. Ratio 12.41 none
V, Cyl Vol. @ crank angle 19.50 cc
Ap, Crosssectional area of cylinder 3903.63 mm^2
A,Combustion chamber surface area 8403.63 mm^2
x, distance from TDC 0.00 mm
bmep, mean effective pressure 0.80 ???

ci, speed of sound at inlet conditions 366.00 m/sec

C, constant 3.15 none

B, Bore 70.50 mm
Upamax, avg piston speed at max rpm 22.80 m/sec
Ai, total inlet vlave area for one cyl 975.31 mm^2
dv1, dv with one intake valve 35.24 mm
dv2, dv with two intake valves 24.92 mm
 new
total 2135
yx160 525
v2 head 325
70.5mm pi 100
70.5mm cyl 150
57mm cran 175
cam chain 50
studs 100
decomp c 100
bearings 100
gasket 50
misc 250
langcourt c 210
Piston Speed (ft/min.)

a RPM
b Stroke of Engine (ft)

Formula: 2 x a x b

Example: 2 x 8000 x .333 = 5328

ft/min

Compression Ratio (Total Swept Volume)

a Combustion Chamber Volume at TDC

b Cylinder Displacement (cc)

Formula: (a + b) / a

Example: (100.00 + 823.70) / 100.00

= 9.237

Rod Ratio
a Rod Length
b Stroke of Engine

Formula: a / b

Example: 6.0 / 3.5 = 1.714

Rod Length
a Cylinder Block Length
b Deck Clearance

c Target Compression Height of Piston

d Stroke of Engine

Formula: a - b - (c + (d / 2))
 Example: 9.025 - .025 - (1.0 + (3.5 /
2)) = 6.25

Piston Dome Volume

a Head Chamber Volume (cc)
b Gasket Volume (cc)
c Deck to Piston Volume (cc)
d Cylinder Displacement
e Err:509
Formula: (a + b + c - (d / (e - 1.00))) x
-1
Example: (60 + 10 + 10 - (823.7 /
(9.237 - 1.00))) x -1 = 20cc

Piston Compression Height

a Block Length
b Stroke of Engine
c Rod Length
d Err:509
Formula: a - (b / 2 + c) - d
Example: 9.025 - (3.50 / 2 + 6.00) - .
025 = 1.250

Cylinder Displacement
a Bore (Inches)
b Stroke of Engine (Inches)
c Number of Cylinders
cc Formula: a x a x .7854 x b x 16.387
xc
cc Example: 4 x 4 x .7854 x 4.0 x
16.387 x 6 = 4942.2142
CI Formula: a x a x .7854 x b x c
CI Example: 4 x 4 x .7854 x 4.0 x 6 =
301.5936
 Engine Formula, 4-Stroke

Power Piston Speed

BHP = PLAN/33,000

P is brake mean effective pressure,

Cm = .166 x L x N
in PSI

Cm is mean piston speed, in feet

L is piston stroke, in feet
per minute

A is the area of one piston, in

L is stroke, in inches
square inches

N is the number of power strokes

N is crankshaft speed, in RPM
per minute

Brake Mean Effective Pressure

L = Displacement in Liters
(BMEP)

2-Stroke BMEP = (HP x 6500)/(L x

i.e., 80 cc = .08 Liters
RPM)

4-Stroke BMEP = (HP x 13000)/(L x

1 ci. = 16.39 cc
RPM)

Piston Acceleration Piston Stroke Motion

S = R cos X + L cos Z

Gmax = ((N^2 x L)/2189) x (1 + S = the distance piston wrist pin is

1/(2A)) from center of crankshaft
Gmax is maximum piston
R = the radius of the crankshaft
acceleration, in feet per second
wrist pin
squared

N is crankshaft speed, in RPM L = the length of the connecting rod

L is stroke, in inches X = the angle of the wrist pin

A is the ratio of connecting rod

Z = the angle of the connecting rod
length, between centers, to stroke
 or

sin X = R/L sin Z

Piston Travel vs. Crank Rotation Exhaust Systems Tuned Length

d = ((S/2) + L) - (S/2 cos X) - L

Lt = (Eo x Vs) / N
sin[cos-1 (S/2L sin X)]

S = Stroke (mm) Lt is the tuned length, in inches

Eo is the exhaust-open period, in

L = Connecting Rod Length (mm)
degrees

X = Crank Angle Before or After Vs is wave speed in feet per second

TDC (deg) (1700 ft/sec at sea level)

Note: (L) Rod Length is usually 2

N is crankshaft speed, in RPM
times the (S) Stroke

OR Length of Curved Pipe

For Spreadsheets and some

L = R x .01745 x Z
Calculators

HT = (r + c) - (r cos (a)) -
L is length
SQRT(c^2 - (r sin (a))^2)

r = s/2 R is radius of the pipe bend

dtor = PI/180 Z is the angle of the bend

a = d x dtor Diffuser Proportions

HT = The height of piston D2 = SQRT( D1^2 x 6.25 )

r = The stroke divided by 2 D2 is the diffuser outlet diameter

c = The rod length D1 is the diffuser inlet diameter

6.25 is the outlet/inlet ratio

a = The crank angle in radians
constant
 d = The crank angle in degrees Baffle Cones

dtor = Degrees to Radians Lr = Le/2

Lr is mean point of the reflection

inside the baffle cone

Le is the length of the baffle cone

Port Open Time Compression Ratio

T = ( 60/N ) x ( Z/360 ) or T = Z/
CR = ( V1 + V2 ) / V2
( N x 6)

T is time, in seconds CR is compression ratio

V1 is cylinder volume at exhaust

N is crankshaft speed, in RPM
closing

Z is port open duration, in degrees V2 is combustion chamber volume

Carburetor Throttle Bore

Crankcase Volume
Diameter

D = K x SQRT( C x N ) Primary compression ratio =

D is throttle bore diameter, in Case Volume @ TDC / Case Volume

millimeters at BDC
K is a constant ( approx. 0.65 to
0.9, derive from existing carburetor or
bore)

C is cylinder displacement, in liters CRp = V1 + V2 / V1

CRp is the primary compression

N is RPM at peak power
ratio

V1 is crankcase volume @ BDC

 V2 is piston displacement

Resonance Effects Average Exhaust Temperature

F = Vs / 2 * the square root of A /

Exhaust gas temperature in Kelvin
Vc (L + 1/2 the square root of A

Vs is the sonic speed Usually about (k = C + 273.15). This is usually a

1100 ft/sec) function of the engine's BMEP.

A is the cross-sectional area of the

inlet

L is the inlet pipe length

Vc is the flask (crankcase) volume

MPH Calculate RPM Calculate

To figure engine speed (RPM),

To figure miles per hour, multiply
multiply by the Speed in MPH, by
the engine RPM by the Wheel
the rear axle gear ratio times 336.
Diameter in inches and divide this
Divide this by the tire diameter in
by the Gear Ratio times 336
inches.
or

MPH = RPM * wheel diameter (in

or
inches) / gear ratio * 336

RPM = MPH * gear ratio * 336 / tire

diameter
Here are the formulas for calculating motorcycle and automotive performance.

Many of the formulas use the value of pi which is 3.1415927

Some formulas contain notation such as ^2 which means

"squared" or ^3 which means "cubed"

Formulas for Calculating Performance

Convert between 1/4 mile and 1/8 mile ET's

1/4 mile ET = 1/8 mile ET x 1.5832 (thanks to Bobby

Mosher for this formula)

1/8 mile ET = 1/4 mile ET / 1.5832 (thanks to Bobby

Mosher for this formula)

Calculate 1/4 mile ET and MPH from HP and Weight

ET = ((Weight / HP)^.333) * 5.825

MPH = ((HP / Weight)^.333) * 234

Calculate HP From ET and Weight

HP = (Weight / ((ET/5.825)^3))

Calculate HP From MPH and Weight

HP = (((MPH / 234)^3) * Weight)

Formulas for displacement, bore and stroke

pi/4 = 0.7853982

cylinder volume = pi/4 x bore^2 x stroke

stroke = displacement / (pi/4 x bore^2 x number of cylinders)

Formulas for compression ratio

(CylVolume + ChamberVolume) / ChamberVolume

cylinder volume = pi/4 x bore^2 x stroke

chamber volume = cylinder volume / compression ratio - 1.0

displacement ratio = cylinder volume / chamber volume

amount to mill = (new disp. ratio - old disp. ratio / new disp.
ratio x old disp. ratio) x stroke

Formulas for piston speed

piston speed in fpm = stroke in inches x rpm / 6

rpm = piston speed in fpm x 6 / stroke in inches

Formulas for brake horsepower

horsepower = rpm x torque / 5252

torque = 5252 x horsepower / rpm

brake specific fuel consumption = fuel pounds per hour /

brake horsepower

bhp loss = elevation in feet / 1000 x 0.03 x bhp at sea level

Formulas for indicated horsepower & torque

horsepower = mep x displcement x rpm / 792,00

torque = mep x displacement / 150.8

mep = hp x 792,000 / displacement x rpm

mep = hp x 792,000 / displacement x rpm

mechanical efficiency = brake output / indocated output x 100

friction output = indicated output - brake output

taxable horsepower = bore2 x cylinders / 2.5

Formulas for air capacity & volumetric efficiency

theoretical cfm = rpm x displacement / 3456

volumetric efficiency = actual cfm / theoretical cfm x 100

street carb cfm = rpm x displacement / 3456 x 0.85

racing carb cfm = rpm x displacement / 3456 x 1.1

Formulas for tire size & their effect

effective ratio = (old tire diameter / new tire diameter) x

original ratio
actual mph = (new tire diameter / old tire diameter) x actual
mph

Formulas for g force & weight transfer

drive wheel torque = flywheel torque x first gear x final drive x

0.85

wheel thrust = drive wheel torque / rolling radius

g = wheel thrust / weight

weight transfer = weight x cg height / wheelbase x g

lateral acceleration = 1.227 x raduis / time^2

lateral weight transfer = weight x cg height / wheel track x g

centrufugal force = weight x g

Formulas for shift points

rpm after shift = ratio shift into / ratio shift from x rpm before
shift

driveshaft torque = flywheel torque x transmission ratio

Formula for instrument error

actual mph = 3600 / seconds per mile

speedometer error percent = difference between actual and

indicated speed / actual speed x 100

indicated distance = odometer reading at finish - odometer

reading at start

odometer error percent = difference between actual and

indicated distances / actual distance x 100