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Chi-square test: Typically used to analyze the relationship between two variables when these conditions
are met:
Both variables are qualitative in nature (nominal level)
The two variables have been measured on the same individuals
The observations on each variable are between-subjects in nature
T-TESTS
Student’s t Statistics: The student’s t may be used as a model for testing a hypothesis about the mean of
a normally distributed population. Typically, the procedure is used to determine whether the population of
interest differs significantly from the norm group (Small sample <30).
(Functions)
1. When one likes to find out whether the difference calculated between 2 independent samples is
statistically significant or not.
2. When one likes to test whether 2 populations have different means.
(Assumptions)
1. The 2 squares are random samples from the 2 populations of interest. N
2. The measured variable is approximately normally distributed and continuous.
3. Measurement is the strength of internal measurement.
Mann-Whitney U Test: non parametric; assumptions of the t-test (of independent samples) cannot be
met
(Functions)
1. When one likes to find out whether the difference calculated between 2 correlated samples is
statistically significant or not.,
2. When one likes to test whether 2 populations have different means.
(Assumptions)
1. Measurement is on an interval/ratio scale
2. The distribution of the variable is approximately normal
3. Each individual is measured twice – once before the specified treatment and again following the
specified treatment – or matched pairs of individuals are measured.
4. The data constitute a random sample from the population of interest.
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test: non-parametric; when the assumptions of t-test for correlated means are
not met
One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): ANOVA is used for testing the hypothesis that two or more
independent samples were drawn from populations having the same mean.
Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance: When we desire to compare several independent
groups rather than only two, we may use an extension of the Mann-Whitney U test, which is called the
Kruskal Wallis One-Way ANOVA (non-parametric One Way ANOVA)
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient: A statistic which is used to measure the relationship of paired
ranks assigned to individual scores on two variables. A correlation estimates the degree of association of
two sets of variables in a least an ordinal scale so that the subjects under the study may be rankled inj a
two-ordered series.